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Some works of literature reported that fucoxanthin has diverse potential benefits for human health. Thus, this review would explain the sources of fucoxanthin, extraction techniques, bioactivities, and its potential application in Nutra- and cosmeceutical industries. Brown algae, such as Padina australis , Undaria pinnatifida ; and the microalgae,...
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... antioxidant [65,131,[140][141][142][143][144][145][146], skin protective effect [111,113,[147][148][149][150][151][152][153], neuroprotective activity [75,[155][156][157][158][159][160][161], osteoprotective effect [162,163], and eyes protective effect [164- 166]. The biological activities of fucoxanthin for human health are shown in Fig. 2. ...
Citations
... Much of these macroalgae are harvested and consumed as a traditional food in Asia, and used for fucoxanthin production may result in direct competition [13]. Apart from this, fucoxanthin contents in microalgae (1.0-2.5% of dry cell weight) are generally much higher than in macroalgae (0.01-0.1% of dry cell weight) [14]. Hence, cultivating microalgae like diatoms and haptophytes in controlled systems has attracted attention in recent years [15]. ...
The growing human population has put significant pressure on the market for food sources and nutritional supplements, necessitating careful consideration of high costs, supply, and long-term sustainability. The same is true for the biorefinery of carotenoids where the high extraction costs significantly raise the end-product costs. Many brown seaweeds and unicellular microalgae contain fucoxanthin, an orange-colored pigment found in their chloroplasts. Because of its several medicinal benefits (anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, etc), it is an important carotenoid. As a result, a lot of research is being done on fucoxanthin production and extraction from a variety of macroalgal and microalgal sources. When compared to other microalgae, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, a model diatom, is one of the most abundant producers of fucoxanthin. The focus of this paper is on extracting fucoxanthin from Phaeodactylum tricornutum, with Chaetoceros calcitrans and Isochrysis galbana receiving only a passing mention. The cultivation, harvesting, and drying processes of the aforesaid diatoms are briefly discussed in the upstream processing of fucoxanthin. The final section of this paper discusses various traditional (e.g., maceration extraction, Soxhlet extraction, and steam distillation) and new (e.g., Sc-CO2, ultrasound, microwave, pressured liquid, enzyme, and electric field-based extractions) extraction procedures for fucoxanthin. Finally, the limitations of present extraction strategies are discussed, as well as the potential for cost-effective technologies such as liquid biphasic flotation (LBF) to be used for fucoxanthin recovery.
... They are also commercially applicable in nutritional foods, medications, cosmetics and others (Merz & Main, 2017;Michalak et al., 2017;Wang et al., 2017;Aslam et al., 2021). The main HVAMs and their algal sources have been reported by many researchers, they are: alginates from Sargassum sinicola (Fauziee et al., 2021), astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis (Cheng et al., 2018;Hwang et al., 2020;Li et al., 2020;Molino et al., 2019bMolino et al., , 2018cSanzo et al., 2018), β-carotene from Dunaliella salina Tirado & Calvo, 2019), fucoxanthin from Undaria pinnatifida (Lourenço-Lopes et al., 2020;Aslam et al., 2021;Noviendri et al., 2021), fatty acids and triglycerides from Chlorella vulgaris, etc., (Safi et al., 2014;Yang et al., 2015;Obeid et al., 2018). These HVAMs are associated with high marketing. ...
... Another group of HVAMs derived with SCFE was carotenoids (Guedes et al., 2013a;Reyes et al., 2016;Cezare-Gomes et al., 2019). Differently polar carotenoids (carotenes and xanthophyll) were required for the use of co-solvent in these experiments (Tirado & Calvo, 2019;Noviendri et al., 2021). The percentage of co-solvent was varied from 1.5% to 20% (ethanol) in similar to EOs, while the yield was ranged between 0.1% and 1.0% (Table 5). ...
