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Many serious real-life problems could be simulated using cellular automata theory. There were a lot of fires in public places which kill many people. Proposed method, called Cellular Automata Evaluation (CAEva in short), is using cellular automata theory and could be used for checking buildings conditions for fire accident. The tests performed on r...
Citations
... It remains natural to develop in the direction of sustainability and meeting energy and food needs, as well as in the areas of safety, health, science and work, including their remote varieties. Priorities set in this way must influence both the strategic objectives, planning, operation and modernization of IoT/IIoT and AI/ML solutions within Industry 4.0 [43][44][45]. Greener solutions with a smaller carbon footprint and easier recycling or closed-loop operation will be promoted. The transition to renewable energy sources and electric vehicles within the European Union alone has the potential to change the picture of the future world, although it will be a multi-year process requiring the modernization of many industrial systems. ...
... [30] Modified cellular automaton models were also proposed by many scholars to dynamically simulate the diffusion process of fire in the center of a room. [31,32] Ding et al. [33] used the cellular automaton model to simulate the effect of evacuee fatigue on evacuation in a fire evacuation. Wang et al. [34] established an improved cellular automaton model to simulate the effect of the psychological characteristics of the elderly on the fire evacuation time in a nursing home fire evacuation. ...
This study proposes a modified cellular automaton to simulate passenger ship fire evacuation. A fire dynamics simulator (FDS) is used to simulate the firing process for the passenger ship. The generated carbon monoxide (CO) concentration, temperature, and visibility are converted into equivalent lengths and input to the equivalent field of the modified cellular automaton. The fire field is applied to keep the evacuees away from the fire. And game theory is adopted to solve the conflict in the choice of route for evacuees. With or without fire on the passenger ship, three different evacuees’ densities are used to study the influence of different proportions of evacuees who are familiar with exits during the evacuation time. The positions of exits are also studied. The results show that when the fire release rate increases from 3000 to 8000 kW s⁻² for the same evacuation scenario, the earliest time that evacuees are in danger is 50% earlier. The impact of fire on evacuees is greater than that of evacuees’ density. In the case of two close exits or exits close to the bulkheads, the congestion near exits is obvious and has the greatest effect on the evacuation time of the high evacuees’ density.
... Cellular Automata applications can be found in several areas, such as ecological models of succession in vegetation [17], urban growth [18,19], deforestation and fire propagation [20,21], fluid dynamics simulation and physical systems [22,23], urban traffic simulation [24], scattering study epidemics [25,7]. Techniques are applied in CA, either to achieve better forecasting results or searching for better model parameters via optimization algorithms. ...
Computer simulation of land dynamics have been widely used for several proposes, for example in epidemiological models. Cellular Automata (CA) is one of the strategies capable of predicting future land states over time based on a set of transitional rules. Building this set is not a straightforward task. It may require technical knowledge about the process, through years of scientific research. If machine learning techniques are applied, there is still the challenge of finding the best set of hyperparameters. In this context, the main goal of this paper is presenting a different approach of CA transitional rules set construction, based exclusively on historical data of a phenomenon. A multivariate Fuzzy Time Series (FTS) model is applied to learn and represent the local rules of the automaton. Therefore, we combine FTS and CA into an integrated modeling technique. The proposed approach was able to predict future behavior of a CA, with errors around 12%, confirming the potential of FTS transitional rules for CA.KeywordsCellular automataFuzzy time seriesLand cover land usageDynamics modeling
... Facing emergencies such as hurricanes, tsunamis, fires, and poisonous gas leakage [1], some methods were proposed to find the optimal path according to the prior information [2,3], and the methods are not suitable for the emergency evacuation when the situations are significantly different from the prior information. Studies have shown that fire is the most frequent accident among the above emergencies [4][5][6], and it gets more attention from researchers since fire accidents frequently cause huge losses to mankind; then, this paper takes fire accident as an example to introduce the proposed algorithm principle. e evacuation environment includes route topology, exit location, evacuee size, and people distribution, and changes of each element bring different evacuation paths. ...
In order to find the optimal path for emergency evacuation, this paper proposes a dynamic path optimization algorithm based on real-time information to search the optimal path and it takes fire accident as an example to introduce the algorithm principle. Before the accidents, it uses the Dijkstra algorithm to get the prior evacuation network which includes evacuation paths from each node to the exit port. When the accidents occur, the evacuees are unable to pass through the passage where the accident point and the blocking point are located, then the proposed method uses the breadth-first search strategy to solve the path optimization problem based on the prior evacuation network, and it dynamically updates the evacuation path according to the real-time information. Because the prior evacuation network includes global optimal evacuation paths from each node to the exit port, the breadth-first search algorithm only searches local optimal paths to avoid the blockage node or dangerous area. Because the online optimization solves a local pathfinding problem and the entire topology optimization is an offline calculation, the proposed method can find the optimal path in a short time when the accident situation changes. The simulation tests the performances of the proposed algorithm with different situations based on the topology of a building, and the results show that the proposed algorithm is effective to get the optimal path in a short time when it faces changes caused by the factors such as evacuee size, people distribution, blockage location, and accident points.
... They ideally suit the large-scale computer simulations and have the ability to express many collective behaviors. However, CA models can not describe the interaction among pedestrians as accurately as possible, especially when the crowd density is high [21,[29][30] , which can be solved by SF models. ...
