Figure 6 - uploaded by Susanne Stoll-Kleemann
Content may be subject to copyright.
Subsidies for Meat Production From Industrialized Countries (OECD Members), Estimates for 2012, in Billions of Dollars
Source publication
Continuing high consumption of livestock products in nearly all developed countries, and increasing demand
for livestock-based foods in large transition economies, are creating serious problems of prolonged and persistent environmental and social degradation. These problems are further exacerbated and affected by climate change and risks, biodivers...
Context in source publication
Similar publications
One of the livestock products that play an important role in improving food security in Indonesia is beef. Increased income, changes in consumption patterns and population growth and increased public knowledge about nutrition affect the need for the number of cattle being slaughtered as one of the producers of meat protein in Indonesia. The purpose...
The article is concerned with the international food safety from the point of view of steady human provision with food commodities. The article reveals the trend of food safety decline in the world, based on the analysis of the world exports / imports of agricultural crops and livestock products. The tasks for mitigation of the world food security...
A growing global population, combined with factors such as changing socio-demographics, will place increased pressure on the world's resources to provide not only more but also different types of food. Increased demand for animal-based protein in particular is expected to have a negative environmental impact, generating greenhouse gas emissions, re...
Today more important production of economic modeling of this process to assess the more effective
economic mechanism, rather than through economic indicators. This modelling is enriched to more effective
mechanisms for managing logical. Most advanced specialized in the production of agricultural products in
Uzbekistan Taylak " Siyob Shavkat Orzu...
Animal raising activities have become one of the enormously flourishing sectors in Indian agriculture. Within livestock sector, the poultry husbandry started from a backyard venture and became a commercial agro-business generating revenue to the farmers. Poultry farming, comprising of Layer farming and Broiler farming, not only enhances food securi...
Citations
... The meat and dairy industries are heavily subsidized [30]. As a result, meat prices do not reflect the cost of the products, and meat is artificially cheap compared with plant-based proteins. ...
... The EAT-Lancet report claimed that it is possible to feed 10 billion people with healthy diets and ensure the sustainability of the planet at the same time (Lucas and Horton, 2019). However, in upper-middle income countries the per capita consumption of red meat is about double the consumption limit (98 g/week) that needs to be respected to ensure the planet's sustainability (Stoll-Kleemann and O'Riordan, 2015;Willett et al., 2019). Reducing MC also has the potential to positively impact the welfare of farm animals, a topic that has received significant attention over the last decades (Pejman et al., 2021;Pejman et al., 2019;Sinclair et al., 2022). ...
... This quest was driven by the removal of subsidies and price and income support in 1984, when the government was faced with a severe fiscal crisis and implemented an ambitious deregulation programme [69]. Contrary to this, in many other countries animal products, especially those from intensive production systems, are often underpriced [70][71][72] due to government subsidies [73] and the omission of environmental and health costs associated with meat consumption [18]. ...
Simple Summary: Optimal human health requires the adequate provision of all nutrients in the correct proportions, ensuring the provision of energy and essential small molecules. All primates, including humans, are omnivorous, but our most striking difference from other primates is the remarkable diversity of diet we consume. The aim here is to examine the benefits and possible unintended consequences of using herbivore-based foods on human and animal health and welfare. The advantages of using grazed pasture for ruminant meat and milk production include (1) animal-sourced foods contain essential amino acids and micronutrients, and almost always have a higher digestibility than plant proteins, (2) greater use of pasture to feed animals could result in less use of food that could be used for human consumption, e.g., maize, soybean, and cereal crops, (3) ruminants can provide food from land otherwise unable to be used for cropping, consume feed that cannot be eaten directly by humans, and provide more than just food-they also provide leather and fibre. Animal-sourced foods are an important part of the human diet, and while some unintended consequences associated with animal health and herd management have occurred, technologies and systems to provide solutions to these are available and under refinement. Abstract: Human health and diet are closely linked. The diversity of diets consumed by humans is remarkable, and most often incorporates both animal and plant-based foods. However, there has been a recent call for a reduced intake of animal-based foods due to concerns associated with human health in developed countries and perceived impacts on the environment. Yet, evidence for the superior nutritional quality of animal-sourced food such as meat, milk, and eggs, compared with plant-based foods, indicates that consumption of animal-sourced food should and will continue. This being the case, the aim here is to examine issues associated with animal-sourced foods in terms of both the quantification and mitigation of unintended consequences associated with environment, animal health, and herd management. Therefore, we examined the role of animal proteins in human societies with reference to the UN-FAO issues associated with animal-sourced foods. The emphasis is on dominant grazed pastoral-based systems, as used in New Zealand and Ireland, both with temperate moist climates and a similar reliance on global markets for generating net wealth from pastoral agricultural products. In conclusion, animal-sourced foods are shown to be an important part of the human diet. Production systems can result in unintended consequences associated with environment, animal health, and herd management, and there are technologies and systems to provide solutions to these that are available or under refinement.
