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Fucoxanthin, an allenic carotenoid, can be isolated from edible brown seaweeds. Recent studies have reported that fucoxanthin has many physiological functions and biological properties, such as antiobesity, antitumor, antidiabetes, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities, as well as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protect...
Citations
... It also protects the heart and brain in addition to having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Earlier studies corroborate these conclusions (Zhang et al. 2015). The most well-known naturally occurring substances possessing antioxidant properties are flavonoids, tannins, and total phenols. ...
Atherosclerosis is considered the most common underlying cause of most cardiovascular diseases. Most conventional therapies focus on lipid levels but fail to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. In contrast, seaweeds can solve such problems, with their antihypercholesterolemic properties. The current study aims to evaluate the antiatherosclerotic effects of the brown alga Sargassum latifolium and low-level laser irradiation in rats fed on a hypercholesterolemic diet, individually or in combination. Two doses of S. latifolium dry bio-mass (5 and 10 %) were orally gavaged to rats with and without low-level laser irradiation (650 nm laser 100 mW) compared with Atorvastatine Ca (Lipitor). The alga phytochemical contents were estimated with (GCÀMS) analysis, evaluating its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antihypercholesterolemic activities. S. latifolium showed 74.8 % of FRAP scavenging power and 76.08 % Cox1 inhibition. In addition to suppressing weight gain and blood viscosity in hypercholesterolemic rats, the algal laser treatment demonstrated a significant improvement in serum HDL-cholesterol and a reduction in serum total lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol , LDL-cholesterol, and VLDL-cholesterol concentrations. Additionally, there was a significant improvement in serum HDL-cholesterol and a significant reduction in elevated atherogenic index, risk factor, inflammatory marker (CRP), creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase activities, and serum liver and kidney function biomarkers. The best results were achieved by treatment of hypercholesterolemic rats with a high dose of S. latifolium with laser irradiation. In conclusion, the synergistic effect of S. latifolium seaweed (espe-cially high dose) and low-level laser has great potential, which exceeds that of anticholesterol drugs for preventing and/or therapy of hypercholesterolemia and maintaining overall health. Thus, this synergistic effect is a potential source of a new therapy that provides antihypercholesterolemic and antiatherosclerotic effects similar to, or better than, those of more traditional pharmaceutical drugs.
... It can maintain skin elasticity and protect against ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced hyperplasia and inflammation of the skin (González, Astner, An, Pathak, & Goukassian, 2003). In contrast, fucoxanthin is predominantly found in edible brown seaweed, diatoms, and microalgae (Maeda, 2015;Zhang et al., 2015). A previous study reported that it can reduce wrinkle formation and epidermal hypertrophy in mice (Urikura et al., 2011) and suppress melanogenesis and prostaglandin synthesis (Shimoda, Tanaka, Shan, & Maoka, 2010). ...
... 5 Researchers found that, although fucoxanthin has numerous beneficial nutritional and therapeutic properties, its structure renders it unstable. 6 Alltrans-fucoxanthin, the natural structural form of fucoxanthin, is susceptible to degradation when exposed to high temperatures, pH and light. It can be easily isomerised into cis-isomers, and isomerisation leads to a change of colour, 7 which may affect the antioxidant potential, nutrition and taste of the fucoxanthinincorporated food products. ...
BACKGROUND
The present study evaluated the effects of temperature, pH, light and chemical oxidation on fucoxanthin changes in terms of colour, antioxidant activity and metabolomic profile. Additionally, the correlation between antioxidant activity and identified metabolites was analysed.
