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The Internet of Things, users in billions. (Info graphic The Connectives based on Cisco data) VIII. Conclusion Fog computing advantages for services are in several domains, such as Smart Grid, wireless sensor networks, Internet of Things (IoT) and software defined networks (SDNs).This paper examined the general security issues and main privacy issues in fog and cloud computing.
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Fog computing is the pattern that extends cloud computing and services to the edge of the network. This is similar to cloud computing. Fog provides data compute storage and application services to end users. The motivation of fog computing lies in a series of real scenarios such as smart grid, smart traffic lighters in vehicular networks and softwa...
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Citations
... Services of Fog Computing vs. cloud computing[11],[12] ...
... Services of Fog Computing vs. cloud computing[11],[12] ...
... FC is the expansion of cloud computing to the networks' edge; this term was coined by Cisco, "an American multinational technology conglomerate corporation [8]". Thus, fogging or edge computing is an extended version of the cloud that facilitates computing, storage, infrastructure, and networking services to computing data centers and endusers [9]. ...
The recent age of cloud computing (CC) has witnessed significant breakthroughs, notably in IoT (Internet of Things), Edge computing, Fog computing, 5G, and subsequently 6G technology. CC allows individuals and businesses to store, process, and manage their data via cloud-enabled systems to facilitate scalability, adaptability, and interconnectivity. The appropriate implementation of numerous cloud computing models aids firms in digital transformation and development with maximum productivity. However, CC integration with IoT allows an extraordinary capability and boosts economies’ ability to develop at a fast pace. Meanwhile, due to the rapid expansion of IoT, the current cloud network cannot keep abreast of the growing data loads and processing extremities, particularly in real-time. Even the most cutting-edge cloud providers are experiencing an inordinate strain as a result of the growing number of consumer and corporate devices connected to the IoT. While it has a centralized design, it lacks bandwidth and has downtime issues. High latency, lack of location awareness, outage concerns, etc., are among the issues that cloud services for IoT confront. Furthermore, due to uninterrupted operating states, the massive volume of data created by the IoT is increasing enormously. IoT devices are creating a flood of data, disrupting predictable data processing and analytics capabilities well managed by the cloud. As a result, securing this ocean of data has become an elite concern for researchers and cyber experts, as organizations jeopardize their reputation and users’ privacy and security. Fog computing (FC) technology has been used, which analyses and acts on the data by bringing the cloud close to the commodities, ultimately reducing the response time. This paper aims to explore various other challenges and issues of incorporating FC into analyzing IoT data.
... Gateways are designed with the aim of providing a better way of storing and organizing the data [91]. The key components those are associated with the development of fog architecture includes device, fog computing and cloud for handling the complex data [98]. This ensures that the speed, latency, and variety are being designed properly for managing the performance. ...
Fog computing architecture is referred to the architecture that is distributed over the geographical area. This architectural arrangement mainly focuses on physical and logical network elements, and software for the purpose of implementing proper network. Fog computing architecture allows the users to have a flexible communication and also ensures that the storage services are maintained efficiently for the purpose of managing the data. However, it has been observed that in the field of education fog computing architecture has gained huge importance due to its real time application feature. The main objective of the survey is to develop a systematic literature review for the technology of fog computing in the education IoT system. The survey will also focus on evaluating the essential factors that has a crucial role in the fields of education as well as investigating the limitation and findings associated with the fog computing technologies in educational systems from the perspective of privacy, security, and agility.
... Most of the IoT based devices such as Smart-phones, Smart-watches, health monitoring, and drug delivery wireless devices are of limited power, storage, and computing capabilities. Therefore they rely heavily on the cloud data centers to collect huge amounts of sensed data and for analyzing it, in addition, to providing many of services and features to end user like accessibility, scalability, mobility, providing resources for storage and computation functions with low cost, etc. [5,6]. ...
... In the smart home, all devices send a signal in every few seconds to the server provider (cloud) to calculate the rate of consumption of energy, but that causes congestion on the networks and enables cloud to aggregate very specific information about the lifestyle of users to give him reports about his devices and their usage energy [5,35]. ...
Edge computing (EC) has emerged as an
attractive and interesting topic for research. It is an
extension of cloud computing, used for non-centralized
computing with various new features and solutions. In
particular, edge computing deals with Internet of Things
(IoT) based applications and services. Fog, which sometimes is also referred as edge, is basically a type of EC
model, and its features can support a wide range of
applications and services of IoT. In this article, we shall
explore importance of Fog in IoT applications. In this
paper, we shall provide a comprehensive comparison
between Fog and cloud. In the process, we shall also provide practical examples to explain the importance of
exploiting each of the properties or attributes of Fog which
play critical role in facilitating new applications. In addition, we have proposed some novel applications of Fog for
protecting the privacy in IOT based applications
... Fog computing, a term first used by Cisco, evolves the Cloud to an extent closer to end-devices and users with the motivation of hosting the time-sensitive applications [4]. Fog computing has decreased the distance between the end users and the Cloud. ...
An ever-increasing number of different types of objects are connecting to the Internet, and this phenomenon is called the Internet of Things(IoT). Processing the IoT generated data by Cloud Computing causes high latency. Fog Computing is a new motivation for resolving the latency issue, which is a hosting environment between the IoT and the Cloud layers. IoT applications are faced with three significant challenges: big data, device heterogeneity, and Fog resiliency. With the motivation of resolving the challenges, this proposal introduces a Microservice software framework for implementing automatic functions in the IoT-Fog-Cloud ecosystem. The proposed Microservice framework will also enable the development of IoT-based context-aware intelligent decision-making systems. We describe the functionality and contribution of each automatic function in the paper.
... Dastjerdi et al. [8] defined fog computing to be as the distributed computing environment extending the services of cloud computing to one-hop distance from the user. Fog computing technology provides networking, computation, storage and management services between the end-users (edges) and the cloud data centers [9,10]. This supports protocols for communication, mobility, resources to perform computing, distributed analysis of data and integration of cloud for addressing latency-sensitive applications that need minimum delay. ...
Cloud computing plays a vital role in processing a large amount of data. However, with the arrival of the Internet of Things, huge data are generated from these devices. Thus, there is the need for bringing characteristics of cloud closer to the request generator, so that processing of these huge data takes place at one-hop distance closer to that end user. This led to the emergence of fog computing with the aim to provide storage and computation at the edge of the network that reduces network traffic and overcomes many cloud computing drawbacks. Fog computing technology helps to overcome challenges of big data processing. The paper discusses the taxonomy of fog computing, how this is different from cloud computing and edge computing technologies, its applications, emerging key technologies (i.e., communication technologies and storage technologies) and various challenges involved in fog technology.
The rapid growth of new technologies in power systems requires real-time monitoring and control of bidirectional data communication and electric power flow. Cloud computing has centralized architecture and is not scalable towards the emerging internet of things (IoT) landscape of the grid. Further, under large-scale integration of renewables, this framework could be bogged down by congestion, latency, and subsequently poor quality of service (QoS). This calls for a distributed architecture called fog computing, which imbibes both clouds as well as the end-devices to collect, process, and act upon the data locally at the edge for low latency applications prior to forwarding them to the cloud for more complex operations. Fog computing offers high performance and interoperability, better scalability and visibility, and greater availability in comparison to a grid relying only on the cloud. In this chapter, a prospective research roadmap, future challenges, and opportunities to apply fog computing on smart grid systems is presented.