... Food habits are critical to the sustainability equation as well. In particular, meat and dairy products have important sustainability implications since livestock production gives rise to increased environmental degradation (Stoll-Kleemann & O'Riordan, 2015). According to recent research, livestock account for 14.5% of greenhouse gas emissions (Macdiarmid et al., 2015). ...
Scholarship has neglected relationships between the hidden curriculum
and environmental sustainability. The prevalence of ELT worldwide cou-
pled with the importance of behavioral norms in sustainability makes
such examinations necessary. In response, the objective of this project
was to investigate depictions of norms with implications for environ-
mental sustainability in the hidden curriculum of English language teach-
ing (ELT) materials from Japan. Methodologically, a content analysis of
3837 ELT materials used across Japan was conducted to understand
implicit portrayals of such norms. Results indicated that many behaviors
normalized in these materials were not sustainable. The promotion of
tourism to stereotypical locales and a consumerist stance were especially
notable. Since Japanese formal education is ostensibly committed to
sustainability, this research illustrates how the hidden curriculum can
work at cross purposes to the official curriculum. It also suggests a
framework for assessing environmental sustainability within the hidden
curriculum beyond ELT and outside of Japan.
... Consequently, "Death Rates" increase and as a result "Population Growth" decreases, leading to lower "Meat Demand". The existing delay between the "Rate of Meat Consumption" and "Health Damage" is critical, as it influences people's awareness of the health consequences of meat overconsumption, affecting the rate of change in the system (Stoll-Kleemann and O'Riordan, 2015). ...
... The institutional sub-system ( Figure 5) is formed by 15 variables and comprises six interconnected reinforcing loops which originate from the "Political Influence and Lobbying of the Animal Agribusinesses" (Lazarus et al., 2021) and which directly affect the "Levels of Meat Production" (Stoll-Kleemann and O'Riordan, 2015). Furthermore, this sub-system is connected to factors from the social, economic and environmental subsystems. ...
... The direct association between meat production and environmental damage is depicted evidently (Godfray et al., 2018). In the indicative balancing loop B11, an increase in the "Level of Animal Feed Agriculture" leads to an increase in "Land-use", causing "Deforestation", "Land Degradation" and "Desertification" over time (Stoll-Kleemann and O'Riordan, 2015). At the same time, in the balancing loop B9, an increase in the "Level of Meat Production" causes a rise in "Animal Manure" that, in the long-term, pollutes the "Clean Water" used for the continuous nurturing of animals (Westhoek et al., 2011). ...
Purpose: Amidst compounding crises and increasing global population’s nutritional needs, food supply chains are called to address the “diet–environment–health” trilemma in a sustainable and resilient manner. However, food system stakeholders are reluctant to act upon established protein sources such as meat to avoid potential public and industry-driven repercussions. To this effect, this study aims to understand the meat supply chain (SC) through systems thinking and propose innovative interventions to break this “cycle of inertia”.
Design/methodology/approach: This research uses an interdisciplinary approach to investigate the meat supply network system. Data was gathered through a critical literature synthesis, domain-expert interviews and a focus group engagement to understand the system’s underlying structure and inspire innovative interventions for sustainability.