RESULTS
It was found that colour change was significantly reduced at elevated heat (100 °C, *∆E = 0.81 ± 0.05), reduced pH (pH 3, *∆E = 0.59 ± 0.04) and length of light exposure (*∆E = 3.16 ± 0.04). Antioxidant activity decreased under all treatments. Among the temperatures tested, fucoxanthin exhibited the highest activity at 60 °C, ranging from 0.92 to 3.04 mg Trolox equivalents (TE) g⁻¹. Significant activity reductions (P < 0.05) were observed as a result of pH changes in the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl and β‐carotene bleaching assays. Exposure to light 2: warm white lamp for 120 h significantly reduced antioxidant activity (0.01 to 1.70 mg TE g⁻¹). Chemical oxidation also led to reduced activity, ranging from 0.18 to 0.29 mg TE g⁻¹. Multivariate data analysis revealed distinct profiles for temperature, pH, light and chemical oxidation treatments. Liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS)‐based metabolomics analysis identified 10 metabolites, and significant correlations (P < 0.05) indicate that these metabolites contributed to the samples' antioxidant activities.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, fucoxanthin tolerates well at 60 °C, within pH range 3–9, and within 8 h of light exposure, as indicated by its consistent antioxidant activity and minimal colour change. Each treatment resulted in distinct metabolite concentrations, as shown by LC‐MS/MS‐based metabolomics analysis. Further research into these metabolites could advance the understanding of their roles and aid in optimising processing conditions to favour beneficial metabolites. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
... A 4-week toxicity study was done to assess the impact of repeated oral ingestion of fucoxanthin (with a purity of 95%) on rats. The study revealed that fucoxanthin showed no discernible harm in the rats (Kadekaru 2008;Zhang et al. 2015). The retina's macular pigments consist of lutein and zeaxanthin, both cyclic oxycarotenoids. ...
Eye diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR), impose a substantial health cost on a worldwide scale. Carotenoids have emerged as intriguing candidates for pharmacological treatment of various disorders. Their therapeutic effectiveness, however, is hindered by poor solubility and vulnerability to degradation. Nanocarriers, such as nanoparticles, liposomes, and micelles, provide a transformational way to overcome these limits. This review explores the pharmacological potential of carotenoids, namely lutein, zeaxanthin, and astaxanthin, to treat several ocular disorders. The main emphasis is on their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions, which help to counteract inflammation and oxidative stress, crucial factors in the development of AMD and DR. The review evaluates the significant benefits of nano-formulated carotenoids, such as improved bioavailability, higher cellular absorption, precise administration to particular ocular tissues, and greater biostability, which make them superior to conventional carotenoids. Some clinical studies on the beneficial properties of carotenoids in eye diseases are discussed. Furthermore, safety and regulatory concerns are also taken into account. Ultimately, carotenoids, especially when created in their nano form, have significant potential for safeguarding eyesight and enhancing the overall well-being of several individuals afflicted with vision-endangering eye diseases.
... Therefore, extraction is generally controlled to be completed within 120 min, with most selections being between 30-60 min. Antioxidants such as ascorbic acid can also be added to the reaction system to prevent fucoxanthin from being oxidized during the extraction process [91]. ...
... More and more studies have shown that the use of a combination of enzymes for extracting fucoxanthin is more effective, with commonly used enzymes including cellulase, pectinase, and alginate lyase [96,97]. Li et al. [91] selected chitosanase, alkaline protease, and trypsin to form a combination of enzymes for extracting fucoxanthin from P. tricornutum. ...
... For example, Zhang et al. [43] first separated fucoxanthin using column chromatography, and then sequentially separated EPA and chrysolaminarin. Li et al. [91] used supercritical CO 2 to first separate EPA, and then used ultrasonic assistance under the protection of ascorbic acid to obtain fucoxanthin using supercritical CO 2 . ...
Microalgae, compared to macroalgae, exhibit advantages such as rapid growth rates, feasible large-scale cultivation, and high fucoxanthin content. Among these microalgae, Phaeodactylum tricornutum emerges as an optimal source for fucoxanthin production. This paper comprehensively reviews the research progress on fucoxanthin production using Phaeodactylum tricornutum from 2012 to 2022, offering detailed insights into various aspects, including strain selection, media optimization, nutritional requirements, lighting conditions, cell harvesting techniques, extraction solvents, extraction methodologies, as well as downstream separation and purification processes. Additionally, an economic analysis is performed to assess the costs of fucoxanthin production from Phaeodactylum tricornutum, with a comparative perspective to astaxanthin production from Haematococcus pluvialis. Lastly, this paper discusses the current challenges and future opportunities in this research field, serving as a valuable resource for researchers, producers, and industry managers seeking to further advance this domain.