... The carotene and xanthophyll pigments are a significant element of the photosynthetic apparatus. They are also photo-protective agents against free radicals and harsh conditions in the environment, such as intensive solar radiation and ultraviolet (UV) (Guidi et al., 2016;Pangestuti et al., 2018;Noviendri et al., 2021). Naturally, carotenoids are produced in a wide variety of pigments with various ratios to produce the widest light energy spectrum. ...
Application of high-value algal metabolites (HVAMs) in cosmetics, additives, pigments, foods and medicines are very important. These HVAMs can be obtained from the cultivation of micro- and macro-algae. These metabolites can benefit human and animal health in a physiological and nutritional manner. However, because of conventional extraction methods and their energy and the use of pollutant solvents, the availability of HVAMs from algae remains insufficient. Receiving their sustainability and environmental benefits have recently made green extraction technologies for HVAM extractions more desirable. But very little information is available about the technology of green extraction of algae from these HVAM. This review, therefore, highlights the supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) as principal green extraction technology and their ideal parameters for extracting HVAMs. In first, general information is provided concerning the HVAMs and their components of macro and micro origin. The review also includes a description of SCFE technology's properties, instrumentation operation, solvents used, and the merits and demerits. Moreover, there are several HVAMs associated with their numerous high-level biological activities which include high-level antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antimicrobial activity and have potential health-beneficial effects in humans since they are all HVAMs, such as foods and nutraceuticals. Finally, it provides future insights, obstacles, and suggestions for selecting the right technologies for extraction.
Fucoxanthin (FX) is a carotenoid of marine origin primarily distributed in brown seaweeds and has garnered interest for its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Despite its potential, a comprehensive understanding of its anticancer effects and mechanisms of action remains elusive. The aim of this review is to present novel insights into the anticancer effects of FX, shedding light on previously unexplored molecular mechanisms and its synergistic potential with established chemotherapeutic agents. A comprehensive search was conducted employing databases like PubMed/MedLine, Scopus, and Web of Science to aggregate relevant pharmacological experimental studies. The results of the studies showed that FX exhibits anticancer activity against various cancer types, including breast, colorectal, and lung cancer, through multiple pathways: cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, and inhibition of angiogenesis. Additionally, FX po-tentiates the effects of existing chemotherapeutic agents, making it a potential candidate for combination therapies. The evidence suggests that FX possesses considerable anticancer properties, acting through diverse molecular mechanisms; the heterogeneity of study designs and the limited number of clinical trials make it hard to conclude. Further in-depth studies, particularly randomized controlled trials, are essential for validating FX's efficacy and for paving the way for its integration into standard cancer treatment regimens; additional research is needed to explore its pharmacokinetics, safety profile, and potential synergistic effects with existing chemotherapeutics.
Microalgae have great potential as a future source to meet the increasing global demand for foods. Several microalgae are permitted as safety sources in different countries and regions, and processed as commercial products. However, edible safety, economic feasibility, and acceptable taste are the main challenges for microalgal application in the food industry. Overcome such challenges by developing technology accelerates transition of microalgae into sustainable and nutritious diets. In this review, edible safety of Spirulina, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella, Haematococcus pluvialis, Dunaliella salina, Schizochytrium and Nannochloropsis is introduced, and health benefits of microalgae-derived carotenoids, amino acids, and fatty acids are discussed. Technologies of adaptive laboratory evolution, kinetic model, bioreactor design and genetic engineering are proposed to improve the organoleptic traits and economic feasibility of microalgae. Then, current technologies of decoloration and de-fishy are summarized to provide options for processing. Novel technologies of extrusion cooking, delivery systems, and 3D bioprinting are suggested to improve food quality. The production costs, biomass values, and markets of microalgal products are analyzed to reveal the economic feasibility of microalgal production. Finally, challenges and future perspectives are proposed. Social acceptance is the major limitation of microalgae-derived foods, and further efforts are required toward the improvement of processing technology.
