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Tail flick latency (mean ±SEM) of rats was measured before (base) and after each treatment. Rats groups: Control, topically treated with distilled water; Commercial lidocaine, treated with 2% commercial lidocaine gel; Mucilage, treated with mucilage alone; Mixture, treated with mucilage+2%lidocaine (Two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post test). * p<0.05 Mixture group v.s. Commercial lidocaine group and # p<0.05 Mucilage or Commercial lidocaine groups v.s. control.”
Source publication
Lallemantia royleana (Balangu) is a well known Iranian medicinal plant that its seed mucilage has many applications in modern pharmacology. Plant mucilage traditionally was used as a gel supplement, and natural matrix for sustained release of drugs. But it seems that these compounds are not a simple additive and also have many undiscovered pharmaco...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... mixture of gel and lidocaine before use was kept in refrigerator up to 48 hours for complete mixing of them and no especial change was observed in its appearance during this period. Tail flick latency obtained from control and experimental groups were shown in Figure 1. Our data indicates topical applying of mucilage alone on rat tail led to increase in rat tail flick latency with the same potency of rat that was treated with commercial 2% lidocaine gel. ...
Context 2
... data indicates topical applying of mucilage alone on rat tail led to increase in rat tail flick latency with the same potency of rat that was treated with commercial 2% lidocaine gel. Also, the duration of anesthesia in rats that topically were treated with mucilage alone was same as rats that were treated with commercial 2% lidocaine gel (Figure 1). But tail flick latency of rats treated with 2% lidocaine-mucilage gel mixture significantly increased and stayed for about 35 minutes in this situation in comparison with other experimental groups. ...
Citations
... After the milk had been pasteurised, tukhm-e-balangu (Lallemantia royleana) powder in the concentrations of 0.15, 0.2, and 0.25 was added. The yoghurt was kept at 4°C for 20 days, and at predetermined day intervals, it was examined for several physiochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics, including pH, titratable acidity, synersis, water holding capacity, total solids, viscosity, hardness, fat, protein, and ash [40]. ...
Balangu (Lallemantia royleana) is a member of the Lamiaceae or Labiateae family. In Pakistan commonly called Tukhmalanga. This valuable medicinal plant is indigenous to tropical Asia, including India, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. The chemical analysis of Lallemantia royleana seed showed that the seeds contained: protein 25.60%, fat 18.27%, fiber 1.29%, alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, glycosides, pholobtannin tannins, volatile oils, mixed fatty acids and terpenoids. It exerted many pharmacological effects included antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidepressant, anxiolytic, sedative, antiemetic, hypolipidemic, protective and many other pharmacological effects. The current review discussed the Lallemantia royleana as a beneficial medicinal plant. It can be a good remedy for skin disease. Further screening for phytochemicals should be carried out in search of novel therapeutic compounds.
... The mucilage from the seeds of Lallemantia royleana (BENTH.) itself exhibits analgesic effects, and was used to create a mixture of commercial 2% lidocaine gel and a mucilage-containing gel (0.01 g·ml −1 ), which increased the efficacy of this local anesthetic [31]. ...
... Lallemantia royleana (BENTH.) Formation of gels Healing effects against dermal toxicity and burns Ref. [31] Ocimum basilicum L. Wound dressing formation Antimicrobial effects Ref. [27] Ocimum basilicum L. Plantago psyllium L. ...
Some seeds of flowering plants can differentiate their seed coat epidermis into the specialized cell layer producing a hydrophilic mucilage with several ecological functions, such as seed hydration, protection, spatial fixation, stimulation of metabolic activity and development of seed. Due to the species- and genotype-dependent variabilities in the chemical composition of mucilage, mucilage does not display the same functional properties and its role depends on the respective species and environment. Mucilaginous substances, depending on their composition, exhibit many preventive and curative effects for human and animal health, which has significant potential in the agricultural, food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. This paper summarizes the ecological, biological, and functional properties of mucilaginous plant substances and highlights their significant nutritional potential in terms of the development of functional foods, and nutraceuticals and dietary supplements. A paragraph describing the gene regulation of seed mucilage synthesis is included, and some recommendations for the direction of further research on mucilaginous substances are outlined.
