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![The Re:START Mall [32].](publication/345478377/figure/fig2/AS:978067283509250@1610200820680/The-ReSTART-Mall-32.png)
![Figure 3. The Re:START Mall [32].](publication/345478377/figure/fig2/AS:978067283509250@1610200820680/The-ReSTART-Mall-32_Q320.jpg)
![Figure 6. Various placemaking initiatives at the Commons [34]. (Top...](publication/345478377/figure/fig4/AS:978067287724033@1610200821332/arious-placemaking-initiatives-at-the-Commons-34-Top-left-Catalyst-project-the_Q320.jpg)
![Figure 7. An overview of the Resilient Greater Christchurch Framework [7].](publication/345478377/figure/fig5/AS:978067287703556@1610200821574/An-overview-of-the-Resilient-Greater-Christchurch-Framework-7_Q320.jpg)
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... first case study, the Re:START Mall (see Figure 3), was a temporary container mall located in Cashel Mall, the central city's main retail street. The mall was initially established in 2011 by the Restart the Heart Trust and financially supported by the Christchurch Earthquake Appeal Trust and Auckland Savings Bank (ASB). ...
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There is now good evidence for former terrestrial landscapes on the Ontong Java Nui plateau and its derivatives, as well as other Pacific plateaus and intra-plate hotspots (Heads 2012). This geological structure provides a geological and geographic mechanism for the persistence of ancestral terrestrial and coastal marine distributions within the Pa...
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... In addition, building on pre-disaster existing social capital and a sense of community during the recovery process, placemaking activities may increase the chances for a community's engagement and commitments to rethinking how they want to rebuild and regenerate disaster-affected areas. This strategy can lead to disaster affected communities embracing collaborative processes, temporary and adaptive disaster recovery principles, and a range of placemaking responses that could help minimize social, spatial and temporal gaps [38]. ...
... This depicts a city with a thriving business sector and economy with the availability of new residents moving to the city to build a life. In practice, this was seen in projects such as the Re:Start mall, where shipping containers were used to accommodate businesses without premises, along with the Festival of Transitional Architecture (FESTA) which creates urban creativity through crowdfunding and local sponsorship efforts to support the community (Brand et al. 2019). ...
With the rise of social media, new analytical tools are coming to light and are becoming widely used within the analysis of disasters, including earthquakes. Social media, such as Twitter, presents an ideal opportunity to assess the opinions of residents and users across the world. This paper uses this opportunity to identify the successes and failure of post-disaster recovery by using sentiment analysis of 9th and 10th Anniversary tweets for the case study of Christchurch, New Zealand for the February 2011 earthquake. Polarity of tweets were defined through supervised classification, and it was found that 61% of related tweets were positive, 16% were negative and 23% were neutral for the 9th Anniversary analysis and 26.6% of related tweets were positive, 22.3% were negative and 44.6% were neutral for the 10th Anniversary analysis. It was found that sentiment analysis was an ideal tool for identifying community insights, some of which may have been neglected in official reports of recovery. These tweets also present a number of shortcomings regarding the decision – making process during recovery, where these shortcomings can be used as lessons for future disasters. Albeit the presentation of failure, there were also multiple success stories which can have had positive impacts on Christchurch as a city.
... Closer to home, there was the Wahine disaster (1968) With legislative responsibilities for the quality of air, water, coastal, land, and biodiversity, and the management of waste, drainage, water reticulation, building codes, urban and rural development, civil defence and transport networks, plus promoting the social, cultural, economic and environmental well-being of their territorial areas, local and regional government is at the centre of many of these natural and anthropogenic events. For example, Christchurch City Council responded following the 2011 earthquake, providing potable water, re-opening roads and storm water and subsequently taking a leadership role in the redevelopment of the city (Billings and Charman, 2011;Brand et al, 2019). Dunedin City Council is facing issues as rainfall, sea level rise, and king-tides regularly inundate the suburb of South Dunedin, where flat land was reclaimed from the sea (DCC, 2020;ORC, 2021). ...
The purpose of this study is to research the relationship between organisational culture, adaptability, resilience, and collaboration. This is predicated on a background of ongoing natural and anthropogenic events, like earthquakes and climate change with accumulative and impending impacts. Local government is a key organisation as these events unfold and will need to meet the challenges presented by this dynamic environment, while still maintaining community infrastructure and services.
This thesis undertook a review of the local government sector in New Zealand and a broad literature review to seek a theoretical and empirical framework. A quantitative survey methodology was adopted in the research phase, applying four reputable instruments – the Organisational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI), the adaptability scales from Denison’s Organisational Culture Survey, the Benchmark Resilience Tool (BRT-13b) from Resilient Organisations NZ (RONZ), and Thomson et al’s Collaboration Scales.
Response was received from 27 local authorities and 474 participants, providing a robust statistical foundation.
This study uncovered two unique areas of enquiry. Firstly, it established the elements that make up the organisational culture of local government in NZ. Secondly, results from the research clearly indicated a statistically significant positive relationship between organisational cultures that demonstrate the characteristics of the ‘collaborate’ and ‘create’ cultures, as per the OCAI, and adaptability and resilience. Furthermore, the research indicated that an organisational culture that has the characteristics of a ‘compete’ culture is the least adaptable, resilient, and collaborative. Respondents to the survey sought organisational cultures that were considerably more creative and collaborative in the future.