Findings: The analysis revealed that six main sub-systems dictate the “cycle of inertia” in the meat food SC system, namely: (i) cultural, (ii) social, (iii) institutional, (iv) economic, (v) value chain and (vi) environmental. The Internet of Things and innovative strategies help promote sustainability and resilience across all the sub-systems.
Research limitations/implications: The study findings demystify the structure of the meat food SC system and unveil the root causes of the “cycle of inertia” to suggest pertinent, innovative intervention strategies.
Originality/value: This research contributes to the SC management field by capitalising on interdisciplinary scientific evidence to address a food system challenge with significant socioeconomic and environmental implications.
... Attention to the environment, animal welfare, and climate change are encouraging institutions and individuals to seek alternatives to conventional animal proteins (Feigin et al., 2023;Kumar et al., 2022;Parlasca & Qaim, 2022;Stranieri et al., 2017;Stoll-Kleemann & O'Riordan, 2015). The causes can be attributed to the substantial impact of livestock farming, particularly in the case of intensive practices Eisen & Brown, 2022;Rust, 2019), characterised by high stocking densities, extensive resource utilization, and densely packed livestock operations. ...
Despite growing commercial interest in novel foods, there are few studies that analyse consumer willingness to purchase them as pet food. This study aimed to test whether consumers are willing to accept the use of foods with insect-based ingredients, which are found to be poorly accepted for human consumption, to feed their pets. In our case study, we analysed the willingness of 400 Italian dog and/or cat caregivers to pay for pet foods containing insect proteins, as measured by the Multiple Price List methodology. We also explored the role of food neophobia, attention to environmental sustainability, and empathy toward one's pet. The results of the study pointed out that the usual determinants of acceptance in the consumption of novel foods, such as food neophobia and attention to environmental sustainability, play an important role even when the purchase is for the household pet, and that empathy as an expression of the pet caregiver's personal relationship with their pet becomes an additional factor. Insect-based pet foods proved to be attractive for purchase only when consumers are well informed about the product's properties in terms of sustainability and healthiness for their pets.
... İnsanların sınırsız özgürlük istekleri doğa ve hayvanlar üzerinde oldukça büyük yıkıma neden olmuştur. Endüstriyel hayvancılık, biyoçeşitliliğin azalmasına neden olan öncü sektörlerden biri olarak gösterilmektedir (Stoll-Kleemann ve O'Riordan, 2015). Hayvan yetiştiriciliği sektörleri, bir yandan hayvan besleme ve çiftlik yönetimi amaçlı olarak dünyadaki tarımsal su kaynaklarının yaklaşık %41'ini kullanırken (Heinke vd., 2020) diğer yandan da hayvansal atıklar, antibiyotikler, hormonlar, kimyasallar, gübreler ve pestisitler vb. ...
Hayvan endüstrilerinin iklim krizine katkıda bulunup çevresel sorunların artmasına yol açması sorununa karşı çevre ve hayvan refahı söylemlerinin yükselmesiyle birlikte vejetaryen pazar tüm dünyada büyümeye başlamıştır. Farklı vejetaryenlik çeşitlerini benimsemiş tüketicilerin yaşam tarzı ve tüketim tercihleri, pazaryerine doğrudan yansıyabilmektedir. Temelinde etik, sağlık, çevresel ve tinsel motivatörlerin yer aldığı vejetaryen yaşam biçimi, iyi oluş ve hayvan haklarını da kapsayan toplumsal adalet arayışı içindeki tüketicilerin sosyal kimliklerini şekillendirmektedir. Bu çalışma, farklı motivasyonlarla vejetaryenliği seçen Türk tüketicilerin, vejetaryen ideoloji temelinde iyi-oluş arayışlarını ve pazaryerindeki adaletsizliklere karşı gösterdikleri tutum ve davranışlarını incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Nitel verilerin analizi sonucunda elde edilen temel temalar, hayvanların nesneleştirilmesi; zulümsüz ürün; temel haklar, sağlık ve çevre; ötekileştirme ve grup-içi çatışma; kapitalizm ve fast-food endüstrisi çevresinde oluşmuştur.