... Fucoxanthin has a unique molecular structure that may exert free radical-scavenging activity, including an allenic bond, a polyene chain, an epoxy ketone group, and oxygenic functional groups such as hydroxyl and acetyl groups [15][16][17]. Fucoxanthin exhibits various functional activities, including antioxidant, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and hepatoprotective activities [18]. Recently, fucoxanthin from S. siliquastrum was reported to exert antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 [12]. ...
Considering the lack of antiviral drugs worldwide, we investigated the antiviral potential of fucoxanthin, an edible carotenoid purified from Sargassum siliquastrum, against zika virus (ZIKV) infection. The antiviral activity of fucoxanthin was assessed in ZIKV-infected Vero E6 cells, and the relevant structural characteristics were confirmed using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Fucoxanthin decreased the infectious viral particles and nonstructural protein (NS)1 mRNA expression levels at concentrations of 12.5, 25, and 50 µM in ZIKV-infected cells. Fucoxanthin also decreased the increased mRNA levels of interferon-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeat 1 and 2 in ZIKV-infected cells. Molecular docking simulations revealed that fucoxanthin binds to three main ZIKV proteins, including the envelope protein, NS3, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), with binding energies of −151.449, −303.478, and −290.919 kcal/mol, respectively. The complex of fucoxanthin with RdRp was more stable than RdRp protein alone based on MD simulation. Further, fucoxanthin bonded to the three proteins via repeated formation and disappearance of hydrogen bonds. Overall, fucoxanthin exerts antiviral potential against ZIKV by affecting its three main proteins in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, fucoxanthin isolated from S. siliquastrum is a potential candidate for treating zika virus infections.
... 4. Insect and Fish By-Products: By-products sourced from insects and fish are harnessed as sustainable alternatives to traditional animal proteins in animal nutrition. These by-products furnish essential nutrients such as protein, fatty acids, and minerals, thereby fortifying animal health and well-being [39]. 5. Fucoxanthin: Fucoxanthin, a functional ingredient with potential medicinal and nutritional attributes, is utilized in animal nutrition to confer antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties, thereby augmenting health and disease resistance [40]. 6. Fruit and Vegetable Co-Products: Residues generated from fruit and vegetable processing serve as functional feed ingredients in animal nutrition. ...
... Additionally, Haroyan et al. (2018) delved into the impact of treatment strength, baseline disease severity, delivery route, and sample size on the efficacy of curcumin, either alone or in combination with boswellic acid, in mitigating osteoarthritis [58]. Moreover, investigations into fucoxanthin have addressed aspects such as bioavailability, metabolism, safety profile, and strategies for enhancing bioavailability, shedding light on factors underpinning its efficacy [40]. Similarly, Gencoglu et al. (2020) explored the influence of dosage and supplementation duration on the efficacy of undenaturated type II collagen (UC-II) in preserving joint health, offering insights into its optimal usage [59]. ...
This review delves into recent advancements in livestock research, focusing on genetic diversity, disease resistance, and immune function. Through an in-depth analysis of various studies, this review elucidates the intricate interplay of genetic factors influencing disease susceptibility and resilience in livestock populations. Investigations highlight the efficacy of functional ingredients, such as plant extracts and marine-derived compounds, in enhancing immune health and disease resistance in breeding animals. Additionally, the review examines the molecular mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects of specific ingredients, shedding light on signaling pathways and gene expression profiles involved in bolstering immune function. Furthermore, the review explores emerging trends in livestock nutrition, including the utilization of fruit processing by-products to improve animal health and performance. Insights into the role of prebiotics in modulating gut microbiota and mitigating diet-related maladies provide valuable perspectives for enhancing livestock welfare and productivity. By synthesizing these findings, this review underscores the critical importance of genetic selection, dietary interventions, and immunomodulatory strategies in promoting the health and resilience of livestock populations.
