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In the current context of the pandemic triggered by SARS-COV-2, the immunization of the population through vaccination is recognized as a public health priority. In the case of SARS-COV-2, the genetic sequencing was done quickly, in one month. Since then, worldwide research has focused on obtaining a vaccine. This has a major economic impact becaus...
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Context 1
... production followed by vaccination program targeting muti-million population of different regions. Only such a complex approach will allow combatting of the coronavirus disease pandemic. New technologies do not require the work with live virus, making their production much easier, but still needing further scientific and technological evidence (Fig. ...
Context 2
... production followed by vaccination program targeting muti-million population of different regions. Only such a complex approach will allow combatting of the coronavirus disease pandemic. New technologies do not require the work with live virus, making their production much easier, but still needing further scientific and technological evidence (Fig. ...
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With 15% of severe cases among hospitalized patients1, the SARS-COV-2 pandemic has put tremendous pressure on Intensive Care Units, and made the identification of early predictors of severity a public health priority. We collected clinical and biological data, as well as CT scan images and radiology reports from 1,003 coronavirus-infected patients...
Citations
... Selecting the right vaccine type-along with the appropriate adjuvants, excipients, dosage, optimal route of administration, and booster doses-can significantly improve vaccine effectiveness against RV infections [161]. Traditional vaccines include inactivated viruses, live attenuated vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, and virus-like particles, whereas new-generation vaccines include recombinant viral vector vaccines, nucleic acid-based vaccines, and antigen-presenting cell-based vaccines [162]. Each class of vaccines has its own advantages, including genetic manipulation, strong immune response, prolonged stability, and convenience for large-scale manufacturing. ...
Emerging viral diseases, including seasonal illnesses and pandemics, pose significant global public health risks. Respiratory viruses, particularly coronaviruses and influenza viruses, are associated with high morbidity and mortality, imposing substantial socioeconomic burdens. This review focuses on the current landscape of respiratory viruses, particularly influenza and SARS-CoV-2, and their antiviral treatments. It also discusses the potential for pandemics and the development of new antiviral vaccines and therapies, drawing lessons from past outbreaks to inform future strategies for managing viral threats.
... SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been produced by numerous nations, organizations, and pharmaceutical firms. 1 The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and WHO were compelled to grant Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of the vaccinations because to the urgent necessity for vaccination. 2 It is beneficial to get immunised against the COVID-19 pandemic to stop the disease's spread and transmission. ...
Introduction: Countries around the world organised mass vaccinations using various types of vaccines against COVID-19, like inactivated viruses and mRNA. The study aimed to look at adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) of Coronavac® (SIN) and ChAdOx1 nCOV-19 ® (AZ) COVID-19 vaccines in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Subjects who received SIN or AZ vaccines were sent questionnaires twice: after they received the first and the second doses of vaccine, respectively. AEFI data on the first-and second-day post-vaccination were collected and analyzed descriptively. Results: A total of 1547 people vaccinated with SIN vaccine, 529 (33.3%) responded to the first-dose and 239 (47%) to the second-dose questionnaires, whereas 936 people vaccinated with AZ vaccine, 483 (51.6%) answered the first-dose and 123 (25%) to the second-dose questionnaires. Some important AEFIs on the first-and second-day post receiving SIN vs. AZ vaccination were as follows: fever 4% vs 59%; pain at the injection site 27% vs 87%; redness and swelling at the injection site 4% vs 18%; nausea 5% vs 30%; diarrhea 1.8% vs 5.7%, respectively. Conclusion: SIN seemed to have fewer AEFIs than AZ. Apart from different vaccine materials and excipients, the gap in AEFIs between SIN and AZ could be caused by the distinct population where AZ recipients were more exposed to COVID-19.
... It usually takes five to ten years to develop a vaccine [10], but since lives and health were at risk, the world's population could not afford to wait that long. Unfortunately, many people contracted the disease and died day after day. ...
