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The N-S and E-W axes of Stonehenge, at present azimuths with the center of the plane determining the azimuths at the very center of the outer ring circle – this being the monument's omphalos. The possible azimuth of these two axes at the time of Phase 3 II construction is also shown. The N-S and E-W axes are critical in discussing the layout of the broader site (and floor) plan and in specific stones #4, #12, #19 and #57. See for more discussion on this topic the section of the paper on azimuths, as they were then and now, and Note 1. Source: the author.
Source publication
The paper analyzes the Stonehenge Phase 3 II Architecture, modular structure, and their connection to the sun-induced cast-off shadows from its sarsens, and the motion of the shadows over the course of a day and throughout the year. It establishes that a direct link exists between the size of certain shadows and the design of the monument. It furth...
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Citations
... [1. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. ...
The Mathematics and embedded Astronomy are explored of the almost elliptical in shape Minoan 5-priestess gold signet ring of the c 1450 BC Mycenaean “Griffin Warrior” tomb at Pylos found during the 2015 archeological excavation there. It is documented that the shape of the ring is extremely close, albeit not exactly identical, to the true ellipse of an identical major and minor axes. The likely knowledge of ellipses possessed by the ring’s maker is identified. In the paper, a detailed description of the ring’s iconography is also offered, which to an extent differs from the current archeologists’ based description. The iconography’s Astronomy, is found to be associated with a ceremony dedicated to the fertility of Mother Earth, that quite likely was taking place around the Winter Solstice. An estimate of the ceremony’s duration, eighteen days, is also obtained, as having been engraved onto the ring’s iconography.
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The paper explores the use of shadows in the very design of Classical Greek temples. It also analyzes the role of cast-off and carry-on shadows in the Temples' morphology by utilizing the author's General Dynamical Theory of Shadows. Further, the paper produces a comparative analysis of five Classical Greek Temples. It also supplies an new angle to the Parthenon Marbles' inappropriate housing in Museums
This is an update of the paper under the same title by the author. It contains editorial corrections and the formal permission by the University of Cincinnati Dept. of Classics to use the image of the ring.
The paper is an updated version of the December 2, 2017 paper under an identical title by this author. It incorporates in it exact measurements of the ring (received by the author on December 3, 2017). The paper strengthens and expands on the findings of the previous paper, as well as it amends and extends the prior analysis. Editorial corrections are also carried out.
This short paper’s limited objective is to provide the temporal dynamics of shadows for locations
on the Earth’s latitudes close to, on and below the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere,
as well as on the Earth’s Equator. It sets the stage for presenting the dynamics of shadows’
lengths in the Earth’s Temperate zone, within the framework of which the intended role of
shadows implanted on the Classical Greek Temples (discussed in the paper of reference [1.6]) is
to be set. Here, subjects such a basic bifurcation, phase transitions and the overall dynamics of
monoliths’ shadows within the 0
to 23
26’13”N of Earth latitudes are analyzed and the
qualitative features of their lengths’ changes over the course of a day and a year are shown, for
the case of Sun-induced shadows with sharply delineated borders. The paper sets the stage for
highlighting the importance of the Temperate Zone’ shadow qualities in the rise of Classical Greek
Temples, to the extent that shadows were incorporated into their design proper.
