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... total sugar content in plums (Table 5) varied between 8.5 and 19.6/100 g FW and correlated significantly with ABTS (R = 0.782, P < 0.01). TSS in cabbage was not investigated due to their comparably lower TSS concentrations (between 0.540/100 g and 4/100 g FW (Rosa, David, & Gomes, 2001;Souci et al., 2000)) compared to plum TSS concentrations. ...
Citations
... Following Kaulmann et al. [41], 250 mg of freeze-dried pea was mineralised in 7 mL HNO 3 (68%) and 3 mL H 2 O 2 (30%). The mineralisation was done in PTFE vials in a microwave furnace (Multiwave Pro, Anton Paar, Graz, Austria), by raising the temperature and pressure to 200 • C and 30 bars, respectively. ...
Though selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) constitute essential nutrients for human health, their deficiencies affect up to 15% and 17% of the global population, respectively. Agronomic biofortification of staple crops with Se/Zn may alleviate these challenges. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a nutritious legume crop that has great potential for Se/Zn biofortification. Herein, two varieties of pea (Ambassador, Premium) were biofortified via foliar application of sodium selenate (0/50/100 g of Se/ha) or zinc oxide (0/375/750 g of Zn/ha) during the flowering stage under field conditions. While no significant differences were found in Se accumulation between seed varieties upon Se treatments, selenate enhanced the accumulation of Se in the two seed varieties in a dose dependent manner. Selenium concentration was most elevated in seeds of Ambassador exposed to 100 g of Se/ha (3.93 mg/kg DW compared to the control (0.08 mg/kg DW), p < 0.001). 375 g of Zn/ha (35.7 mg/kg DW) and 750 g of Zn/ha (35.5 mg/kg DW) significantly and similarly enhanced Zn concentrations compared to the control (31.3 mg/kg DW) in Premium seeds, p < 0.001. Zinc oxide also improved accumulations of Fe, Cu, Mn, and Mg in Premium seeds. Se/Zn treatments did not significantly affect growth parameters and accumulations of soluble solids and protein in seeds. Positive and significant (p < 0.01) correlations were observed between Zn and Fe, Cu, Mn and Mg levels in Premium seeds, among others. Consuming 33 g/day of pea biofortified with Se at 50 g/ha and 266 g/day of pea biofortified with 375 g of Zn/ha could provide 100% of the RDA (55 μg) for Se and RDA (9.5 mg) for Zn in adults, respectively. These results are relevant for enhancing Se/Zn status in peas by foliar biofortification.
... Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, and kale, belonging to the genus Brassica oleracea, stand out for their high content of health-promoting phytochemicals [26]. Polyphenol content varied significantly between varieties, according to previous research [27,28]. ...
Citation: Pateiro, M.; Domínguez, R.; Munekata, P.E.S.; Nieto, G.; Bangar, S.P.; Dhama, K.; Lorenzo, J.M. Bioactive Compounds from Leaf Vegetables as Preservatives. Foods 2023, 12, 637. https://doi. Abstract: Trends toward a healthier diet are increasing attention to clean-label products. This has led to the search for new ingredients that avoid the use of chemical additives. Food industries are responding to these demands by incorporating natural preservatives into their products, which consumers perceive as healthy. Leafy vegetables would fit this strategy since they are common components of the diet and are associated with beneficial health effects. The objective of this chapter is to offer an overview of the large number of bioactive compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, glucosinolates, and sulfur compounds) present in these plants, which would be responsible for their activity as potential preservatives. Its incorporation into food would improve the quality and extend the shelf life by reducing oxidative processes and inhibiting or retarding the microbial growth that occurs during processing and storage without reducing the organoleptic characteristics of the product.
... These fruits are originally endemic to Asia, but currently are grown in different parts of the world (14) . Plums possess some characteristics that make them eligible to be examined regarding their possible health-inducing effects; including, but not limited to, their acceptable content of different micronutrients (thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, ascorbic acid, retinol, γ-tocopherol, potassium, sodium, calcium, iron, copper, magnesium, phosphorus and selenium) and anti-oxidant agents (phytochemicals such as phenolic acids and flavonols) (15,16) . When looked as a whole, this fruit seems to be a good example of what experts in the field call a 'functional food' (17) , for not only it consists of several significant essential nutrients, but it also provides extra benefits in the form of a potential potent anti-oxidant. ...
