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Background: The low back is susceptible to injury (pain) because it supports most of the body weight. Prolonged sitting and being sedentary are some of the risk factors to developing low back pain (LBP). This study was designed to determine and compare the prevalence of LBP in Commercial Motor Drivers (CMD) and Private Automobile Drivers (PAD). Mat...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... percent ofthe participants in the CMD group compared to 28% of those in the PAD group who experienced LBP attributed the cause of their LBP to the length of time spent driving (table 4). The majority (64%) of the participants in the CMD group attributed the cause of their back pain to the length of time spent sitting when driving contrary to the 42% of those in the PAD group (Table 4). ...Citations
... It is well documented globally that informal sector workers are often harder to study than their formal sector counterparts (13). For instance, in Nigeria, there are many studies on occupational injuries among other workers or professional groups like nurses (14)(15)(16)(17), drivers (18)(19)(20), factory workers (21,22), fishermen (23), peasant farmers (24,25), and police officers (26,27). However, only a few studies have explored this health problem among informal sector artisans in the construction industry (28,29). ...
Background
Occupational injuries are a growing public health problem. Approximately 1,000 workers die daily from occupational injuries globally. Artisans working in the informal sector of the construction industry in many low/middle income countries like Nigeria have a higher injury predisposition. This study will assess the determinants of occupational injuries and design a safety intervention for informal sector artisans in the Nigerian construction industry.
Methods
A sequential mixed-methods design will be employed to study 840 bricklayers and carpenters (420 per artisan group) in Osun State, Nigeria. Quantitative data will be collected first while qualitative data will be collected thereafter. Thirdly, a modified Delphi-technique will be employed to co-design a safety education intervention. For the quantitative study, artisans will be recruited via multi-stage sampling and a semi-structured questionnaire will be administered to obtain information on artisans’ socio-demographics, work-patterns and occupational injuries. A multivariable regression model will be used to determine the association between injury occurrence and independent variables. Twelve to sixteen focus group discussion (FGD) sessions will be conducted for artisans to obtain group perspectives about injuries and preferred safety training topics. From the FGD and quantitative study findings, a list of items for the safety training module will be compiled for the modified-Delphi process. Thereafter, the content validation index (CVI) will be derived and items with CVI of ≥0.80 will be included in the final safety training module.
Conclusion
This paper describes the process required to assess the determinants of occupational injuries among artisans in the informal sector of the construction industry in Nigeria and further proposes the design of a context-relevant safety training intervention. The information from this study will be essential in promoting safe working environments for construction artisans.
... These findings are consistent with many other studies, which reported that prolonged driving hours (>4 h/day) are associated with LBP occurrence. [19][20][21] This could be due to the greater lumbar spine load accumulated as a result of log driving hours. [22] Evidence shows that wrong posture can cause increased mechanical load on the lower back region and may result in pelvic asymmetry, which in turn leads to chronic LBP. ...
Background:
Lower back pain (LBP) is well-known as the most common musculoskeletal condition with 80% of lifetime prevalence. The effects of LBP on cultural, social, and public health continue to increase. It brings in billions of dollars of medical costs. This study assessed the prevalence of LBP among car drivers with the wrong driving position in Taif.
Methodology:
A cross-sectional study using an electronic questionnaire in English translated to Arabic, which included questions about driving with wrong postures, lower back pain, and its correlation.
Results:
91.1% of participants satisfied our inclusion criteria for the data analysis. The prevalence of lower back pain in this study was about 44.1% (n = 659). It was more among those aged >40 years (50.9%) compared to other age groups, which showed a statistically significant association (P < 0.001). It was found that 54.4% (n = 813) had been driving in a wrong posture, and there was a strong association observed between this wrong posture and LBP (51.8%) (P < 0.001).
Conclusion:
The prevalence of LBP was high among drivers. This study calls for implanting health education and awareness programs about LBP and its risk factors.
... Male drivers had a higher prevalence (20.6%) of low back pain. This was in agreement with the report by [17], where the prevalence of low back pain (64%) was a major problem among commercial motor drivers due to length of time spent sitting while driving. ...
