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The chemical parameters (1998-2014) of soil of burnt plots in relation to the same parameters in surrounding areas: a) available potassium content; b) available phosphorus content; c) soil reaction (pH)
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In some areas of Polish Carpathians high nature value grasslands are managed only because of agri-environmental subsidies or as an active preservation measures in protected areas. Due to the abandonment of livestock farming the problem is the dispose of collected biomass. In the Pieniny National Park in some cases the hay harvested and collected in...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... most of the plots potassium content decreased from year to year, (Fig. 2a), but in 2001 it was still higher than in the surrounding area, in some plots reaching even 400%. While increased potassium content was observed in the case of five plots in 2014, these differences were small. Content of available phosphorus (Fig. 2b) was substantially elevated with respect to the surrounding area. In the first three ...
Context 2
... most of the plots potassium content decreased from year to year, (Fig. 2a), but in 2001 it was still higher than in the surrounding area, in some plots reaching even 400%. While increased potassium content was observed in the case of five plots in 2014, these differences were small. Content of available phosphorus (Fig. 2b) was substantially elevated with respect to the surrounding area. In the first three years after the biomass was burned it remained at a similar level, far exceeding (600-1,400%) the level in the surrounding area. In 2001 it increased further, to as high as 2,700% of the phosphorus level in the unburnt area. In 2014 the phosphorus ...
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... at a similar level, far exceeding (600-1,400%) the level in the surrounding area. In 2001 it increased further, to as high as 2,700% of the phosphorus level in the unburnt area. In 2014 the phosphorus content in the burnt areas differed only very slightly from the values in the surrounding soil, and in the case of two plots was even lower (Fig. 2b). The reduction in soil pH was relatively slow. As in the case of phosphorus and potassium, despite the overall downward trend, on individual plots a temporary increase in soil pH was noted in some years. After 17 years a slight increase in pH persisted on 6 plots (Fig. 2c). ...
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... in the surrounding soil, and in the case of two plots was even lower (Fig. 2b). The reduction in soil pH was relatively slow. As in the case of phosphorus and potassium, despite the overall downward trend, on individual plots a temporary increase in soil pH was noted in some years. After 17 years a slight increase in pH persisted on 6 plots (Fig. 2c). ...
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... (IUNG, 2010). The strong influence of increased pH and available P and K on vegetation may be due to the very low level of these parameters in the soils of the Pieniny Mountain ( Kobza, 2002). In the case of available phosphorus a considerable increase in its concentration was observed in the soil of the plots in the fourth year after the burning (Fig. 2). This was probably caused by phosphorus speciation in the soil; the content of the available forms of phosphorus is highly subject to the modifying effects of environmental factors (Chen et al., ...
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... nitrogen by white clover. Enrichment of the soil with nitrogen owing to increased occurrence of nitrogen-fixing species has also been observed after fires in numerous forest ecosystems (Johnson and Curtis, 2001). Seventeen years after the burning the soil parameters on the burnt plots did not differ from the values noted in the surrounding soil (Fig. 2). Similarly, there were no differences in species composition between former burnt plots and surrounding grasslands (Fig. 3). (1998-2001 and 2014). Only the species that best fit the model are plotted. First ordination axis: λ=0.227, gradient length 2.74, cumulative percentage of variance explained 11.9 %. Second ordination axis: ...
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Citations
... Another problem is management of the biomass. Due to the decline in low-intensity livestock farming, where hay from seminatural grasslands, having low nutritional value (Tallowin & Jeferson, 1999), could be used, some of the harvested biomass is either left in stacks or burned (Zarzycki, 2018). One possible solution to biomass management problems that may reduce labour intensity is mulching, which involves cutting grassland vegetation, breaking up the organic matter into small pieces, and leaving it in a thin layer on the mowed surface (Moog et al., 2002). ...
Traditional, extensive management systems in grasslands have played a fundamental role in the formation, maintenance and conservation of grassland of high natural value. Contemporary processes in the agricultural economy make this type of management unprofitable. Simplified management systems are implemented as part of agricultural and environmental programmes and in protected areas, but these can cause changes in botanical composition. An experiment was conducted for six years on grassland in the Carpathian Mountains to compare mulching and compost application with late cutting and biomass removal. In the conditions of mountain grassland of medium fertility, the level of biomass and the species composition of the vegetation were the same following mulching as in the case of cutting and biomass removal. Mulching was only found to affect the temperature of the topsoil. Compost application caused a significant increase in the amount of biomass. The species composition was the same as for the other management types, but there were changes in the proportions of individual species and functional groups. High grasses were dominant, while the proportion of legume plants was small. Moreover, the N:P ratio was lower following the use of compost, indicating a shift from P limitation to N limitation. Mulching can be used as a simplified means of management in the case of certain types of grassland communities, but its effects must be monitored. Compost application would necessitate modification of other elements of management, e.g. increased frequency of cutting.
... The productivity, species number and species composition were at an intermediate level between the treatments with complete fertilization (90 NPK) and with phosphorus alone (P). A greater abundance of species with higher nitrogen demands resulting from an increased share of legumes has also been observed in other grassland ecosystems (Temperton et al., 2007;Warren, 2000;Zarzycki, 2018). ...
The deposition of pollutants and agricultural fertilizers substantially increases nutrient supply to the environment. Nutrient addition may shift the nutrient limitation type of plants, e.g. from nitrogen (N)-limited to phosphorus (P)-limited. As the nutrient supply is expected to continue to grow, it is important to understand the patterns of nutrient limitation and their effects on species composition. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the long-term (39 years, 1968-2007) effects of varied fertilization schemes, i.e. N, P, PK, PK+90 kg ha−1 N, and PK+180 kg ha−1 N, on the species composition of a seminatural mountain grassland. In the first period of the experiment (13 years), NPK fertilization resulted in high yield and a considerably impoverished species composition, dominated by a single grass species (Holcus mollis). Plots fertilized with a single nutrient (N or P) developed a similar species composition to that of the control grassland (no fertilization) dominated by species typical of low-fertility habitats of the Nardo-Callunetea class. In the 1980s, the plots fertilized with NPK exhibited a considerable reduction in yield. Therefore, in the years 1993 and 1994 mowing was replaced by sheep grazing, and supplementary fertilization with micronutrients was applied. In 2007 the yield in the treatment fertilized with PK+180 kg ha−1 N was not restored, but the number of species increased. The species composition in the PK treatment became more similar to that of the plots treated with NPK. In contrast, changes in grasslands fertilized with single nutrients (N or P) were insignificant. To conclude, the factor that most strongly affected species composition was the increase in productivity caused by the addition of basic macronutrients. The addition of N or P alone does not significantly affect species composition if other elements limit the productivity of the grassland.
Prescribed burning (PB), the planned and controlled application of fire is a well-established tool for biodiversity conservation in a plethora of habitats globally. In European grasslands that are threatened hotspots of biodiversity, PB has the potential to address challenges related to several threats such as abandonment, climate change or invasive species. However, its potential is seldom realized both in experimental and real-world conditions. To increase the potential of PB in the management of European grasslands, we suggest adapting the fire regime concept in future studies and to determine optimal PB regimes based on experimental approaches, paleo-data and the disappearing traditional ecological knowledge. For the evidence-based evaluation of PB applicability, a decision support framework is suggested.
