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What are the impacts of war upon young people's psychological development? Research with young men who survived Sarajevo's siege sheds new light on how young people draw upon their social and spatial environment to make sense of violent experiences. " … The next moment I was walking in a narrow passage reeking of urine and sweat. The tunnel was abo...
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Context 1
... named Objekat Dobrinja-Butmir (now better known as the Sarajevo War Tunnel), the length of the tunnel at completion was 785.5 m (859 yds) with an average height of 1.5 m (4' 11") and an average width of 1 m (3' 4") (Branković 1993) ( Figure 3). While a deeper and wider tunnel would have made transportation and movement easier, the geotechnical characteristics of the terrain -such as the dense presence of underground water streams-did not allow for a more robust engineering project (Zorlak 2014). ...
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Citations
... While vivid and descriptive of their lives during the siege, the responses by the participants also point toward the development of sociocognitive functions required by the specific sociocultural circumstances inherent to the tunnel. To illustrate how their work in the tunnel brought these boys into situations that required them to make sense of situations that would, under more peaceful conditions, be interpreted as well above their age – consider the following fragment of a story recounted by Jašar [Lucić, 2016a] who started working in the tunnel when he turned 13, having just finished the 7th grade: …I was on my day off [from the Army] and I passed [though the tunnel] in one direction, they would note in my military ID that I passed in the direction from Dobrinja to Butmir… That was the regular method of passing through the tunnel, and then there were the irregular ways… when someone whispers in your ear – would you carry goods for Begler-beg? So they would form a group of about 20 of us, and that's it… The commander tells you, this evening, from 7 till about 10 pm we are moving goods for Begler-beg – and 20 of us would show up at the entrance to the tunnel – no one else would be around, everyone clears off, as if Bill Clinton was coming to pass through the tunnel, no military police, no one. ...
... While vivid and descriptive of their lives during the siege, the responses by the participants also point toward the development of sociocognitive functions required by the specific sociocultural circumstances inherent to the tunnel. To illustrate how their work in the tunnel brought these boys into situations that required them to make sense of situations that would, under more peaceful conditions, be interpreted as well above their age-consider the following fragment of a story recounted by Jašar [Lucić, 2016a] who started working in the tunnel when he turned 13, having just finished the 7th grade: …I was on my day off [from the Army] and I passed [though the tunnel] in one direction, they would note in my military ID that I passed in the direction from Dobrinja to Butmir… That was the regular method of passing through the tunnel, and then there were the irregular ways… when someone whispers in your ear-would you carry goods for Begler-beg? So they would form a group of about 20 of us, and that's it… The commander tells you, this evening, from 7 till about 10 pm we are moving goods for Begler-beg-and 20 of us would show up at the entrance to the tunnel-no one else would be around, everyone clears off, as if Bill Clinton was coming to pass through the tunnel, no military police, no one. ...
Young people growing up in war zones experience significant changes of their physical and social environments caused by urban destruction. Employing the methodology of narrative inquiry, this work theoretically explores environmental and spatial affordances enabling sociocognitive development among young people growing up during the 4-year military siege of Sarajevo. The theoretical analysis focuses on two environmental contexts - war school and the Sarajevo war tunnel - and examines how affordances of physical environments, symbolically enacted in language, scaffold developmental activities during this highly specific wartime period. The developmental meaning of environmental affordances comes to life in contemporary narratives written by 16 adults who as young people attended war schools or worked in the Sarajevo war tunnel. Theoretical foundations of sociocultural and ecological psychology are employed to illuminate how environmental affordances contributed to the development of psychological functions well suited to everyday life in circumstances of war and urban destruction.