... Pre-dose latency time was measured for each rat twice by applying thermal light beam to the tail of each rat. Beam intensity was adjusted to the level that give a tail-flick latency of 8 s in control animals, then the extracts gels, negative and positive control gels were applied on the distal two thirds of each rat tail and the rat was tested in response to painful stimulation every 10 min for 90 min [41]. ...
This investigation aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Cedruslibani and Pinusbrutia leaves. The anti-inflammatory property was evaluated by Human Red Blood Cells (HRBC) membrane stabilization assay and Albumin denaturation assay using Sodium diclofenac as a positive control. To evaluate the analgesic property, formalin and tail flick test were carried out using ethanolic extracts at a dose of 30 mg/kg and gel containing 2% (w/v) of ethanolic extract of each plant. Diclofenac sodium, diclofenac gel 1% and lidocaine gel 2 % were used as positive controls.
Results
The effect of inhibiting hemolysis was observed at concentrations (2.5-12.5) μg/ml for P. brutia, and (2.5-25) μg/ml for C. libani. Moreover, albumin denaturation test showed protection effect for both plant extracts with IC50 of 47.74 and 81.50 μg/ml for C. libani and P. brutia extract, consecutively. In Formalin test, both extracts could significantly reduce paw licking time, and in tail flick test, each plant extract gel showed greater efficacy than diclofenac gel by calculating the maximum possible effect (MPE %) for both extracts and Diclofenac.
Conclusion
We concluded that both extracts showed in vitro anti-inflammatory activity at different concentrations when compared to standard drug of diclofenac as well as analgesic activity in formalin and tail flick test.
... No significant differences (* p < 0.05, Tukey's multiple comparisons test) were observed among the formulations regarding MPE and AUC confirming that the antinociceptive effect of LDC was preserved in the hydrogels. These results corroborate previous reports in the literature, obtained with commercial LDC (2%) incorporated or not in gels and tested in mouse through the tail-flick test [65]. Therefore, the XAN-CHT hydrogel did not interfere with the anesthetic activity and could possibly contribute to the pharmaceutical formulation with the intrinsic anti-inflammatory, antifungal and bactericidal properties of the polymers [47,66,67]. ...
Melanoma is the most aggressive skin carcinoma and nanotechnology can bring new options for its pharmacological treatment. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are ideal drug-delivery carriers for hydrophobic drugs, such as the antineoplastic docetaxel (DTX), and hybrid (NLC-in-hydrogel) systems are suitable for topical application. This work describes a formulation of NLCDTX in xanthan-chitosan hydrogel containing lidocaine (LDC) with anticancer and analgesia effects. The optimized nanoparticles encapsulated 96% DTX and rheological analysis revealed inherent viscoelastic properties of the hydrogel. In vitro assays over murine fibroblasts (NIH/3T3) and melanoma cells (B16-F10), human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and melanoma cells (SK-MEL-103) showed reduction of docetaxel cytotoxicity after encapsulation in NLCDTX and HGel-NLCDTX. Addition of LDC to the hybrid system (HGel-NLCDTX-LDC) increased cell death in tumor and normal cells. In vivo tests on C57BL/6J mice with B16-F10-induced melanoma indicated that LDC, NLCDTX, HGel-NLCDTX-LDC and NLCDTX + HGel-LDC significantly inhibited tumor growth while microPET/SPECT/CT data suggest better prognosis with the hybrid treatment. No adverse effects were observed in cell survival, weight/feed-consumption or serum biochemical markers (ALT, AST, creatinine, urea) of animals treated with NLCDTX or the hybrid system. These results confirm the adjuvant antitumor effect of lidocaine and endorse HGel-NLCDTX-LDC as a promising formulation for the topical treatment of melanoma.
... The gels were extracted from the Balangu seeds at a concentration of 0.01 g. The anesthetic's duration and strength of gel are similar to the gelatin 2% industrial lidocaine, 10 and Balangu seeds harm Cholesterol and triglyceride levels in serum. 11 This study aimed to reduce the toxic effect of Rifadin in the liver by using the alcohol extract of the Balangu seed. ...