... It features just one structure that includes an allenic link, epoxy, hydroxyl, carboxyl, and carbonyl groups . It has been found to have anti-cancer, antioxidant, antiangiogenic, antidiabetic, anti-tumorigenic, and other physiological and biological characteristics (Zhang et al. 2015). ...
Marine resources are attracting a lot of interest from biologists and chemists due to their sophisticated and potent biological uses. Marine resources are diversified to usher in a new era of marine flora. Marine natural Pigments (MNPs) such as Chlorophyll, Carotenoids, and Phycobiliproteins can give therapeutic advantages. MNPs have many therapeutic applications including antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-angiogenic, and many more. Because of their numerous advantages over synthetic medications, MNPs can be used in the therapeutic and diagnosis of serious diseases. Discussed biological activities of MNPs strengthen the semi-synthetic pathway of drug discovery and open a new era of marine pharmaceuticals through computational study. In computational study, the molecule isolated from MNPs can have a stronger influence on both therapeutic and diagnostic outcomes. As a biomarker, MNP-derived fluorophores can be exploited in early diagnostic procedures. The primary goals of this study are to present an up-to-date view of recent research on the therapeutics and diagnostics advantages of MNPs, as well as structural properties and a list of marine organisms that generate various MNPs. We also discussed current trends and future prospects of the MNPs Market. This review encourages researchers to develop potent drugs with fresh insights into the possible function of MNPs to improve human health.
... In addition to the polyene chain, fucoxanthin also has a hydroxyl group at one end and a keto group at the other end. The hydroxyl group makes it soluble in lipid (fatty) solvents, while the keto group contributes to its stability (Zhang et al., 2015). Furthermore, it has several unique properties that make it biologically active, including antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-cancer properties, potential benefits for cardiovascular health, and potential benefits for weight management (Miyashita et al., 2020). ...
Abstract
In recent years, the use of carotenoids and vitamins in the food, flavoring, pharmaceutical, and feed sectors has led to a surge in demand for these nutrients. Nevertheless, these compounds can be expensive and technically challenging to extract and synthesize. Recent decades have seen an increase in the search for natural carotenoids and vitamins due to the increased interest in greener and more sustainable industrial processing. In particular, the microbial production of carotenoids and vitamins offers a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to chemical synthesis or direct extraction from plants. Consequently, it has been proposed that bioprocessing technologies can boost production yields of carotenoids and vitamins as well as increase the efficiency of currently employed production techniques. Therefore, this chapter gives a summary of the most current biotechnological advancements in the microbial synthesis of carotenoids and vitamins. This chapter aims to enhance knowledge and understanding of the most suitable and cost-effective approaches for the biotechnological synthesis of vitamins and carotenoids.
... Moreover, fucoxanthin has shown promising results in reducing body weight, body fat, and blood-lipid levels, making it an attractive target for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders (Zhang et al., 2015). Furthermore, it has been shown to improve insulin resistance and glucose metabolism, suggesting its potential use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (Mumu et al., 2022;Zhang et al., 2015). ...
... Moreover, fucoxanthin has shown promising results in reducing body weight, body fat, and blood-lipid levels, making it an attractive target for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders (Zhang et al., 2015). Furthermore, it has been shown to improve insulin resistance and glucose metabolism, suggesting its potential use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (Mumu et al., 2022;Zhang et al., 2015). ...
Fucoxanthin is a unique carotenoid present in brown seaweed due to the presence of an allenic bond in its structure. Its chemical composition consists of a central core that is cyclic, many conjugated double bonds, and several functional groups. Fucoxanthin plays a critical role in photosynthesis, absorbing light energy and transferring it to chlorophyll a. It has been demonstrated to have a variety of health advantages as well as protective effects against conditions including diabetes, liver cirrhosis, obesity, and malignant cancer, etc. Therefore, fucoxanthin can be employed as a strong pharmaceutical and dietary components to stop the spread of a wide array of infectious disorders. The present review focuses on the most recent research related to the pharmaceutical properties of fucoxanthin including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin-protective, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and other qualities, including bioavailability and stability traits. This review seeks to support future biochemical research in order to create new pharmaceutical and dietary supplements that work with fucoxanthin and its many metabolites.
