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A longer exposure time generally improves individuals’ ability to recognize faces. The current research investigates whether this effect varies between genders and whether it is influenced by the gender of the exposed faces. Based on a set of four experimental studies, we advance our knowledge of face recognition, gender, gender distribution of exp...
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Feelings, or affect, are a fundamental part of human experience. Arousal and valence make up core affect and have received intense study in affective computing. Speech and facial features have been extensively studied as predictors of core affect. Other indicators of affect include head-and eye-based gestures, yet these are underexplored for affect...
A multitude of applications in engineering, ore processing, mineral exploration, and environmental science require grain recognition and the counting of minerals. Typically, this task is performed manually with the drawback of monopolizing both time and resources. Moreover, it requires highly trained personnel with a wealth of knowledge and equipme...
Citations
... Furthermore, experts are mainly female, a kind of gender imbalance in the research. Hensen et al. revealed that women's face recognition ability was more likely to decrease when exposure time was lower [11]. However, women participating in this study showed women experts won higher CFMT scores, which was partially different from the study done by Hensen. ...
When humans want to befriend someone, they must remember what their faces look like and try to link faces and names together. Sometimes, they may mismatch some of their friends due to the high similarity of faces. Indeed, they may not observe faces carefully so that information from faces is not deeply stored in their mind. People trained in visual art may have a stronger ability to recognize the features and structures of subjects than those who never undergo any art training. They may distinguish similar faces from the aspects common people are unaware of and accurately link faces to names in their brains. In order to explore whether regular visual art training can enhance people's face recognition & memory ability, experts and non-experts were invited to finish a self-reported questionnaire about their subjective face recognition ability, and an objective face recognition test called Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT). Through these two exams, the results found were not powerful enough to confirm the hypothesis, which meant the relation between visual art training and face recognition ability was still ambiguous.
... Similarly, the observed variations in memory-related areas, such as the PHG, could signify females' more efficient access to and precision in memory recall [27,28]. Furthermore, differences in cortical activation within the ColS, implicated in face recognition, mirror those in studies indicating females' advantage in recognizing faces [29], particularly those of their own gender [30][31][32][33]. ...
Introduction
Research on gender-based disparities in human brain structure has spanned over a century, yielding conflicting results and ongoing debate. While some studies indicate minimal distinctions, others consistently highlight differences in the corpus callosum (CC), even after accounting for average brain size.
Methods
Diverging from previous approaches, this study examines the morphology of the entire CC fiber rather than solely focusing on its midsagittal structure. Utilizing advanced neuroimaging techniques and generalized Q-imaging tractography, CC streamlines were constructed to assess gender differences in fractional anisotropy (FA), volume ratio, and cortical distribution. Student’s t-test was employed to examine the disparities in FA between gender groups, while gender-based distinctions in the normalized volume of the CC and its segments were assessed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), with absolute whole white matter volume serving as a covariate.
Results
No significant gender-based disparities were found in either FA or normalized CC volume. While females exhibited consistently larger normalized volume CC streamlines than males, these differences lost statistical significance after adjusting for absolute total white matter volume as a covariate. Nonetheless, CC streamlines in females displayed a broader spatial distribution, encompassing various cortical regions, including the bilateral prefrontal cortex (medial and lateral surfaces), as well as medial parietal and temporal regions.
Conclusion
This study elucidates gender-related variations in the morphology of the brain's white matter pathways, indicating a more widespread cortical distribution of CC fibers in females compared to males. However, the study underscores the need for further investigations into connectivity patterns to fully elucidate these gender-based disparities.
... This idea is supported by numerous observations of females recognising facial emotion expressions faster and more accurately than males (e.g. Hampson et al., 2006;Lee et al., 2013;Rahman et al., 2004;Vassallo et al., 2009;Wells et al., 2016;Wingenbach et al., 2018) and females also showing superior memory recognition for same sex faces (Hansen et al., 2021). ...
Background:
The ‘beer goggles’ phenomenon describes sexual attraction to individuals when alcohol intoxicated whom we would not desire when sober. One possible explanation of the effect is that alcohol impairs the detection of facial asymmetry, thus lowering the drinker’s threshold for physical attraction.
Aims:
We therefore tested the hypotheses that higher breath alcohol drinkers would award more generous ratings of attractiveness to asymmetrical faces, and be poorer at discriminating bilateral facial asymmetry than less intoxicated counterparts.
Methods:
Ninety-nine male and female bar patrons rated 18 individual faces for attractiveness and symmetry. Each type of rating was given twice, once per face with an enhanced asymmetry and once again for each face in its natural form. Participants then judged which of two same-face versions (one normal, the other perfectly symmetrised) was more attractive and, in the final task, more symmetrical.
Results:
Alcohol had no influence on attractiveness judgements but higher blood alcohol concentrations were associated with higher symmetry ratings. Furthermore, as predicted, heavily intoxicated individuals were less able to distinguish natural from perfectly symmetrised face versions than more sober drinkers.
Conclusions:
Findings therefore suggest alcohol impairs face asymmetry detection, but it seems that this perceptual distortion does not contribute to the ‘beer goggles’ phenomenon.
... Similar findings have been demonstrated by Cárdenas et al. (2013), where men looked longer and fixated more on infant faces, however, this was dependent on being paired with an adult male face. Alternatively, women have been shown to be more proficient in facial recognition and outperform men in recognizing faces of the same gender with limited exposure time (Hansen, Zaichkowsky, & de Jon, 2021;Rehnman & Herlitz, 2007), which may result in viewing then less. ...