This paper aims to study how the increase in vaccination rate in Israel affect to the behavior of COVID-19 reproduction rate, from 19 December 2020, to 25 April 2021. Multiple advanced econometrics methodologies are used to analyze the degree of persistence, to understand the relationship between these two times series and the long-term behavior. The results of our study indicate that the vaccinations cause long-run effects to COVID-19 reproduction rate and the vaccination provides useful information to predict the COVID-19 reproduction rate. Also, we determine whatever exogenous shocks related with the virus reproduction will have a very short impact over time. The first change in trend occurs on 13 January 2021, with 24.37% of the population vaccinated and when it can be seen that the increased rate of vaccinations causes the infection rate to decrease.
... SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been produced by numerous nations, organizations, and pharmaceutical firms. 1 The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and WHO were compelled to grant Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of the vaccinations because to the urgent necessity for vaccination. 2 It is beneficial to get immunised against the COVID-19 pandemic to stop the disease's spread and transmission. ...
Introduction:
Countries around the world organised mass vaccinations using various types of vaccines against COVID-19, like inactivated viruses and mRNA. The study aimed to look at adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) of Coronavac® (SIN) and ChAdOx1 nCOV-19 ® (AZ) COVID-19 vaccines in Indonesia.
Materials and methods:
Subjects who received SIN or AZ vaccines were sent questionnaires twice: after they received the first and the second doses of vaccine, respectively. AEFI data on the first- and second-day post-vaccination were collected and analyzed descriptively.
Results:
A total of 1547 people vaccinated with SIN vaccine, 529 (33.3%) responded to the first-dose and 239 (47%) to the second-dose questionnaires, whereas 936 people vaccinated with AZ vaccine, 483 (51.6%) answered the firstdose and 123 (25%) to the second-dose questionnaires. Some important AEFIs on the first- and second-day post receiving SIN vs. AZ vaccination were as follows: fever 4% vs 59%; pain at the injection site 27% vs 87%; redness and swelling at the injection site 4% vs 18%; nausea 5% vs 30%; diarrhea 1.8% vs 5.7%, respectively.
Conclusion:
SIN seemed to have fewer AEFIs than AZ. Apart from different vaccine materials and excipients, the gap in AEFIs between SIN and AZ could be caused by the distinct population where AZ recipients were more exposed to COVID-19.
... Some employees have also experienced job loss or a reduction in their income sources. Global attempts to alleviate the socioeconomic and health-related consequences of the pandemic initially relied on preventative measures (Calina et al., 2020) such as wearing masks, vaccinating, and social distancing. Given the psychological vulnerability of WD patients, it is essential to analyze their perspectives on crucial aspects such as COVID-19 vaccination, work arrangements, and income loss. ...
Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the mental health of individuals with chronic conditions such as Wilson’s Disease (WD). This study investigates stress, anxiety, depression, quality of life, cognitive function, vaccination rates, infection rates, and perceptions related to the pandemic and vaccines among WD patients.
Methods
The study analyzed COVID-19 perceptions and vaccine attitudes of 62 adult WD patients enrolled in the international multisite WD Registry. A subgroup of 33 participants completed a series of mental health scales. The effect of working essentially, income loss, wellness activity initiation, and infection of COVID-19 during the pandemic was observed.
Results
Results indicate that, overall, the pandemic did not exacerbate anxiety or cognitive function in WD patients but did lead to increased depression among essential workers. Patients experiencing income loss exhibited higher levels of stress and anxiety. Despite these challenges, WD patients showed high vaccination rates and positive attitudes towards vaccines.
Discussion
The findings underscore the significant impact of the pandemic on the mental health of WD patients.
... The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly evolved into a pandemic that poses a major threat to public health worldwide [1]. Global efforts to mitigate the impact of the pandemic and reduce health and socioeconomic impacts rely heavily on prevention efforts [2,3]. Enormous efforts by the scientific community and the pharmaceutical industry, supported by government, have been directed toward the development of effective and safe vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 [4]. ...