Plums are abundant in bioactive compounds which have been associated with numerous health benefits. In the present study, we aimed at examining the impact of plum supplementation on lipid profile of individuals. Electronic bibliographical databases were searched for relevant randomised clinical trials. Articles meeting our eligibility criteria were included for data extraction and final analysis. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was estimated using a random-effect model. Of the total articles retrieved in the initial search, nine articles were found to be eligible to be included in the analysis. Our results show that plum supplementation significantly improves total cholesterols levels in the unhealthy individuals. Moreover, plum supplementation reduces the LDL-c levels in the pooled sample (WMD = −11⋅52 mg/dl; 95 % CI −21⋅93, −1⋅11, P = 0⋅03, I ² = 98⋅7 %) and also in some of the subgroups of individuals (dried plum, unhealthy subjects, duration more than 8 weeks). Moreover, it had a significant reducing effect on TC levels just in unhealthy subjects. Although plum supplementation did not have any significant impact on serum levels of TG nor HDL-c. Our results show that supplementation with plums is potentially effective in reducing serum total cholesterol and LDL-c.
... In addition to anti-inflammatory potential, Brassicaceae can also present antioxidant potential. Numerous in vitro assays, such as: 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity assay [36,59,[70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78]; 2-20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS)-radical scavenging capacity assay; Ferricreducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) [58,[79][80][81] or oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay [82,83] demonstrated that extracts from various components of the Brassicaceae family, as broccoli, cabbages and cauliflowers have also high antioxidant power. In cellular models, Brassicaceae has been reported to inhibit iNOS expression and function, and thereby NO production [62]. ...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of intestinal disorders, of unknown etiology, characterized by chronic inflammation within the gut. They are gradually becoming critical because of the increasing incidence worldwide and improved diagnosis. Due to the important side effects observed during conventional therapy, natural bioactive components are now under intense investigation for the prevention and treatment of chronic illnesses. The Brassicaceae family comprises vegetables widely consumed all over the world. In recent decades, a growing body of literature has reported that extracts from the Brassicaceae family and their purified constituents have anti-inflammatory properties, which has generated interest from both the scientific community and clinicians. In this review, data from the literature are scrutinized and concisely presented demonstrating that Brassicaceae may have anti-IBD potential. The excellent biological activities of Brassicacea are widely attributable to their ability to regulate the levels of inflammatory and oxidant mediators, as well as their capacity for immunomodulatory regulation, maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity and intestinal flora balance. Possible future applications of bioactive-derived compounds from Brassicaceae for promoting intestinal health should be investigated.
... In the group of frozen raw material extracts, more anthocyanins were found in the flesh sample than in the peel extracts (1.77 ±0.18 and 1.00 ±0.07 mg cyaninidin-3-O-glucoside/L, respectively). Kaulmann et al. (2014) also evaluated the antioxidant activity of extracts of whole Mirabelle fruit evaluated using the FRAP and ABTS methods, as well as the polyphenol content (estimated by the F-C method). In their study, the concentration of flavonoids was about 65.3 mg catechin/100 g fresh material, whereas anthocyanins were 7.39 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside/100 g fresh material. ...
... tronchuda cabbage grown under organic and conventional conditions and concluded that the organically produced leaves had higher levels, most likely since mineral fertilizers and pesticides affect the production of phenolic compounds. Kaulmann et al. (2014) [76] found that the total phenolic compounds (TPC) differ significantly among different Brassica cultivars. In fact, there was large variability between the TPC of different Brassica cultivars, with the lowest concentrations for white Brassica (5.4-61.5 mg GAE /100 g FW) and the highest concentrations for red and green Brassica varieties (13-139 mg GAE /100 g FW). ...
... tronchuda cabbage grown under organic and conventional conditions and concluded that the organically produced leaves had higher levels, most likely since mineral fertilizers and pesticides affect the production of phenolic compounds. Kaulmann et al. (2014) [76] found that the total phenolic compounds (TPC) differ significantly among different Brassica cultivars. In fact, there was large variability between the TPC of different Brassica cultivars, with the lowest concentrations for white Brassica (5.4-61.5 mg GAE /100 g FW) and the highest concentrations for red and green Brassica varieties (13-139 mg GAE /100 g FW). ...
... In fact, there was large variability between the TPC of different Brassica cultivars, with the lowest concentrations for white Brassica (5.4-61.5 mg GAE /100 g FW) and the highest concentrations for red and green Brassica varieties (13-139 mg GAE /100 g FW). Total phenolic contents might vary by up to 200 percent between different broccoli cultivars [76]. Regarding the effect of drought on polyphenols, contrasting results are found in the literature [77,78]. ...