... Agriculture has a significant impact on environment, with global agriculture using 70% of the world's freshwater and more than one third of all cultivatable land (Aleksandrowicz et al., 2016;Ritchie et al., 2022). Livestock production, especially beef, is responsible for 30% of the worlds biodiversity loss and requires 20 times more land per unit of protein than pulses (Stoll-Kleemann & O'riordan, 2015;. By shifting to more resource-efficient products such as legumes and whole grains, the stress on agricultural resources and the environment can be reduced (Davis & D'odorico, 2015;. ...
This narrative review focuses on the effects of ‘Sensory Play’ on young children's willingness to try new nutritious foods, particularly fruits and vegetables. Young children are often fussy when it comes to trying new nutritious foods. ‘Sensory Play’ is a type of early childhood sensory education that stimulates one, or more, of the five senses: taste, touch, smell, sight and sound. This review examines the literature on sensory‐based education and its effects on children's willingness to taste fruits and vegetables. Previous research has explored the use of ‘Sensory Play’ to introduce fruits and vegetables to young children, with promising results in increasing intake. However, there is a gap in research on the potential use of non‐taste exposure activities (i.e. activities that use the sense of touch, smell, sight and sound, but not taste) to increase children's willingness to try unfamiliar fruits and vegetables. The outcomes of this review explored the potential of how these sensory‐based educational tools can be used to decrease barriers of fruits and vegetables acceptance.
... emissions (Ripple et al., 2014), and 30% of biodiversity loss (Stoll-Kleemann & O'Riordan, 2015), despite only providing 37% of global protein and 18% of calories (Poore & Nemecek, 2018). Yet, demand for livestock meat continues to grow with a predicted twofold increase in livestock meat production relative to 2020 values by 2050 (Ripple et al., 2014). ...
Bivalve mollusc meat—that from mussels, clams, and oysters—offers a highly sustainable and nutritious alternative to meat from other shellfish, fish, or livestock. However, bivalves are an unpopular mass market food relative to these other meat items, limiting our ability to reap potential environmental and health benefits. Hence, this study aimed to assess current barriers to and drivers for bivalve consumption and investigated whether offering bivalves in a highly transformed (i.e., more processed) product format might help to drive consumption. The United Kingdom was used as a case study, and the study was performed via an online survey. Nutrition and quality of ingredients were key drivers, and price and convenience key barriers to bivalve consumption, with views on taste/smell/texture mixed. The more regularly individuals consumed meat, the more willing they were to try bivalves, and those who thought bivalves were healthier or more environmentally friendly than livestock were more likely to substitute bivalves for meat. Importantly, individuals were more willing to substitute highly transformed than minimally transformed (i.e., unprocessed) meats for bivalves. They were also willing to pay more for highly transformed bivalves than any other highly transformed meat product. We suggest that greater publicity regarding the health and environmental benefits of bivalve meat, and industry engagement to develop and pilot a greater range of appealing, affordable, and convenient bivalve products, are key actions that can help drive growth in the bivalve sector for planetary benefit.
... For example, meat prices should reflect the external costs of production. Before governments implement new interventions, existing subsidies for meat production should be reduced (Stoll-Kleemann & O'Riordan, 2015). In countries with high meat consumption, altering social norms is also important. ...
The production of food, especially meat, has a high environmental impact. Many believe that the introduction of alternative proteins could substantially reduce animal meat consumption, resulting in a more sustainable food system. In this review, we critically evaluate the challenges and barriers that need to be overcome to ensure that these alternative proteins have the desired effects. We focus on conventional plant-based proteins (e.g., pulses, soy, and legumes), highly processed meat analogs (e.g., Quorn and the Impossible Burger), cultured meat, and insects. For a majority of consumers, meat seems to be too attractive to be substituted by plant proteins, cultured meat, or insects. There are certainly niche markets for these products, but worldwide meat consumption is still likely to grow in the future. We argue that technological solutions alone are not sufficient to substantially reduce meat consumption and that additional measures are needed.