Background: Vaccination is probably the most effective approach to prevent and control COVID-19. Studies assessing acceptance towards vaccination showed huge regional variations. Objective: To find out the rate of acceptance of Covid 19 vaccine and its associated factors as well as to explore out both the most frequent reasons behind acceptance or refusal of this vaccine and the most received and preferred type Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 1000 visitors to primary health care centers (PHCCs) in Erbil/Iraq, aged 18 years and older, were collected from December 2021 to December 2022. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection through a direct interview. Results: The study showed that 43.9% of the participants accepted the vaccine. The main reason behind refusal (53.8%) was not trusting its development, while the main reasons for receiving were to protect themselves (44.2%), majority of those vaccinated (76.5%) received Pfizer, which was the most preferred type (67.4%), 10.3% of them were not completing the recommended dose and the most common reasons behind this were neglect and shortage of time (31%), and afraid from side effects (31%). A significant association found between vaccination practice with gender, education, occupation, family income and socioeconomic status. Vaccinated persons were less likely to be infected with COVID19 (20.7%) than nonvaccinated ones (62.7%). Conclusion: Less than half of the participants were accepted the vaccine and the acceptance rate significantly associated with male gender, education, occupation, family income, and socioeconomic status.
... The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly evolved into a pandemic that poses a major threat to public health worldwide [1]. Global efforts to mitigate the impact of the pandemic and reduce health and socioeconomic impacts rely heavily on prevention efforts [2,3]. Enormous efforts by the scientific community and the pharmaceutical industry, supported by government, have been directed toward the development of effective and safe vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 [4]. ...
Background: Vaccination is probably the most effective approach to prevent and control COVID-19. Studies assessing acceptance towards vaccination showed huge regional variations. Objective: To find out the rate of acceptance of Covid 19 vaccine and its associated factors as well as to explore out both the most frequent reasons behind acceptance or refusal of this vaccine and the most received and preferred type. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 1000 visitors to primary health care centers (PHCCs) in Erbil/Iraq, aged 18 years and older, were collected from December 2021 to December 2022. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection through a direct interview. Results: The study showed that 43.9% of the participants accepted the vaccine. The main reason behind refusal (53.8%) was not trusting its development, while the main reasons for receiving were to protect themselves (44.2%), majority of those vaccinated (76.5%) received Pfizer, which was the most preferred type (67.4%), 10.3% of them were not completing the recommended dose and the most common reasons behind this were neglect and shortage of time (31%), and afraid from side effects (31%). A significant association found between vaccination practice with gender, education, occupation, family income and socioeconomic status. Vaccinated persons were less likely to be infected with COVID19 (20.7%) than nonvaccinated ones (62.7%). Conclusion: Less than half of the participants were accepted the vaccine and the acceptance rate significantly associated with male gender, education, occupation, family income, and socioeconomic status. Keywords: COVID-19 vaccination acceptance, vaccine, primary health care centers .
... In Tunisia, the population was vaccinated with three types of vaccines: mRNA vaccines including Pfizer and Moderna; viral vector including Sputnik, Janssen & Janssen and AstraZeneca; and inactivated virus vaccines including Sinovac Coronavac and Sinopharm. 25,26 The determination of COVID-19 Variants Of Concern (VOC) typically involves genetic sequencing of the virus. This process can be more complex in certain countries, such as Tunisia, due to several challenges, including limited resources and a scarcity of national laboratories equipped for such procedures. ...
... Other studies support our results when comparing mRNA and inactivated vaccines 35,36,43 or mRNA and adenovirus vector vaccine 13,35,37,42 or adenovirus vector and inactivated vaccine, 19,35,48,49 but no study has compared all three types of vaccine. For most vaccines, these reactions are mild to moderate and temporary, 26,43,44 with no serious adverse event. [50][51][52] Another noteworthy finding is the considerable variation in side effects based on gender, with a higher prevalence of events in females compared to male as reported in the majority of the studies worldwide, 34,[39][40][41][42]43,[53][54][55][56] which is consistent with our results. ...
... 57 The reasons for this variability are numerous, ranging from genetic and immunological factors to the quality of the vaccines themselves and their administration. 26 Despite significant disparities in the prevalence and severity of side effects among these vaccinations, statistical analysis suggested that vaccines may offer similar protection against severe forms of COVID-19. 19 Hence, the importance of studying these factors in the Tunisian population and identifying their specific characteristics. ...
