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Loneliness threatens public mental wellbeing during COVID-19. In response, YouTube creators participated in the #StayHome #WithMe movement (SHWM) and made myriad videos for people experiencing loneliness or boredom at home. User-shared videos generate parasocial attachment and virtual connectedness. However, there is limited knowledge of how creato...
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... on Weiss's framework, the three research questions examine how SHWM videos provide social provisions and whether they affect viewer engagement. This section describes the structure of the study and the factors examined in the data analysis (Figure 1). ...
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... on Weiss's framework, the three research questions examine how SHWM videos provide social provisions and whether they affect viewer engagement. This section describes the structure of the study and the factors examined in the data analysis ( Figure 1). ...
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... reached a substantial agreement on the video styles during the discriminant analysis (í µí°¹í µí±í µí±í µí±í µí± í µí± ′ í µí±í µí±í µí±í µí±í µí± = 0.725, í µí± < 0.001). The resulted video styles are presented in Table 2 and example videos can be found in Figure 11. least 5000 tasks with an accuracy of 97% or higher. ...
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... Styles of #StayHome #WithMe. The comparison revealed that in contrast to the distribution in [12] (overall video category distribution in 2015), SHWM had more videos in "Entertainment", "Howto & Style", "People & Blogs", and "Education" (Figure 12). There were 20.36% "Howto & Style" videos and 12.63% "Education" videos in SHWM, in contrast to their 5.1% and 2.9% overall proportions. ...
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... result indicates that during the COVID-19 quarantine, YouTubers used #StayHome #WithMe hashtags to entertain, share advice and tips with, and present personal life and vlogs to their viewers to help them avoid or mitigate loneliness. The encoding of video styles reveals similar results: how-to, artistic, homelife, chatting, and game were the five most common video styles ( Figure 13). The style distribution suggests that the most common ways for YouTubers to build parasocial relationships and help with loneliness were showing step-oriented and knowledge building videos, making entertaining videos by demonstrating artistic or gaming skills, and showing a video of home activities or chatting to the audience (See Table 5 for example videos). ...
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... average rating of COVID-19 mentioning was 0.55, between "none" and "low" mentioning. Only 21 videos (1.41%) were rated as highly mentioned COVID-19 pandemic, whereas 615 videos (41.33%) did not even mention the pandemic (see distribution in Figure 14). Wilcoxon test with posthoc pair-wise comparisons (í µí¼ 2 (8) = 141.70, ...
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... were the most-supported provisions ( Figure 15). Attachment and reassurance of worth had a similar amount of videos offering them. ...
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... Fisher's exact test was the posthoc to identify associations between styles and provisions (í µí»¼ = 0.0056 after Bonferroni correction). Figure 16 shows the percentages of videos in different video styles offering each social provision. Figure 17 illustrates significant association between video styles and social provisions. ...
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... 16 shows the percentages of videos in different video styles offering each social provision. Figure 17 illustrates significant association between video styles and social provisions. Red ones are negative associations. ...
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... SHWM, social integration was a pervasive social provision provided by most video styles. Except for religious videos, the participants rated more than 49% videos in all other styles to provide social integration ( Figure 16). The LR model revealed a collective significant effect of í µí± í µí±¡í µí±¦í µí±í µí± and í µí±í µí±í µí±£ on í µí±í µí±í µí±¡í µí±í µí±í µí±í µí±í µí±¡í µí±í µí±í µí± (í µí¼ 2 (9) = 98.45, í µí± 2 = 0.05, í µí± < 0.0001), with í µí± í µí±¡í µí±¦í µí±í µí± and í µí±í µí±í µí±£ having significant variable effects (í µí± í µí± í µí±¡ í µí±¦í µí±í µí± < 0.0001, í µí± í µí±í µí±í µí±£ = 0.0017). ...
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... LR model revealed a collective significant effect of í µí± í µí±¡í µí±¦í µí±í µí± and í µí±í µí±í µí±£ on í µí±í µí±í µí±¡í µí±í µí±í µí±í µí±í µí±¡í µí±í µí±í µí± (í µí¼ 2 (9) = 98.45, í µí± 2 = 0.05, í µí± < 0.0001), with í µí± í µí±¡í µí±¦í µí±í µí± and í µí±í µí±í µí±£ having significant variable effects (í µí± í µí± í µí±¡ í µí±¦í µí±í µí± < 0.0001, í µí± í µí±í µí±í µí±£ = 0.0017). Posthoc revealed that artistic, challenge, game, and review had significantly more videos providing social integration (Figure 17). While how-to and religious had significantly fewer videos related to social integration than other styles. ...
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... µí± 2 = 0.45, í µí± < 0.0001, í µí± í µí± í µí±¡ í µí±¦í µí±í µí± < 0.0001, í µí± í µí±í µí±í µí±£ = 0.0290). In contrast to social integration, guidance was a provision primarily supported by how-to videos (Figure 17). Posthoc showed that only the how-to style had a significantly higher proportion (88.77%) of videos that provide guidance. ...
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... µí± 2 = 0.11, í µí± < 0.0001, í µí± í µí± í µí±¡ í µí±¦í µí±í µí± < 0.0001, í µí± í µí±í µí±í µí±£ < 0.0001). Posthoc suggested that chatting, homelife, and religious videos had significantly higher proportions of videos providing attachment, while challenge, game, and how-to had significantly fewer ( Figure 17). In chatting videos, YouTubers interacted with the audience through face-to-face talking, which gave the audience a sense of attachment. ...
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... µí± 2 = 0.08, í µí± < 0.0001, í µí± í µí± í µí±¡ í µí±¦í µí±í µí± < 0.0001, í µí± í µí±í µí±í µí±£ < 0.0001). Posthoc analysis suggested that homelife, chatting, and religious videos had significantly more videos with í µí±í µí±¢í µí±í µí±¡í µí±¢í µí±í µí±í µí±í µí±í µí± ( Figure 17). The coefficient of í µí±í µí±í µí±£ in the model was 0.81 (í µí¼ 2 = 74.01, ...
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... µí± í µí±í µí±í µí±£ < 0.0001), which indicates that higher COVID-19 mentioning was associated with a higher chance of providing nurturance. For í µí±í µí±í µí±í µí±í µí±í µí±í µí±í µí±, posthoc analysis showed that chatting and religious videos were associated with í µí±í µí±í µí±í µí±í µí±í µí±í µí±í µí± (Fig- ure 17). The coefficient of í µí±í µí±í µí±£ in the LR model was 0.58 (í µí¼ 2 = 15.7, ...
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... showed that artistic is the only video style positively associated with this social provision. 163 out of 340 artistic videos were tagged to support reassurance of worth, while homelife, religious, review, and story videos had significantly fewer videos with this provision (Figure 17). Considering that artistic videos also provided social integration, participants considered that YouTubers presented artistic content or performance to entertain viewers while hoping their skills and abilities can be acknowledged. ...
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... comparison with Dunn method suggested religious and homelife videos had significantly higher positive word frequencies than game, challenge, artistic, chatting, how-to, and story videos (all í µí± < 0.0089, Figure 18). Providing specific social provisions didn't alter viewers' emotional expression in the comments. ...
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Loneliness threatens public mental wellbeing during COVID-19. In response, YouTube creators participated in the #StayHome #WithMe movement (SHWM) and made myriad videos for people experiencing loneliness or boredom at home. User-shared videos generate parasocial attachment and virtual connectedness. However, there is limited knowledge of how creato...
