Figure 3 - uploaded by Alessio Bellino
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Tap&Tap for Smartphones. How it works. The target area identified between the two points is enlarged automatically up to cover the map container (Figure 3, step 2 and 3).
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Online services such as Google Maps or Open Street Maps allow the exploration of maps on smartphones and tablets. The gestures used are the pinch to adjust the zoom level and the drag to move the map. In this paper, two new gestures to adjust the zoom level of maps are presented. Both gestures – with slight differences – allow the identification of...
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... Our main finding is the prevalence of exploratory behaviour in the form of panning and zooming, supporting the notion of "user-as-explorer" [3,17] in mobile map applications. Indeed, this exploratory behaviour made up more than 60% of users usage time with MapRecorder in both studies. ...
... The data collected for this includes panning, zooming, "glancing" and map loading times (the latter accounting for 7.6% of all sessions). This shows that users are generally interested in exploring the map in an organic manner [3,17]. MapRecorder is able to log the zoom level of a session as well as the various centre points throughout the session from which we are able to infer panning behaviour. ...
... Manipulation state is a suggestion that this interaction should be made as rich and meaningful as possible. This fits evidence stating that exploratory search is a widely adopted behaviour to look for information on the web [17], and that users enjoy panning and zooming to explore their area [3]. In the interviews users mentioned exploration and information retrieval, like looking up restaurants' menus or homepages, as crucial parts of the mobile map experience. ...
Millions of people use mobile map applications like Google Maps on a regular basis. However, despite these applications' ubiquity, the literature contains very little information about how these applications are used in the real world. As such, many researchers and practitioners seeking to improve mobile map applications may not be able to identify important challenges and may miss major opportunities for innovation. To address this paucity of usage information, we collected and analysed data during unsupervised usage of Google Maps by replacing the standard application with a wrapped version called MapRecorder. In two studies we recorded data from locals and tourists using our application and collected over 580 minutes of actual application usage from 34 users, spanning 555 unique sessions. We identify typical usage scenarios, observe a large amount of map exploration and elucidate generalisable interaction patterns.
... Regarding mobile devices, the use of gestures such as pinch to zoom and drag to pan is frequent because they generally have small screens. In addition, the interaction with maps usually requires the exploration of large spaces, increasing the mentioned interactions [6]. 1 www.colab.re. ...
... This gesture allows zoom adjustments with one finger, tapping twice, holding the screen the second time and then moving the finger upwards to zoom out, or downwards to zoom in. Furthermore, there is Two-Finger-Tap, used by Google Maps and Apple Maps, that allows zooming out by tapping the screen with two fingers [6]. ...
After the popularity of smartphones, a large number of different applications have been developed with a view to facilitate the users’ life and their community. Among this scenario, Smart Cities applications intended to offer ideas, services or content adding value to a city or community. Generally built based on maps, these applications provide a large amount of data. In this research, we aim to analyze data visualization in a map-based application, investigating zooming and panning functionalities from a diverse user perspective. The selected application is Colab.re, an online collaboration system which allows the users to report urban issues based on their location. The main idea is to observe if potential users could perform the needed gestures to navigate in the map, and understand the information received.
... Further details on the implementation are presented in [1]. ...
... The most noteworthy advantage is related to the Tap&Tap that can be used with just one hand. Both gestures can be implemented easily with few changes in existent software: around 50 lines of code [1] were enough to redesign Leaflet, the base framework used to develop the prototype presented in this paper. The implementation of the presented gestures in free and/or commercial software could not be so unfeasible. ...
The mobile versions of services such as Google Maps or Open Street Maps allow the exploration of maps on smartphones and tablets. The gestures used are the pinch to adjust the zoom level and the drag/flick to move the map. In this paper, two new gestures to adjust the zoom level of maps (but also of images and documents) are presented. Both gestures – with slight differences – allow the identification of a target area to zoom, which is enlarged automatically up to cover the whole map container. The proposed gestures are added to the traditional ones (drag, pinch and flick) without any overlap. Therefore, users do not need to change their regular practices. They have just two more options to control the zoom level. One of the most relevant and appreciated advantages has to do with the gesture for smartphones (Tap&Tap): this allows users to control the zoom level with just one hand. The traditional pinch gesture, instead, needs two hands. According to the test results on the new gestures in comparison with the traditional pinch, 30 % of time is saved on tablets (Two-Finger-Tap gesture) whereas 14 % on smartphones (Tap&Tap gesture).