Strategies are proposed for changing organisational culture so that it becomes more adaptable, resilient, and collaborative.
Keywords: organisational culture; adaptability; resilience; collaboration; local government; climate change.
... The RFH makes an essential contribution to the disaster relief supply by providing essential food for the communities during disasters and post disasters. In the time of pandemics, such as today, RFH could also function as a Food Resilience Network (FRN) to make food available, affordable, accessible, and hygienic for communities affected by the pandemic (Brand et al., 2019;Berno, 2017;Dasaklis et al., 2012). The pandemic might raise food deficiency due to the obstruction of the food supply chain. ...
... The determination of the scenario takes into account aspects of the food system, sustainability, and health regulations (Hobbs, 2020;Sharpe et al., 2020;Djalante et al., 2020;Brand et al., 2019;Mittal et al., 2018;Brinkley, 2018;Ge et al., 2018;Levkoe et al., 2018;Dasaklis et al., 2012). The food system should be developed with consideration of food security and food safety (Galanakis, 2020;Rizou et al., 2020). ...
This paper discusses an optimization model for handling the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic based on food supply network through regional food hubs (RFHs) under uncertainty. To this end, uncertainty is assumed in the demand and production data. During the Pandemic COVID-19 period, uncertainty has increased and the food supply chain system has changed. Thus, a new configuration of the food supply network requires analysis. In this paper, the concept of RFH is introduced to connect producers in rural areas and customers in urban areas. This paper determines the location and capacity of RFHs, the food supply network, the sum of maximum food supplies, and minimum logistics cost. This is done via a Multi-Objective Many-to-Many Location-Routing Problem model. Furthermore, since the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic is uncertain, robust optimization is employed to handle uncertainties. During the current pandemic, red zones are defined to indicate the severity of the pandemic in a region. In this paper, the numerical experiment is considered for three scenarios: when a region is in large-scale social distancing, partial social distancing, or normal conditions. This social distancing situation is based on the defined red zones. The optimal food supply network is obtained for the three scenarios and the best scenario among the three is identified.
Disaster recovery requires urgent but thoughtful decision-making in the face of scarce resources, making it essential to prioritize projects that will strengthen community resilience and functionality. Disasters, defined as sudden, catastrophic events that disrupt the functioning of communities and cause significant human, material, economic, or environmental losses, create a pressing need for effective prioritization. Effective prioritization considers structural integrity, safety, economic viability, social impact, and environmental sustainability. However, a systematic framework to guide resource prioritization in post-disaster recovery is lacking. To address the gap in systematic prioritization, this research aims to develop a clear framework that guides post-disaster rebuilders in the efficient allocation of scarce resources based on resilience and equity principles. Results were achieved by investigating a total of 273 experts in post-disaster reconstruction, with 62 % possessing over ten years of experience. Top findings indicate that structural integrity and functionality are the most important. In addition, safety considerations in terms of immediate access for responders (85.0 %) are crucial, along with social requirements, including the impacts on affected populations (85.9 %) and vulnerable groups (77.7 %).Economic considerations prioritize funding availability (76.8 %) and resource access (70.6 %), while environmental concerns highlight public health impacts (82.6 %) and environmental hazards (81.1 %). The findings emphasize the need for the development of a holistic, evidence-based prioritization smart system that will balance immediate recovery needs with long-term resilience objectives. Those actionable insights aim to support policymakers and practitioners to discussions on how strategic resource allocation may help build resilience and ensure adequate, equitable recovery in disaster-stricken areas.
Since its emergence in the latter half of the 20th century, the concept of place making has undergone substantial evolution. To fully comprehend how this concept has transformed and encountered diverse trajectories, it is beneficial to examine its evolutionary path over time. Therefore, this paper aims to conduct a thorough review of the literature surrounding the expanding matrix of place making through a combination of bibliometric analysis and selective review. The paper seeks to undertake a comprehensive evaluation of nine interrelated paradigms of
place making as a subfield of urban planning and design. These are, namely, late 20th century place making, sustainable place making, digital place making, democratic place making, creative place making, strategic place making, healthy place making, resilient place making, and post-pandemic place making. Results reveal that there has been a transition toward community-based participation and a stronger emphasis on social and environmental elements. Also, there has been a shift from emphasizing functional spaces to promoting community building, social connectivity, healthy, and resilient environments via long-term strategies as well as the deployment of smart city and digital technologies.
The COVID-19 pandemic has proven to be a social and economic disruptor on a global scale, severely curtailing people’s ability to travel and engage in many recreation activities. Periodic lockdown and stay-at-home orders have exacerbated the situation. In this social climate, urban green spaces have attained a high significance for the maintenance of the physical and mental health of the population. Given the presence of similar coronaviruses in animal populations, it can be predicted that future epidemics and even pandemics will occur. Urban planning needs to incorporate the lessons learnt during COVID-19 in order to future-proof our communities. This paper reviews the role that urban green spaces played during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on these observations, the paper discusses a range of options for the provision of pandemic-sensitive spaces for physical exercise and mental recreation. Design concepts for long-term planning adjustments as well as for future ad-hoc solutions are provided. These include the provision of social distancing ‘pods’ embedded in design and landscaping of permanent parks, the design of ad-hoc, socially distanced ‘parklets’ on a quietened street and a rethink of the design of curb-to-boundary setbacks (nature strip) in residential streets.
