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Temperature distribution in both healthy and skin tumor tissue, under the influence of Gaussian beam irradiation with a wavelength of 980 nm, with and without the presence of YbNPs. The intensity of the laser was 2 W mm⁻², the exposure time was 10 s, and the laser beam radius was 2 mm. (a) In the absence of YbNPs. (b) In the presence of YbNPs.
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Laser hyperthermia therapy (HT) has emerged as a well-established method for treating cancer, yet it poses unique challenges in comprehending heat transfer dynamics within both healthy and cancerous tissues due to their intricate nature. This study investigates laser HT therapy as a promising avenue for addressing skin cancer. Employing two distinc...
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The laser irradiation of living tissues poses a risk of thermal damage, making it a critical factor in medical procedures such as laser surgery and thermal therapies. Effectively predicting and managing this damage, particularly in hyperthermia therapy, is essential for maximizing treatment efficacy while protecting surrounding healthy tissues. In...
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... As previously discussed, La and Ce have been extensively studied due to their use in industry. Er and Yb were selected as heavier lanthanides for the study due to their increasing use in industry and medical and dental applications [37][38][39][40][41][42]. To test this hypothesis, we exposed worms to lanthanum (III) chloride (LaCl 3 ), cerium (III) chloride (CeCl 3 ), ...
The lanthanide series elements are transition metals used as critical components of electronics, as well as rechargeable batteries, fertilizers, antimicrobials, contrast agents for medical imaging, and diesel fuel additives. With the surge in their utilization, lanthanide metals are being found more in our environment. However, little is known about the health effects associated with lanthanide exposure. Epidemiological studies as well as studies performed in rodents exposed to lanthanum (La) suggest neurological damage, learning and memory impairment, and disruption of neurotransmitter signaling, particularly in serotonin and dopamine pathways. Unfortunately, little is known about the neurological effects of heavier lanthanides. As dysfunctions of serotonergic and dopaminergic signaling are implicated in multiple neurological conditions, including Parkinson’s disease, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder, it is of utmost importance to determine the effects of La and other lanthanides on these neurotransmitter systems. We therefore hypothesized that early-life exposure of light [La (III) or cerium (Ce (III))] or heavy [erbium (Er (III)) or ytterbium (Yb (III))] lanthanides in Caenorhabditis elegans could cause dysregulation of serotonergic and dopaminergic signaling upon adulthood. Serotonergic signaling was assessed by measuring pharyngeal pump rate, crawl-to-swim transition, as well as egg-laying behaviors. Dopaminergic signaling was assessed by measuring locomotor rate and egg-laying and swim-to-crawl transition behaviors. Treatment with La (III), Ce (III), Er (III), or Yb (III) caused deficits in serotonergic or dopaminergic signaling in all assays, suggesting both the heavy and light lanthanides disrupt these neurotransmitter systems. Concomitant with dysregulation of neurotransmission, all four lanthanides increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and decreased glutathione and ATP levels. This suggests increased oxidative stress, which is a known modifier of neurotransmission. Altogether, our data suggest that both heavy and light lanthanide series elements disrupt serotonergic and dopaminergic signaling and may affect the development or pharmacological management of related neurological conditions.