Low back pain is one of the very common health issues faced by most people in their mid-adult years. A worldwide prevalence of low back pain has been reported to be between 30-80%. This study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of low back pain and the factors that may cause or contribute to low back pain in Port Harcourt. A total of 401 subjects, which included 191 females and 210 males were included in the study with age range 20-59 years. The data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 and percentages, descriptive statistics was used to establish cutoffs and social demographic variables. Categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square test and binary logistic regression summary. The prevalence of low back pain was found to be 48% and the mean body mass index of subjects with low back pain was 25.67. Low back pain was more prevalent among female traders (21.7%), male drivers (20.6%) and overweight subjects (55.7%). There was statistically significant difference between health status (p˂0.01), posture duration (p=0.03) body mass index (p˂0.01) of subjects and low back pain. No statistical significance was predicted between low back pain and job posture (p=0.1), age (p=0.13), exercise engagement (p=0.06) and sex (p=0.74). The point prevalence of low back pain among Port Harcourt residents was 48%, which represents almost half of the study population, indicating that low back pain is a problem faced by the study population and had positive relationship with body mass index, posture duration and health status.
... The results of the comprehensive updated search of literature into the prevalence of LBP in Africa are depicted in Fig. 1. A total of 65 studies were included in this review (of which 40 were published after the original review was conducted) [81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91]. A list of the excluded studies and the reasons for their exclusion is available from the corresponding author. ...
Background:
Low back pain (LBP) remains a common health problem and one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal conditions found among developed and developing nations. The following paper reports on an updated search of the current literature into the prevalence of LBP among African nations and highlights the specific challenges faced in retrieving epidemiological information in Africa.
Methods:
A comprehensive search of all accessible bibliographic databases was conducted. Population-based studies into the prevalence of LBP among children/adolescents and adults living in Africa were included. Methodological quality of included studies was appraised using an adapted tool. Meta-analyses, subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses and publication bias were also conducted.
Results:
Sixty-five studies were included in this review. The majority of the studies were conducted in Nigeria (n = 31;47%) and South Africa (n = 16;25%). Forty-three included studies (66.2%) were found to be of higher methodological quality. The pooled lifetime, annual and point prevalence of LBP in Africa was 47% (95% CI 37;58); 57% (95% CI 51;63) and 39% (95% CI 30;47), respectively.
Conclusion:
This review found that the lifetime, annual and point prevalence of LBP among African nations was considerably higher than or comparable to global LBP prevalence estimates reported. Due to the poor methodological quality found among many of the included studies, the over-representation of affluent countries and the difficulty in sourcing and retrieving potential African studies, it is recommended that future African LBP researchers conduct methodologically robust studies and report their findings in accessible resources.
Trial registration:
The original protocol of this systematic review was initially registered on PROSPERO with registration number CRD42014010417 on 09 July 2014.
... Further, the study by (Kirkorowicz et al., 2013), attributed musculoskeletal pain in lower back, shoulders and knees to staying in the same posture for many hours. Long duration cramped sitting work postures in autorickshaw drivers may cause a significant static loading on the structures of the spine (Odebiyi et al., 2007). In addition twisting and bending of vertical column (Rajnarayan et al., 2003), spinal instability (Panjabi, 2003), intra-discal pressure, hydrostatic properties of the disc (Nachemson, 1975), muscle fatigue due to lack of oxygenation are also included as an important causes of LBP. ...
... Hours of driving and its correlation with LBP has been primarily explored in bus drivers (Gangopadhyay et al., 2012) and found significant (Odebiyi et al., 2007),this study (Table 1) as well as a previous study on autorickshaw drivers found no association (Shaikh et al., 2014). ...
Auto rickshaw drivers are prone to Low Back Pain (LBP) due to occupational exposure. But LBP among auto-rickshaw drivers have hardly been studied. The drivers work long durations in strenuous postures and seat themselves often with one-two passengers in front. The present study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of LBP in auto-rickshaw drivers of Kolkata.500 auto-rickshaw drivers were randomly surveyed in auto-stands of various parts of Kolkata. A Nordic Pain questionnaire was used to determine prevalence, the 101 Numerical Pain Rating Scale measured current pain intensity and the Oswestry Disability Index evaluated disability due to LBP. Risk factors included age, height, BMI, socio-demographic and occupational details, shoulder to handle distance, knee to break distance, pain intensity, vibration and posture during driving. The Ovako Working postural Analysis System (OWAS) was used to analyze the posture during driving and a Vibrometer was used to analyze the vibration. Logistic regression analysis was performed to ascertain the association of risk factors with LBP. A Pearson‟s chi square test was performed to determine the association between two categorical variables. The 12 months prevalence of LBP was 79.8% and 7 days point prevalence was 36%. Forward bent and twisted sitting posture (OWAS action level 2) was significantly associated with LBP.