Drought tolerance of Brassica crops can be genetically improved by establishing plant ideotypes with improved yield responses associated with agronomic traits and biochemical markers. The objective of this study was to compare 20 Brassica oleracea L. accessions grown under two different water treatments (100% and 35% reintegration of evapotranspiration by irrigation) to select potential tolerant genotypes for organic cultivation based on several agronomic and biochemical parameters measured in response to drought stress. Significant differences were registered for the genotype and the irrigation regime and for their interaction (p < 0.0001 ***). A principal component analysis was performed to summarize the correlations among the analyzed phytochemicals and the stressed and not stressed genotypes and highlighted the importance of the antioxidant compounds as stress biomarkers. The present results showed that drought significantly reduces growth parameters and increases the amount of ascorbic acid and polyphenols compared to the irrigated control. Additionally, the results show that antioxidant metabolism increased by drought in some genotypes while others maintained a good biomass production by increasing the value of growth parameters considered. Based on the average sum of ranks (ASR) of morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters, the genotypes CR, CC, and BH were determined to be the most drought tolerant, whereas CI5, BU, and CV1 were determined to be the most susceptible. Due to the potential of these genotypes, further molecular and cellular research will be carried out to identify the genetic marker associated with the water stress response.
... Broccoli heads have long been recognized as a vital ingredient of a balanced, healthy diet. They have a low-calorie content of 34 kcal (142 kJ)/100 g FW, and are a good source of minerals (i.e., calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium), vitamins (i.e., B, C, E, and K), fibers, amino acids and a variety of other health-promoting molecules, such as carotenoids (ß-carotene and lutein), flavonoids (kaempferol), hydroxycinnamic acids (sinapic and caffeoyl-quinic acid derivatives), and, most importantly, glucosinolates (GLs) [7,8]. At the same time, the leaf also contains valuable phytonutrients. ...
The main objective of this study was to increase the economic value of broccoli green agro-waste using three wet fractionation methods in the shadow of green biorefinery and the circular economy. Product candidates were obtained directly by using a mechanical press, and indirectly by using microwave coagulation or via lactic acid fermentation of green juice. The leaf protein concentrates (LPC) fractions displayed significantly higher dry matter content and crude protein content (34–39 m/m% on average) than the green juice fraction (27.4 m/m% on average), without considerable changes in the amino acids composition ratio. UHPLC-ESI-ORBITRAP-MS/MS analysis showed that kaemferol and quercetin are the most abundant flavonols, forming complexes with glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acids in green juice. Lacto-ermentation induced a considerable increase in the quantity of quercetin (48.75 μg·g−1 dry weight) and kaempferol aglycons (895.26 μg·g−1 dry weight) of LPC. In contrast, chlorogenic acid isomers and sulforaphane disappeared from LPC after lactic acid fermentation, while microwave treatment did not cause significant differences. These results confirm that both microwave treatment and lacto-fermentation coagulate and concentrate most of the soluble proteins. Also, these two processes affect the amount of valuable phytochemicals differently, so it should be considered when setting the goals.
... According to the procedure of Kaulmann et al. [22], 100 mg of lyophilized pea material was weighted into a 15 mL falcon tube. Samples were then mixed with 2 mL of acetone, vortexed (1 min), sonicated (5 min), put on ice for 5 min and centrifuged for 2 min at 2500 g and 4 • C. The supernatant was transferred to a 50 mL falcon tube. ...
Selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) are important cofactors for antioxidant enzymes. Foliar Se/Zn application is a highly efficient strategy of plant biofortification. However, its effects on the accumulation of macrominerals, macronutrients and bioactive compounds in the pea plant (Pisum sativum L.) have been poorly investigated. A two-year pot experiment was performed to study responses of two pea varieties (Ambassador, Premium) to foliar-applied sodium selenate (0/50/100 g Se/ha) and zinc oxide (0/375/750 g Zn/ha) at the flowering stage. Concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, Na, soluble solids (SSC), protein, chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, total carotenoids and total condensed tannins (TCT) were determined in seeds. Mg concentration in Ambassador and chlorophyll a concentration in Premium were positively affected, in part, by selenate and zinc oxide, respectively. Selenate and zinc oxide increased, in part, protein concentration in Premium. Highest protein concentration was found in Premium treated with 375 g Zn/ha (27.6% DW) vs. the control (26.6% DW). Significant (all p < 0.001) positive correlations were found, among others, between concentrations of Zn and Mg (r2 = 0.735) and between Zn and protein (r2 = 0.437) for Ambassador, and between Mg and protein (r2 = 0.682), between Zn and Mg (r2 = 0.807), as well as between Zn and protein (r2 = 0.884) for Premium. TCT significantly (all p < 0.05) and positively correlated with SSC (r2 = 0.131), chlorophyll b (r2 = 0.128) and total chlorophyll (r2 = 0.109) for Ambassador. This study provides new nutritional data on Se/Zn biofortified peas, important for improving agronomic biofortification of pea plants.