In humans, the allocation of resources, such as parental care and attention, is vital to offspring survival. Life history strategies are influenced by cues in the environment, particularly those that signal the availability of resources. What has yet to be determined is how individuals allocate resources to infants as a function of perceived ecological harshness and life history strategy. In the current research we hypothesized that perceived ecology would influence infant ratings (Study 1), and that visual attention to infant phenotypes would be associated with life history strategies (Study 2). Study 1 investigated the effect of ecological conditions (control vs. harsh) on preferences to infant phenotypes (i.e., underweight, average weight, overweight). Participants (N = 246) were less likely to rate infants favorably under a harsh ecological condition. Study 2 investigated visual perception in processing infant images. Using an eye-tracking task, participants (N = 239) viewed images of infants while their eye movements were recorded. Participants displayed an early attentional bias (i.e., first fixation duration) to the head of the infant and focused most of their visual attention to the torso of infants (i.e., total visit duration). The results of the both studies indicate that ecological factors play an important role in rating infants, and data from eye-tracking demonstrates that phenotypes influence the amount of attention given to infants.
... During a typical test, a serial list of unfamiliar faces was displayed for few seconds each, and participants were requested to memorize these faces, as they had to identify them from unfamiliar faces later. In such studies, women superiority in face identification was consistently represented by their higher accuracy compared to men (Megreya et al., 2011;Godard et al., 2013;Hansen et al., 2021;Wong and Estudillo, 2022). Furthermore, Sun et al. (2017) used a modified delayed matching-to-sample task to investigate the time course characteristics of face identification by eventrelated potential (ERP) for both sexes. ...
... Identification accuracy and time differed between men and women. A study on female facial expression identification demonstrated that women have faster and more accurate reaction times than men (Lewin and Herlitz, 2002), and also confirmed by other studies (Megreya et al., 2011;Godard et al., 2013;Hansen et al., 2021;Wong and Estudillo, 2022). Lewin and Herlitz (2002) indicated that women's higher face recognition performance was hypothesized to be related to either their higher verbal ability or to their superiority in recognizing female faces. ...
Mask wearing is the easiest and most effective way to avoid COVID-19 infection; however, it affects interpersonal activities, especially face identification. This study examined the effects of three mask coverage levels (full coverage, FC; coverage up to the middle [MB] or bottom of the nose bridge [BB]) on face identification accuracy and time. A total of 115 university students (60 men and 55 women) were recruited to conduct a computer-based simulation test consisting of 30 questions (10 questions [five face images each of men and women] for the three mask coverage levels). One unmasked target face and four face images with a specified mask coverage level were designed for each question, and the participants were requested to select the same face from the four covered face images on the basis of the target face. The ANOVA results indicated that identification accuracy was significantly affected by sex (p < 0.01) and the mask coverage level (p < 0.001), whereas identification time was only influenced by sex (p < 0.05). The multiple comparison results indicated that the identification accuracy rate for faces wearing a mask with FC (90.3%) was significantly lower than for those wearing masks with coverage up to the MB (93.7%) and BB (94.9%) positions; however, no difference in identification accuracy rate was observed between the MB and BB levels. Women exhibited a higher identification accuracy rate than men (94.1% vs. 91.9%) in identifying unfamiliar faces, even though they may spend less time identifying the images. A smaller mask coverage level (i.e., the BB level) does not facilitate face identification. The findings can be served as a reference for people to trade-off between wearing a mask and interpersonal interaction in their daily activities.
... До них відносять завдання на просторове мислення [7], вправи з фотографічною (зоровою) пам'яттю [8], вправи на концентрацію уваги, здатність розпізнавання міміки облич, визначення їхньої емоційної модальності тощо. Було показано, що за однаковий проміжок часу жінки здатні детальніше опрацьовувати візуальну інформацію, пов'язану з розпізнаванням людських облич [9]. Тому компонент N170, що в літературі традиційно пов'язаний із розпізнаванням облич, у жінок має вищу амплітуду [10]. ...
The calculation of the difference in peaks of the event-related potential in men during exposure to different-sex faces with differential emotional modality using the MATLAB and EEGLAB software packages. The electrical activity of the brain of 20 male students of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University was recorded to identify the difference in the activation of brain structures during the demonstration of portraits of different sexes with positive and negative emotional modalities. Statistically significant differences in peak amplitude were recorded for components N250, N400, and P300 when subjects were presented with male and female portraits with a positive emotional modality, while when exposed to a series of images with a negative emotional modality, no statistical differences were registered in any of the componenStatistically significant differences in the peak amplitude were recorded for the N250, N400, and P300 components when subjects were presented with male and female portraits with a positive emotional modality, while when exposed to a series of images with a negative emotional modality, no statistical differences were registered in any of the components.
When Face Recognition Goes Wrong explores the myriad ways that humans and machines make mistakes in facial recognition. Adopting a critical stance throughout, the book explores why and how humans and machines make mistakes, covering topics including racial and gender biases, neuropsychological disorders, and widespread algorithm problems. The book features personal anecdotes alongside real-world examples to showcase the often life-changing consequences of facial recognition going wrong. These range from problems with everyday social interactions through to eyewitness identification leading to miscarriages of justice and border control passport verification.
Concluding with a look to the future of facial recognition, the author asks the world’s leading experts what are the big questions that still need to be answered, and can we train humans and machines to be super recognisers? This book is a must-read for anyone interested in facial recognition, or in psychology, criminal justice and law.