The study aimed to highlight the protective effect of Lallemantia royleana seed extract (Balangu) in protecting the liver against the toxicity of Rifadin. The study was conducted on the male Swiss albino mice (40 mice), aged 5 to 8 weeks and weighed 25 to 30 g, which were divided into four animal groups: the first group orally administrated (0.1 mL) of saline solution (0.9%) for 28 days to represent the control group, second group administrated with 0.1 mL of Rifadine (1.5 mg/kg/day) for 28 days. The third group was administered (0.1 mL) of alcohol extract of Balangu seeds (1%) for 28 days. The fourth group was administrated with seed extract and Rifadin for 33 days. Histopathological changes in the liver tissue of the experimental groups were reported as a loss of the radial arrangement of the hepatic cords in the central lobular region and in the surrounding areas with moderate/severe congestion in the drug-treated group, the seed and drug extract group, the retention of hepatic cords were observed in the radial regulation, especially in the area around the central vein with moderate blood congestion (Mild/ Moderate Congestion) in the central veins, and the presence of many numbers of Balone-Shape cells and Hepatic Vacuolated cells. The histological composition of the Balangu seed extract group was similar to that of the control group, but there is infiltration of mononuclear leukocytes in the central lobular region.
... Lallemantia royleana (common name is Balanco) is plant from a family Labiatae exists in many countries in Europe and Asia, especially Turkey, Iran and India [8] Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan [9], and the features of plant seeds oil extract is a clear , green in color and contains the active substances, which is a group of fatty acids (10). Lallemantia royleana seeds extract used in alternative medicine in the treatment of the stomach diseases , nervous debility [9], analgesic and sedatives factor to the problems of the urinary system and cough, , the seeds are used for the treatment of abscesses and inflammations [11] , Mahmood et., al.(2013) [12] referred that the alcoholic extract of Lallemantia royleana seeds have inhibitory effect of bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter clouceae) that cause skin disease and Gastrointestinal system problems, on the other hand Atabaki & Ezatti (2014) [13] clarified that the gel material were extracted from Lallemantia royleana seeds in 0.01 gm/ml it has analgesic effect and that the duration and strength of anesthesia by the gel be similar to lidocaine 2% that prepared artificially. ...
This study was aimed to investigate the role of crud alcoholic extract of Lallemantia royleana seeds thruogh reduction the hepatotoxicity of rifadin drug in liver tissue. The animal (40 mice) were divided into four groups the first group treated with normal saline (0.9%) for 28 days as acontrol, the second group treated with rifadin (1.5 mg/kg/day) for 28 days, third group treated with acoholic extract of Lallemantia royleana seeds (1% w/v) for 28 days, while the forth group treated with alcoholic extract of seeds alone for 5 days and with alcoholic extract and rifadin for 28 days, so the total period of this group is 33 days. The liver specimens were collected and processed with immunohistochemical staining kit to detect Bax protein in hepatocytes. The microscopic examination results of liver slides coloured with imununohistochemical staining technique in animal experimental groups showed increased in the number of cells with positive immunoreaction for Bax in animal group treated with rifadin drug comparing with other experimental groups (seeds extract and drug group, seeds extract group, control group)which showed significant decreasing in the number of cells with positive immunoreaction for Bax.
... was tested as a gel supplement and natural matrix for sustained release of drugs. The results exhibited significant results in terms of potency and duration for test gel formulation (with natural mucilage) as compared to marketed gel preparation (36). Its mucilage can be used in the food and drink industry, such as ice cream and natural gel making (37). ...
Niosomes structural framework comprises of non-ionic surfactant-based microscopic lamellar structures which carries the potential to sustain the effect of drug from its delivery system. In present work, the attempt was made to identify the effect of different ingredients such as effect of Tweens and natural mucilage of Lallemantia royaleana Benth. on the performance of developed niosomal gel formulations in order to prolong the duration of action of drug and to minimize its side effects of topical conventional drug administration. All Ibuprofen loaded niosomes formulationswere prepared by ether injection method; using cetosteryl alcohol with different variants of Tweens and Spans. Various evaluation parameters were performed to confirm niosome formation. Further, the niosomes were incorporated into gel system and evaluated for in-vitro permeability study (ex-vivo) on excised rat skin by membrane diffusion method and in-vivo study by carrageenan induced rat paw edema model. The best selected niosome formulation F9 gave no sedimentation, layer separation and unchanged particle shapes and thus selected for gel preparation using Lallemantia royaleana Benth. mucilage and carbopol in different ratios. Ex-vivo and in-vivo studies indicated high skin retention and penetration rates within the skin for tests niosomal gel formulations (G1 & G2). The present study suggested that developed topical gel formulation provides enhance permeability and longer duration of drug action over conventional gels.
