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Similar to their Western counterparts, children in Hong Kong generally fail to reach the recommended levels of physical activity (PA). As an ultra-dense metropolis, Hong Kong is different from most Western cities. It is therefore important to update and appraise previous PA research in order to inform future PA promotion for Hong Kong children. Usi...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... indicated in Table 1, the majority of PA research on children in Hong Kong has been conducted after 2011, with k = 20 articles published at the period of 2011-2015 (31.7%) and k = 25 articles published at the period of 2016-2020 (39.7%). As for the age range of participants, a majority of the studies focused on the school-aged children 6-12 years old (81.0%), with a relatively small percentage of studies focused on preschool children aged 3-5 years old (14.3%), and even less studies covering both the preschool and school-aged children (4.8%). ...Similar publications
Article History This meta-analysis study synthesizing the results of experimental and quasi experimental studies examined the effects of self-assessment interventions on student academic performance from primary education to higher education. A total of 16 studies with 46 effect sizes involving more than 7,650 participants were included in the anal...
Citations
... A comprehensive reporting of the space-time-sensitive PA pattern and correlates can facilitate the comprehension of the spatial and temporal competition between daily tasks, informing policymakers to formulate effective interventions to promote PA. Literature review plays a role in such a regard, but the existing review papers always report total PA or, less commonly, only PA at a specific time and correlates (Bauman et al., 2012;Ding et al., 2011;He et al., 2014;Zhang et al., 2020). Ding et al. (2011) acknowledged the domain-specific correlates and so excluded papers that conceptually mismatched the environmental correlates and the PA outcome for review. ...
... In 2022, 33 % of children were overweight or obese, and 66.3 % were physically inactive, warranting an effective intervention (Leisure and Cultural Services Department, 2023). Previous review papers in HK have compiled the patterns and correlates of PA (He et al., 2014;Zhang et al., 2020), while the space-time component appears limited. ...
... Second, the inclusion criteria accepted samples with a mean age between 6 and 12, potentially including samples beyond this age range. It is acknowledged as a compromised approach for including more eligible studies with potential bias (Zhang et al., 2020). Future studies could consider using a stricter approach for screening the literature. ...
Transportation significantly modulates physical activity (PA), directly through active travel and indirectly by offering access to PA opportunities. A comprehensive understanding of PA patterns and correlates can inform decision-making. However, previous reviews often neglect the space-time dimensions of PA's pattern and correlates and the complex interplay of daily activities that shape children's lifeworld and, subsequently, their PA. This paper integrates a space-time framework to conduct a systematic scoping review of the children's PA and its correlates, identifying research gaps to enhance spatial-temporal resolution. This scoping review focuses on children aged 6-12 in Hong Kong. With 574 records from online databases, 37 reports met the inclusion criteria. There are 136 observations of PA conduct, with 65% emphasizing PA intensity and 61% recording only daily mean states. Additionally, from 221 observations of PA correlates, 56.1% focus on total daily PA measured by intensity. This review attempts to segment PA into different time domains and explore multi-level factors. Current evidence on the space-time patterns of PA (when, how, where?) remains limited, particularly for weekends, transportation, and home. Besides, few studies consider the interaction of multi-level factors over space and time, and none examine the PA outcome out of the competition among daily activities for time and participation. This review highlighted some research gaps and suggested potential interdisciplinary collaborations to enhance the understanding of PA patterns and their correlates.
... Where this research wants to prove the effect of physical activity, interpersonal intelligence, emotional intelligence on the physical education academic achievement of elementary school students. The physical activity instrument used was the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQC) [28] which had been translated into Indonesian and modified. The PAQC has been widely used in research and field settings (e.g., school context) to discern general levels of PA over the last seven days in children aged 8-14 years, even if it should not be used to assess PA in the summer or holiday periods. ...
Background and Study Aim. Physical Education not only develops physical aspects but also critical thinking, reasoning skills, and affective aspects, including social skills and personal traits like caring and cooperation. The study aims to examine the effect of physical activity, interpersonal intelligence, and emotional intelligence on the academic achievement of Physical Education Elementary School Students. Materials and Methods. The research uses a quantitative, correlational approach. The study population consisted of 102 elementary school students aged 9-12 years (54 males, 48 females). The physical activity instrument used was the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C). The interpersonal intelligence instrument was adapted from the Anderson Social Insight, Social Sensitivity, and Social Communication dimensions. The emotional intelligence instrument was the “Emotional Quotient Inventory: Young Version (EQ-i: YV). The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version 21 software. The level of statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05. Results. The results showed that: (1) physical activity has a significant effect on the physical education academic achievement of elementary school students (p-value 0.006 <0.05). (2) Interpersonal intelligence has a significant effect on the academic achievement of physical education elementary school students, (p-value 0.000 <0.05). (3) Emotional Intelligence has a significant effect on physical education academic achievement of elementary school students, (p-value 0.005 < 0.05). Conclusions. In particular, learners who exercise show greater intrapersonal and emotional intelligence, adaptability, and mood compared to those who do not exercise in an organized way. Physical education teachers are expected to assign physical activities for students to complete at home under parental supervision, with the results reported to the teacher for an additional assignment grade.