Background In the absence of a specific treatment for COVID-19, preventive measures have been implemented to control this pandemic and vaccination is one of them. However, it is crucial to verify the safety and efficiency of every vaccine. The aim was to determinate the predictive factors of side effects and reinfection after COVID-19 vaccine. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2022 among Tunisians infected with COVID-19 between March 2020 and February 2022, using an online self-administered questionnaire. We conducted univariate and multivariate analyses using binary stepwise logistic regression. Results A total of 1541 was selected from 1911 individuals. Comorbidities affected a quarter of the population (22.3%). Before the initial infection, 39.3% had received full vaccination, and 8.7% had received partial vaccination. By February 2022, the majority (82.9%) had received at least two vaccine doses. The reinfection rate was 30.6%. All vaccines prior to the first infection was identified as a protective factor against reinfection. Inactivated virus vaccinations were less likely to induce adverse effects. Conclusion ach vaccine has its own set of advantages and disadvantages: mRNA-based vaccines had a higher incidence of side effects but all vaccines provided better protection against reinfection.
... For example, concerns related to vaccine hesitancy broadly regard national vaccination programs, whereas others are specific to the context of COVID-19 and the available vaccines [39,42,43]. Other established factors include risk perception of harm from the virus [44], mistrust of vaccine manufacturers [45], and credibility of the vaccine development process [46]. Implying that COVID-19 mis-and disinformation may have contributed to the prevalent problem of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy [47,48]. ...
Background
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy is a global challenge. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the problem has persisted despite vaccine availability and decreasing infections. In Uganda, there is still limited information on the extent and predictors of vaccine hesitancy. This study sought to assess the prevalence and predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and the effectiveness of an intervention that involved community pharmacy counseling in combating COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
Methods
A total of 394 participants were enrolled in a 4-week prospective cohort interventional study. The study was conducted across eight community pharmacies in Mbarara City, between 9:00 AM and 5:00 PM daily. The study personnel ascertained the vaccination status of all clients seeking community pharmacy services. All unvaccinated clients were consecutively assessed for eligibility, and eligible clients were systematically enrolled after receiving the community pharmacy services for which they requested. The study intervention involved structured participant counseling (within the pharmacy premise), follow-up short message service (weekly), and telephone calls (bi-weekly). Only participants who did not accept to receive the COVID-19 vaccine despite counseling were followed up for four weeks, or until they accepted to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. The effectiveness of the community pharmacy counseling intervention was determined as an increase in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, and desirable attitudinal change towards COVID-19 disease, vaccination exercise, and vaccines. Descriptive analysis was used to summarize data, and multivariate analysis was used to determine the predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
Out of 394 participants, 221 (56%) were hesitant to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Participants expressed several reasons (mean 2±1) for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, mostly concerning vaccine safety (N=160, 47.3%). The overall COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate increased by 25.4 percent points (43.9 – 69.3 percent points) after the study intervention. Age, religion, level of education, distance from the nearest public health facility, having a friend/family diagnosed with COVID-19, and personal suspicion of contracting COVID-19 were significant predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
Conclusion
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is a big challenge in Uganda. A mix of sociodemographic and COVID-19 vaccine perceptions are the key predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Although COVID-19 vaccines were not available at the time of the study, this study found that structured counseling interventions can improve COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates. Larger prospective studies should evaluate the effectiveness of similar interventions in community pharmacies and other healthcare settings.
... Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o caso de VITT após a realização da vacina Oxford-Astrazeneca em paciente saudável, sem doenças prévias ou que tenha realizado viagem de longa distância logo após a dose do imunizante. (SHARIFIAN-DORCHE, et al. 2021;CALINA, 2020). ...
A Editora Pasteur apresenta com muito prazer a 7ª edição da coletânea de capítulos sobre Saúde Pública. Essa é uma área de interesse internacional, onde comunidades com realidades diversas trocam experiências com o objetivo de reduzir custos e