... Mucilage is used as lubricants, hydrant, and as an emulsifier for prevention of the particle sedimentation and accumulation in suspension such as barium sulfate utilized for X-ray imaging [2]. The usage of the mucilage has been reported as a matrix agent for improving the effect of anesthetic agents such as lidocaine [3,4]. Seed mucilage is soluble in cold water and has considerable potential for stabilization of the oilwater emulsion and reducing the surface tension. ...
This study aims to suggest an efficient mucilage isolation plan for three species of Lallemantia genus namely L. iberica, L. royleana, and L. peltata that are collected from various habitats of Iran and characterizes the resulted mucilage for medical use. Mucilage is a hydrocolloid polymer that is used in industry and pharmaceutical science. Species within Lallemantia genus contain mucilaginous seeds with therapeutic properties that were used by indigenous people in traditional Iranian medicine. Lallemantia mucilage has shown to be a suitable substrate for the administration of the drug. Consequently, usage of the Lallemantia seeds in the pharmaceutical industry can be desirable for the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry. For this reason, there will be a need for the proposal of an efficient, cheap, and simple method of mucilage extraction. This study shows that the performance of 1:60 designed liquid-solid ratio under neutral pH at 60° will lead to a high gain of mucilage with minor hydrolysis. Generally, the biochemical and biophysical assessment of the resulted mucilage showed the advantageous properties of Lallemantia seeds in pharmaceuticals science and oral vaccines.
... The duration and potency of anesthesia induced by gel containing mucilage alone (0.01 g/ml) were identical to commercial 2% lidocaine gel. But, local anesthetic potency and duration of gel made from 2% lidocainemucilage gel mixture was significantly higher than commercial 2% lidocaine gel (59) . ...
The chemical analysis of Lallemantia royleana seed showed that the seeds contained: protein 25.60%, fat 18.27%, fiber 1.29%, alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, glycosides, pholobtannin tannins, volatile oils, mixed fatty acids and terpenoids. It exerted many pharmacological effects included antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidepressant, anxiolytic, sedative, antiemetic, hypolipidemic, protective and many other pharmacological effects. The current review discussed the Lallemantia royleana as a beneficial medicinal plant.
After an injury, the wounds need to be covered with a dressing. Lack of absorptive potential and sticking of dressing with the wound causes pain and slows the healing process. The aim of this study was to develop wound dressings having more absorptive potential and less sticking with the wound. The hemicelluloses from Lallemantia royleana seeds possess desirable properties for a wound dressing. The hemicellulose was blended with chitosan/chitin and glutaraldehyde to enhance the absorptive properties of the hemicellulose through cross-linking. Two types of formulations incorporating silver nanoparticles and ciprofloxacin were prepared. The composites were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against E. coli (Gram-negative) and S. aureus (Gram-positive). The dressings were subjected to in vivo studies on Albino rats. The dressings were found to be porous and the silver nanoparticles and drug particles were found to be uniformly distributed in the polymeric matrix. The composite containing ciprofloxacin released the drug in a sustained manner for 14 to 16 days. From extrapolation of the data, it was discovered that the formulation would release around 80% of ciprofloxacin in about two weeks. Silver- ciprofloxacin nano-composites exhibited comparable activity (zone of inhibition 19-30 mm) against E. coli to that of ciprofloxacin (standard, 21-35mm) and relatively lower activity in case of S. aureus (zone of inhabitation 11-17 mm). The dressings did not stick to the wound site and the site remained wet during the healing process. Thus the use of hemicellulose from Lallemantia royleana seeds proved to be beneficial for preparing wound dressings with improved properties because of having high swelling index, porosity and spongy texture.