... It is one of the most commonly treated disorders in out-patients Physiotherapy Clinics worldwide (Malluf et al, 2000) and has been found to have a significant impact on functional ability thereby restricting occupational activities with marked socioeconomic repercussion (Van Tulder, 2002). The low back supports most of the body's weight hence; it is susceptible to injury (Odebiyi et al., 2007). ...
... A Study by Adegoke et al. (2008) highlighted the prevalence and risk factors of low back pain among physiotherapists in Nigeria. Other, studies have shown high prevalence rates of low back pain among office workers (Omokhodion and Sanya, 2003), hospital staff (Bejia et al., 2005), nurses (Govender, 2004), bricklayers and farmers (Omokhodion, 2002, Tella et al, 2013, commercial and private automobile drivers (Odebiyi et al, 2007), computer users ( Adedoyin et al , 2004) commercial drivers and motorcyclist (Akinbo et al, 2008) and among secondary school students (Adegoke et al, 2015). ...
Low back pain is prevalent among workers of some certain industries and occupation, however little is known about its prevalence among filling stations attendants who are perceived to belong to the group that are exposed to high occupational risk. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of LBP among selected filling stations attendants as well as their associated risk factors. The study design was a cross sectional descriptive survey. All subjects were evaluated using an adapted questionnaire used in a previous study titled: “Prevalence of Low Back Pain among Traffic Warden in Lagos state” using a purposive sampling technique. It is a 36-item questionnaire which sought information on demographic data, 12 months prevalence of LBP prior to the study, severity of LBP, history of LBP, causative factors and management of LBP and its effect on filling stations attendant’s activities and activities of daily living. The intensity of the pain was assessed using a verbal rating scale. The data was analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20 and the level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Majority of the respondents 175 (61.40%) were below the age of 25 years, while 19 (6.66%) respondents were between the of age 35 and 64years. Among the participants, 247 (86.70%) were males while 38 (13.30%) were females. The prevalence of low back pain over a 12 month period was observed to be 84.60%. The pain intensity was described as moderate (71.23%), mild (17.54%) and severe (11.23%) using verbal rating scale. There was relationship between age (p=0.0001), gender (p=0.0001) and years of experience (p=0.0001) of the filling station attendants and prevalence of low back pain. A higher prevalence was identified among male compared to females. Majority (171, 60%) of the respondent reported that prolong standing was the activity that predispose them to LBP. It can be concluded that low back pain is prevalent among filling stations attendants. Higher prevalence was identified in males compared to female, although there was male preponderance. Age, gender and years of involvement in attendant work had significant influence on the prevalence of LBP. © 2016, Ibadan Biomedical Communications Group. All rights reserved.
... 14 Other notable factors include age of the drivers, numbers of years of driving experience, prolonged hours of driving per day with constant vibrational forces, and frequent twisting of lumbar-vertebral spines, among others. 12,[15][16][17] Moreover, in Nigeria, the characteristic nature of roads and the condition of vehicles could add to the risk of LBP among professional long-distance drivers, because the roads are dilapidated and poorly maintained, whereas the vehicular road worthiness assessments are not strictly followed. 18 The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of LBP and to identify the associated risk factors and its economic impact among professional drivers in Kano, Nigeria. ...
ABSTRACT This study investigated the prevalence, risk factors and impact of low back pain (LBP) among professional drivers in Nigeria. Two hundred male drivers aged 19-64 years were recruited in the study. Data regarding prevalence, individual risk factors and impact of LBP were obtained. The prevalence rate of LBP was 73.5% and LBP have affected the driving performance of up to 74% drivers. After adjustment for age LBP prevalence was associated with driving for >15 hours/day (odds ratio [OR]; 95% confidence interval [CI]): (0.04; 0.01,0.20); driving car (5.52; 1.55,19.64) and driving bus (10.49; 2.63,41.82). No association was found between LBP prevalence and years spent driving. The study found that high prevalence of LBP affected the performance of a substantial percentage of the participants.