... Our results showed that Brassica oleracea leaves extract exhibited a strong antioxidant activity, with an ORAC value of 14.9 μmol TE/g dw, a FRAP value of 670 μM/g dw, a DPPH IC 50 of 0.75 mg/mL and an ABTS IC 50 of 0.29 mg/mL (Table 1). These findings were similar or higher than those exhibited by other Brassicaceae studied previously using other extraction processes (Domínguez-Perles et al., 2010;Kaulmann et al., 2014;Bhandari and Kwak, 2015;Seong et al., 2016). The high levels of polyphenols and their flavonoid subgroups were likely responsible for the remarkable antioxidant capacities shown by Kavolì® extract, since it is known that phenolic content is strictly related to plant extracts antioxidant activity (Dai and Mumper, 2010). ...
... Although specific to the commercial product analysed, the present findings are similar to those reported by previous studies for different Brassica oleracea varieties. In fact, significant levels of chlorogenic acids and its isomers, neo-and crypto-chlorogenic acids as well as hydrocinnamic acids (ferulic, p-coumaric and sinapic acid) and protocatechuic acid have been previously reported as the principal polyphenols in leafy Brassica species, such as kale, cabbage and Brussels sprouts, and have been identified as important predictors for their strong antioxidant capacity (Cartea et al., 2011;Kaulmann et al., 2014;Sharma et al., 2015). It is important to note that polyphenols content and their extraction efficiency are dependent on the polarity of the solvent used, since it determines the solubility of polyphenols based on their structure. ...
Herein we characterized the bioactive metabolites of the aqueous extract of Kavolì®, a commercial product composed of a mixture of Brassica oleracea leaves, and assessed its potential ameliorating effects in a rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Kavolì® extract showed high levels of bioactive compounds and strong in vitro antioxidant activities. Chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids were identified as the most representative polyphenols. The administration of brassica extract to steatotic rats significantly ameliorated the levels of blood lipids and transaminases, and lipid content and inflammatory markers in liver. Oxidative stress parameters were significantly improved in both liver and brain of steatotic rats. Moreover, plasma and feces levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were bring back close to control values by Kavolì® treatment, in spite of high fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced alterations. The efficacy of Kavolì® in treating hypercholesterolemia, reducing the level of inflammation and cardiovascular disease biomarkers, steatosis and oxidative stress parameters, as well as the ability in modulating SCFAs levels is probably related to the bioactive compounds of the water extract administered to the rat model of NAFLD. In particular, the ameliorating effects are largely attributable to the high content in polyphenols observed in our study.
... The carotenoid content of the fruits ranged from 0.40 to 0.71 mg/100 g ( Fig. 4 d). This result is low compared to 1.96 and 1.90 mg/100 g reported for cherry plum and Italian plum, respectively [35] . Carotenoids are beneficial antioxidants that play a very crucial role in human health and nutrition [36] . ...
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Spondias mombin is a seasonal exotic tropical fruit with medicinal and economic benefits yet suffering huge post-harvest losses. Value addition is anticipated to improve utilization, boost economic potential and forestall the colossal post-harvest losses. The study examines the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of the fruit at different ripening stages and the characteristics of jams produced from the fruit. The in-vitro antioxidant properties of the fruit were determined viz the total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant Power (FRAP), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), Fe-chelating, the ascorbic acid as well as carotenoids contents. The fruit pulp with peel exhibited decreased level of FRAP, DPPH, TFC, Fe-chelating and vitamin C as ripening progressed while the brix and flavonoid contents increased with ripening. The fruits have soluble and insoluble fibre contents of over 20% and 60% respectively. The sucrose content increased to more than 2-fold upon ripening while the mineral contents of the fruits were not consistent with the ripening stages. The sensory evaluation showed that the jams prepared from S. mombin fruit pulp were of good quality with good consumer acceptability. S. mombin fruits and can be a source of natural antioxidant and dietary fiber. Production of acceptable jam from the fruit will greatly reduce the annual wastages while generating income.
