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In the context of ongoing densification of cities and aging urban populations, public spaces are a crucial infrastructure to support the physical and mental wellbeing of urban residents. The design of public space furniture elements is often standardised, and not considered in relation to environmental conditions and mechanisms of social interactio...
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... in the surroundings. less suitable as the sunlight access to the seating was not fully blocked, while the Fitness Average solution performed best in relation to blocking sun, 'being seen' viewing lines and maintaining surveillance of the surroundings. This solution, Generation 90, Individual 25 was selected for further testing and development. Fig. 8 shows a separate simulation with Ladybug on the surface area surrounding the canopy, to visualise the solar radiation impact on the site on several dates and times of the day. The analysis shows that significant parts of the benches would remain shaded throughout the day, and across different ...
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... General Secretary Xi Jinping said at the Intermediate Rural Work Conference held at the end of 2013: "China should be strong, and agriculture and animal husbandry should be strong; China should be beautiful, and the countryside should be beautiful; for China to be rich, farmers must be rich [1]." ...
At this stage, the most important content of rural construction includes the construction of rural public space, which is related to the environment of all rural areas, the happiness of villagers, and the inheritance and development of rural areas. Especially under the guidance of the rural revitalization strategy, the necessity of public space environment construction has become increasingly prominent, becoming an irreplaceable core content in rural construction. Therefore, we must closely focus on the development needs of rural areas at this stage, dig deep into the development of the public space environment, find corresponding design strategies, and maximize the completion of the real construction of beautiful rural areas. Rural public spaces have experienced the pain of new urbanization and rural intelligence. The most important public spaces in traditional agricultural societies, such as deep-water wells, trees, and sundecks, will slowly decline and fade. In the future, public space in rural areas must function in urban areas. Rural public spaces with complex roles and diverse types of public activities are the main orientations for the transformation of rural spaces in the future.
Modern urban architecture is innovative, involves integrated solar technologies to increase sustainability, by providing efficient energy solutions, and involves stakeholders from multiple domains, with specific concerns. Such development, however, leads to complex interrelationships among disciplines and relies on models to simulate different aspects. To address these, the parametric design approach is widely adopted, enabling the generation of several urban designs in the early stage, and evaluating these across several objectives. This provides possibilities for creating collaborative, multi-disciplinary workflows for energy projects at different scales. This paper provides a critical overview of the possibilities offered by the parametric design, to increase the sustainability of advanced buildings, by putting a focus on solar energy. This paper analyses the parametric design across five categories: design scope, application, technology, objective, and implementation method. No review article currently highlights all these aspects to observe overall research in the field. The results indicate that the parametric design is prominent on a single building-scale, while windows in building-scale and building forms in district-scale models are widely manipulated parameters. Most models are limited to BIPV, shader, and solar façade technologies, daylight and solar power applications, and energy and comfort-related objectives, the majority of which are implemented using dedicated parametric modeling tools. Further ongoing research trends emphasize how parametric design transforms the field and creates opportunities for designers working in building energy research. The analytical results help to find current barriers, and future initiatives to implement the parametric design at a wider spread for solar integration into buildings.