Fukosantin adalah salah satu pigmen yang dihasilkan pada biosintetis karatenoid yang berkontribusi lebih dari 10% dari jumlah total karatenoid di alam, salah satunya ditemukan pada rumput laut cokelat Sargassum sp. Ini merupakan salah satu jenis rumput laut cokelat yang distribusinya cukup dominan di pantai Kalianda Lampung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan purifikasi fukosantin dari rumput laut cokelat Sargassum sp. yang berpotensi sebagai agen antioksidan untuk bidang kesehatan. Desain penelitian adalah eksperimental dengan sampel penelitian yaitu rumput laut cokelat Sargassum sp. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah maserasi tunggal dengan pelarut etanol. Ekstrak kasar etanol yang diperoleh digunakan untuk uji fitokimia, lalu dilanjutkan proses purifikasi dengan menggunakan kromatografi kolom terbuka silika gel. Fukosantin hasil purifikasi dianalisis kandungannya dengan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (KCKT). Fukosantin hasil purifikasi diuji aktivitas antioksidannya dengan metode 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH). Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kasar etanol Sargassum sp. terdeteksi mengandung senyawa aktif berupa alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, triterpenoid dan saponin. Hasil analisis KLT menunjukkan bahwa fraksi fukosantin hasil purifikasi menghasilkan spot utama dengan Rf sebesar 0,5; dan hasil analisis KCKT diperoleh kandungan fukosantin sebesar 0,59 mg/g. Aktivitas antioksidan fraksi fukosantin mempunyai nilai IC50 = 87,64 ppm. Hal ini menujukkan bahwa fraksi fukosantin Sargassum sp. memiliki potensi dalam bidang kesehatan sebagai antioksidan alami.
Sargassum brown seaweed is a very useful type of seaweed. This is due to the high antioxidant content in sargassum. Antioxidants are known to be one of the compounds that are useful for increasing immunity, which is very necessary in dealing with the spread of Covid19 virus which is currently happening. One of the sargassum contents which is known to have antioxidant activity is fucoxanthin. This research aims to predict the extraction of fucoxanthin from sargassum siliquosum using machine learning methods. Neural network models and support vector machines were used to predict the extraction of fucoxanthin from seaweed sargassum siliquosum. Experimental data of the fucoxanthin extraction process were used to predict fucoxanthin extracted from sargassum using Orange software with the cross validation method. The results of the analysis show that the machine learning neural network and support vector machine models can be used to predict fucoxanthin extracted from sargassum siliquosum well with RMSE values 36,755, R 2 0.969 for neural networks and RMSE values 39,140, R 2 0.965 for support vector machine.
ABSTRAK Rumput laut coklat jenis sargassum merupakan salah satu jenis rumput laut yang sangat bermanfaat. Hal ini disebakan oleh kandungan antioksidan dalam sargassum yang tinggi. Antioksidan diketahui merupakan salah satu senyawa yang bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh yang sangat diperlukan dalam menghadapi penyebaran virus Covid19 yang sedang terjadi saat ini. Salah satu kandungan sargassum yang diketahui memiliki aktifitas antioksidan adalah fukosantin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi ekstraksi fukosantin dari sargassum siliquosum dengan metode machine learning. Model yang digunakan untuk memprediksi ekstraksi fukosantin dari rumput laut sargassum siliquosum yaitu neural network dan support vector machine. Data eksperimen proses ekstraksi fukosantin digunakan untuk memprediksi fukosantin dengan menggunakan software Orange dengan metode cross validation. Hasil analisa menunjukan bahwa model machine learning neural network dan support vector machine dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi fukosantin yang diekstrak dari sargassum siliquosum dengan baik dengan nilai RMSE 36.755, R 2 0.969 untuk neural network dan nilai RMSE 39.140, R 2 0.965 untuk support vector machine. Kata kunci: fukosantin, sargassum siliquosum, machine learning, neural network, support vector machine.