Crowd evacuation in different situations is an important topic in the research field of safety. This paper presents a hybrid model for heterogeneous pedestrian evacuation simulation. Our adaptive agent-based model (ABM) combines the strength of human crowd behavior description from classical social force models with discrete dynamics expression from cellular automaton models by extending the conception of floor field. Several important factors which may influence the results of decision-making of pedestrians are taken into consideration, such as the location of sign, the attraction of exit, and the interaction among pedestrians. To compare the effect of information on the pedestrians, we construct three decision-making mechanisms with different assumptions. To validate these three simulation models, we compare the numerical results from different perspectives with rational range in the case study where the Tampere Theater evacuation was carried out. The ABM framework is open for rules modification and could be applied to different building plans and has implication for architectural design of gates and signs in order to increase the evacuation efficiency.
... Spatial-temporal processes, such as traffic dynamics and congestions, typically require complex models. The approaches used to construct these models are those of the ABM and cellular automata (CA) [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35], which have the ability to explain the step-by-step status changes that take place within spatial cells. Both methods are capable of reflecting the emergent and complex characteristics associated with complex phenomena [21] and have significant impacts on the determination of optimum traffic flows. ...
Agent-based model (ABM) simulation is a bottom–up approach that can describe the phenomena generated from actions and interactions within a multiagent system. An ABM is an improvement over model simulations which only describe the global behavior of a system. Therefore, it is an appropriate technology to analyze emergent phenomena in social sciences and complex adaptive systems such as vehicular traffic and pedestrian crowds. In this paper, a hybrid agent-based modeling framework designed to automate decision-making processes during traffic congestion is proposed. The model provides drivers with real-time alternative routes, computed via a decentralized multi-agent model, that tries to achieve a system-optimal traffic distribution within an entire system, thus reducing the total travel time of all the drivers. The presented work explores a decentralized ABM technique on an autonomous microgrid that is represented through cellular automata (CA). The proposed model was applied to high-density traffic congestion events such as car accidents or lane closures, and its effectiveness was analyzed. The experimental results confirm the efficiency of the proposed model in not only accurately simulating the driver behaviors and improving vehicular traffic flows during congestion but also by suggesting changes to traffic dynamics during the simulations, such as avoiding obstacles and high-density areas and then selecting the best alternative routes. The simulation results validate the ability of the proposed model and the included decision-making sub-models to both predict and improve the behaviors and intended actions of the agents.
... Also, it includes service level agreements, scalability, pay-per-use, data storage, and prevention methods. Cloud Service Provider (CSP) takes the obligation to provide high security for authenticated user's secret data anywhere in the world [6]. Currently, cryptographic block encryption acts a important role in a distributed environment (i.e. ...
At present, security and reliability are the main tasks in a public cloud and the current authentication scheme do not provide enough security in public cloud. Hence, this paper attempts to propose a three stage selection based One-Time Pad encryption scheme using hybrid cellular automata for the public cloud which satisfies avalanche diffusion and confusion properties. It is found that by combining hybrid cellular automata and 2-dimensional parity checks method, a robust master key in the public cloud could be generated. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme has large key space and protects brute force and chosen plaintext attacks in addition to better execution time for accessing data. The mathematical analysis confirmed that the proposed solution provides improved security.
... This key can be retrieved using smart card and it protects denial of service attack. Later, lots of cellular automata based user authentication methods have been proposed and analyzed in distributed environment [23]- [25] especially in public cloud. However, most of the techniques uses multi-factor authentication and it took more time and also the computational complexity is large in many applications which is vulnerable to chosen plaintext attack and brute force attack. ...
Autorzy postawili sobie w artykule zadanie przedefiniowanie rachunku Ordered Fuzzy Numbers wprowadzonego przez Witolda Kosińskiego. Przyczynkiem do zamieszczonych rozważań była ostatnia dekada badań. podczas której autorzy często musieli odpierać zarzuty kierowane przez niektórych badaczy wobec tego systemu obliczeń na liczbach rozmytych. W artykule przedefiniowano zatem sama liczbę OFN z podejścia funkcyjnego na podejście wektorowe tworząc vOFN (Vectorial Ordered Fuzzy Numbers). Autorzy przedstawili rozwiązanie problemu tzw. niewłaściwych liczb OFN, czyli liczb o niewypukłych kształtach. Rozwiązali nierozwiązany przez Kosińskiego problem porównywania liczb OFN. Zniwelowali również niezrozumiałą dla wielu badaczy cechę przyrastania stopnia wielomianów funkcji zboczy narastających i opadających, jaki miał miejsce podczas wykonywania działań iloczynu i ilorazu liczb OFN, co skutkowało krzywoliniowymi wykresami funkcji tych zboczy. Dzięki redefinicji wszystkie pozytywne właściwości OFN zostają zachowane, a niedogodności zniwelowane. Autorzy wyrażają przekonanie, że dzięki podejściu vOFN arytmetyka ta znajdzie jeszcze więcej zastosowań jako prosta, niezawodna, jednoznaczna i niezwykle łatwa w implementacji.
The Elementary Cellular Automata (ECA) introduced by Stephan Wolfram, is a powerful universal computing tool which can be explored for design solutions to a wide variety range of physical, environmental, biological as well as realtime applications. Analysis and synthesis of Null Boundary Cellular Automata (NBCA) reveals it’s suitability in environmental toxication prediction and detection. The novelty of this research work is to propose an innovative significant alternative to Artificial Intelligence-Machine learning (AI-ML) solution using cellular automata (CA) to protect our environment against contamination with unhealthy gas leakage. The design is developed around single-length cycle two attractor cellular automata (TACA). The work provides a realtime solution in a power-efficient manner having a minimum delay but with 100% efficiency.