... In China, the structured, discipline-oriented curriculum, bolstered by strict daily exercise routines and a strong focus on competitive sports, results in enhanced levels of physical fitness and discipline among students. However, this method may prioritize athletic performance at the expense of broader participation, potentially limiting the development of non-athletic students (Zhang et al., 2020). The centralized policy framework ensures consistency in the delivery of PE, yet it can also impose strict structures that may not cater to the individual needs of students. ...
This study offered a literature of Physical Education (PE) strategies employed in the United States, China, and Nigeria, shedding light on diverse approaches influenced by unique cultural, societal, and governmental factors. In the United States, a flexible and inclusive PE curriculum prioritizes student engagement and lifelong physical activity through diverse activities and personalized instruction. Conversely, China's structured PE programs emphasize discipline, physical fitness, and early talent identification, supported by robust government policies. Nigeria's PE teaching strategies integrate cultural relevance, community involvement, and adaptive resource utilization to promote physical activity despite resource constraints. Through cross-cultural learning and recommendations for government investment, teacher training, community engagement, and health education integration, stakeholders can enhance PE programs globally, fostering physical activity, sports participation, and overall well-being among students.
... Several previous reviews have examined the prevalence, correlates, and health outcomes of these movement behaviours in isolation in the Chinese population. [51][52][53] Concurrently, while there has been consistent growth in literature addressing 24-h movement behaviours, 47,54 no review has been conducted to examine the entire 24-h movement behaviours in the Chinese population. Scoping reviews are a useful method for mapping the evidence in a given research area, which is useful in identifying gaps in the literature and prioritized areas for future research, policy and practice. ...
Background：
Numerous studies examining 24-hour movement behaviours have been exponentially published globally. However, no comprehensive reviews summarized and synthesized the evidence on the Chinese population. This review aimed to map the most recent research state and fill the gaps related to 24-hour movement behaviours in the Chinese population.
Methods：
Five electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and CNKI (Chinese database)) were searched from their inceptions through October 2023. Quantitative studies published in English and/or Chinese were included if they were related to 24-hour movement behaviours in the Chinese population.
Results：
From 9431 documents screened, 53 met the inclusion criteria. All the included studies were published between 2019 and 2023, showing a notable increasing trend over the years. Most studies used cross-sectional designs (96.2%) and self-reported measures (56.6%). Nearly all the studies targeted general healthy population (96.2%), especially children and adolescents (64.2%). The main three research topics observed were health outcomes (81.1%), prevalence (66.0%), and correlates (15.1%) of 24-hour movement behaviours.
Conclusion：
24-hour movement behaviours in the Chinese population has been an increasingly important research topic in the literature, with predominant focus on children and adolescents (study population), self-report measure (measurement), cross-sectional design (study design), guidelines adherence (study topic), and health outcomes examination (study topic). These findings delineate a research landscape in the Chinese population, and highlight the research gaps needed to be addressed. Future studies are suggested to target these research gaps, expanding evidence base for the Chinese populations. For instance, more studies using device-based measures, longitudinal or interventional designs, as well as qualitative and mixed-methods approaches are required.
... These factors have contributed to a disproportionate burden of overweight and obesity in the population, especially among children. 10,11 There are reports that the physical activity levels of young children in the Asia-Pacific region are low in comparison with their counterparts in the West, 12,13 and physical activity levels usually decline with age. 6 For example, studies have shown that 89% of pre-schoolers in Taiwan and 34% in Japan do not meet national physical activity recommendations, 14,15 65% of pre-schoolers in China and 44% in Australia do not meet the WHO total physical activity recommendation, 16,17 and 40% of those in Singapore do not meet the WHO recommendation for moderate-to vigorous-intensity physical activity (moderate-intensity physical activity is equivalent to 4-7 metabolic equivalent of tasks, METs, in children and >7 METs is classified as vigorous-intensity). ...
Background Early childhood is a vital period for development and growth. Promoting beneficial lifestyle behaviours in early childhood can help optimise children's health, development and learning, shape their behaviours in adulthood and offer the best protection against future non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In the Asia-Pacific region, NCDs are significant causes of healthcare burden and mortality. Furthermore, there is also a high prevalence of adverse metabolic risk factors and unhealthy lifestyle behaviours among these children.