... Available studies on Farmers in developed countries shows that LBP occurs mainly due to handling of heavy objects and assuming awkward postures resulting in considerable morbidity and disability [8]. However in a developing country such as Nigeria where farming is still largely manual (non mechanised), excessive period spent in awkward cramped posture as in farming in Nigeria may be contributory to the deterioration of the lower Intervertebral disc with consequent pain in the low back [9]. According to Sanya and Ogwumike [10], many back injuries are occupational in nature especially those occupations related to lifting and repetitive activities. ...
Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a symptom of an underlying condition, often resulting from misuse or abuse of the back due to habitual posture and continual strain. Purpose: This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence of LBP among farmers in a rural community in North Eastern Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among farmers in a rural community (N = 282) who completes a twenty six item structured questionnaire that elicits information on the farmers' socio-demographic characteristics, prevalence and history of LBP, physical dysfunction, farming performance and factors that predisposed them to LBP. Results: Overall, the study show high 12-months prevalence of LBP 222 (78.7%) and point prevalence rate (67.6%). Prevalence was higher among men 122(55.0%) than women. Seventy–four (33.3%) of participants reported having LBP one to four years ago, while 37(16.7%) reported LBP onset of less than a year. LBP was experienced almost every day by 43(19.4%) of the farmers. It caused absenteeism in close to half of them (47.3%) while over a quarter 63(28.4%) were prevented from going to farm because they could not walk efficiently. Almost half of the participants reported their LBP to be of slow progressive onset. Ninety-two (41.2%) farmers reported farming to be the cause of their LBP. Prevalence was significantly high among farmers who engaged in manual farming compared to mechanized farming and among those who had farmed for 6-10 years (p<0.001). Age and marital status tends to be significantly associated with LBP (p<0.001). The health seeking behavior of the participants was low with only (11.7%) farmers ever received medical or Physiotherapy treatment. Conclusion: The findings of this study affirm that prevalence of LBP and work absenteeism among farmers is high among rural dwellers. Recommendation: There is a need for effective strategies of back care education in order to reduce risk of developing low back pain among farmers.
... Odebiyi et al, however, reported a higher 12-month prevalence rate of 96% and 88% for LBP among the commercial motor drivers and private automobile/drivers respectively in Lagos [22]. Low back pain had been identified as one of the most costly disorder in the worldwide population, and activities such as sitting, whole body vibration and awkward postures have been associated with the risk of developing low back pain [23]. ...
... sitting straight or leaning) to reduce pain experience [29]. For instance some drivers might have unknowingly compensated for a lack of headroom by reclining the seats back more than they normally would for comfort [21,22]. More so, university community is a source of knowledge, drivers in the system might have learnt the proper sitting posture and adjustment of vehicles' seat during the course of their work. ...
... Odebiyi et al, however, reported a higher 12-month prevalence rate of 96% and 88% for LBP among the commercial motor drivers and private automobile/drivers respectively in Lagos [22]. Low back pain had been identified as one of the most costly disorder in the worldwide population, and activities such as sitting, whole body vibration and awkward postures have been associated with the risk of developing low back pain [23]. ...
... sitting straight or leaning) to reduce pain experience [29]. For instance some drivers might have unknowingly compensated for a lack of headroom by reclining the seats back more than they normally would for comfort [21,22]. More so, university community is a source of knowledge, drivers in the system might have learnt the proper sitting posture and adjustment of vehicles' seat during the course of their work. ...
Musculoskeletal pain (MSP) is usually work related and it is a common phenomenon among several occupations.
This study aimed at determining the prevalence and pattern of work related musculoskeletal pain (WRMSP) among drivers at a
Nigerian tertiary institution. An adapted Nordic musculoskeletal pain questionnaire (NMSPQ,) was distributed to all the
professional drivers who were staff of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. The response rate was 90.9%.
The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result showed that 77% of the professional drivers (PDs)
reported WRMSP once or more in their routine duties. Low back (50.5%) was the most frequently sited location of WRMSP
while shoulder (35%), knees (30.9%), neck (26.8%), ankle (26%), elbow; and hip (22.7%) were other regions. Prolonged
driving was reported to be a major cause of musculoskeletal pain (61.2%). There was significant relationship between
musculoskeletal pain intensity and duration of driving per week (r=0.348, p<0.05) and absenteeism from work (r=0.356,
p<0.05). The study concluded that MSP was prevalent among drivers at the selected institution and low back was the most
predisposed site.