... These factors have contributed to a disproportionate burden of overweight and obesity in the population, especially among children. 10,11 There are reports that the physical activity levels of young children in the Asia-Pacific region are low in comparison with their counterparts in the West, 12,13 and physical activity levels usually decline with age. 6 For example, studies have shown that 89% of pre-schoolers in Taiwan and 34% in Japan do not meet national physical activity recommendations, 14,15 65% of pre-schoolers in China and 44% in Australia do not meet the WHO total physical activity recommendation, 16,17 and 40% of those in Singapore do not meet the WHO recommendation for moderate-to vigorous-intensity physical activity (moderate-intensity physical activity is equivalent to 4-7 metabolic equivalent of tasks, METs, in children and >7 METs is classified as vigorous-intensity). ...
Background
Early childhood is a vital period for development and growth. Promoting beneficial lifestyle behaviours in early childhood can help optimise children's health, development and learning, shape their behaviours in adulthood and offer the best protection against future non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In the Asia–Pacific region, NCDs are significant causes of healthcare burden and mortality. Furthermore, there is also a high prevalence of adverse metabolic risk factors and unhealthy lifestyle behaviours among these children.
Method
Representatives from 19 Asia–Pacific nations and/or jurisdictions developed a consensus statement on integrated 24-hour activity guidelines for the early years using the GRADE-ADOLOPMENT framework.
Findings
These guidelines apply to all infants, toddlers and pre-schoolers below 5 years of age. The guidelines aim to provide a holistic and practical approach to lifestyle activities by framing physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep within a 24-hour period. Dietary patterns were included as they play an integral role in metabolic health and energy balance.
Interpretation
Aligned with the World Health Organization's Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs through health promotion interventions in early life, through cultivating healthy lifestyle behaviours in the children's early years, we aim to provide children with the best start in life and reduce the burden of future NCDs in the Asia–Pacific region.
Funding
Funded by Integrated platform for research in advancing metabolic health outcomes of women and children
... Most studies included in previous systematic reviews were conducted in sprawled and low-dense areas in the United States and Australia. While a few systematic reviews of studies conducted in Asia exist, the included samples are not restricted to those living in dense urban areas Day, 2016;Muller et al., 2020;Zhang et al., 2020;Zhu et al., 2016). Since public and private green areas are becoming smaller and decreasing in number in dense urban areas of East Asia (Bagan and Yamagata, 2014;Fuller and Gaston, 2009;Haaland and van den Bosch, 2015), there is an emerging need to provide high-quality POS for urban residents. ...
... It was impossible to parse out this difference in other studies and further analyze if participants who demonstrated or reported a higher level of physical activity was already more active in their daily routines. Lastly, the number of studies included in this systematic review is lower than in previous reviews conducted in Asia (Day, 2016;Zhang et al., 2020), resulting from our inclusion criterion of only including studies conducted in dense urban areas. This criterion excluded all retrieved studies conducted in South Korea and some studies in Japan. ...
In the context of rapid urbanization, public open spaces in dense urban areas are critical built environment elements to support active lifestyles. Several reviews have explored the associations of public open space attributes with physically active and sedentary behavior. However, few reviews have included studies from Asia, and no studies have focused on dense urban areas. This systematic review analyzed 18 observational studies investigating associations between public open space attributes with physical activity and/or sedentary behavior in dense urban areas of East Asian countries, including Japan, Taiwan, China, and Hong Kong. We found that closer distance to and a greater number of public open spaces and features within them were positively associated with leisure-time physical activity. Places near water features and corridors within public open spaces were associated with more sedentary behavior. These findings inform landscape and urban design guidelines for (re)designing public open spaces to support active lifestyles within high dense urban areas.
Introduction. A sufficient level of physical activity (PA) is crucial for maintaining population health. There is a wide range of methods and approaches to PA assessment, such as questionnaires that are a convenient tool for assessment of PA levels. Another modern way to assess PA is individual wearable devices, including accelerometers. Data obtained from accelerometers and other tools can contribute to questionnaire results used in PA studies. Purpose. This review was carried out with the aim of considering modern trends, examples and common methods of physical activity assessment of city residents. Materials and methods. Relevant information was collected using PubMed and E-Library databases. Google and Yandex search systems were used to obtain additional data. Results. This paper describes global trends in modern PA studies, presents the examples of Russian and foreign papers on PA of city population, as well as summarizes the main features of PA assessment tools. Notably, PA can be assessed using subjective and objective methods. International and national questionnaires are widely applied as a subjective assessment tool. At the same time, technologies for objective assessment based on digital systems, wearable devices and other approaches to PA monitoring are being developed. Methods for assessing PA can be selected in several stages using decision-making algorithms. Conclusions. Upon the obtained results we assume that modern study design and methods of assessment of FA level among city residents helps to identify factors influencing the formation and maintenance of healthy lifestyle in urban environment.
