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Study 1: Assessment Periods for Self-Esteem Scales and Criterion Measures
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... validate our single-item scale, measures of theoretical relevance to self-esteem were selected from the larger set of measures included in the longitudinal study. Table 1 shows the assessment periods when participants completed each measure. ...
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Citations
... SD = 5.51), with higher scores indicating higher psychological distress. Self-esteem was measured with a single-item self-esteem scale including a statement: "I have high self-esteem" (Robins et al., 2001). The scale ranged from 1 (not very true of me) to 7 (very true of me; M = 5.00, SD = 1.40). ...
Hostile online communication is a global concern. Academic research and teaching staff are among those professionals who routinely give public comments and are thus vulnerable to online attacks. This social psychological and criminological study investigated online harassment victimization among university researchers and teachers. Survey participants ( N = 2,492) were university research and teaching staff members from five major universities in Finland. Victimization was assessed with a 20-item inventory. The study included a wide range of both background and general measures on well-being at work. Participants also took part in an online experiment involving a death threat targeting a colleague. Results showed that 30% of the participants reported being victims of online harassment during the prior 6 months. Victims were more often senior staff members, minority group members, and from the social sciences and humanities. Those active in traditional or social media were much more likely to be targeted. Victims reported higher psychological distress, lower generalized trust, and lower perceived social support at work than non-victims. Individuals who were targeted by a colleague from their work community reported higher post-traumatic stress disorder scores and a higher impact of perceived online harassment on their work compared to other victims. In the experimental part of the study, participants reported more anxiety when a close colleague received a death threat. Participants also recommended more countermeasures to a close colleague than to an unknown person from the same research field. Results indicate that online harassment compromises well-being at work in academia. There is an urgent need to find ways of preventing online harassment, both in workplaces and in society at large.
... Higher scores indicate higher levels of self-esteem. The scale has been favoured for use by several researchers and is noted to have undergone several rounds of psychometric analysis and validation lending further credence to its utility [82][83][84]. Several researchers also tend to favour treating self-esteem as a continuous variable from the scores obtained from the self -esteem scale which is what we also adopted [85][86][87]. ...
Background
On the African continent, many people live in conditions of adversity known to be associated with the onset of mental disorders, yet not all develop a mental disorder. The prevalence of common mental disorders such as depression and anxiety in the general population of Nigeria is comparatively low. Prevalence data of mental disorders in slum settings in Nigeria is sparse. There is a need to better understand the relationship between protective factors and the occurrence of common mental disorders in the Nigerian slum context. This study aimed to describe the relationship between protective factors and the occurrence of common mental disorders among female urban slum dwellers in Ibadan, Nigeria.
Methods and findings
A cross sectional household survey of 550 women was conducted in slum settlements in Ibadan, Nigeria. Interviewer administered questionnaires were completed to elicit information on protective factors (social connectedness, self-esteem, social support, resilience) and common mental disorders (depression, anxiety and stress). The DASS-21 was used to measure common mental disorders and protective factors were measured using the Social Connectedness Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Resilience scale and the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale. A multivariable logistic regression model was employed to examine associations while adjusting for relevant confounders. Common mental disorders were reported by 14.0% of the respondents. Resilience and social support were found to be protective against reporting symptoms of common mental disorders. Women who reported higher levels of social support and resilience were less likely to report common mental disorders (OR:0.96, 95% CI 0.93, 0.98) and (OR:0.95, 95% CI 0.91, 0.99) respectively. Women who were 65 years and older were also less likely to report the occurrence of common mental disorders (OR:0.38, 95% CI 0.15, 0.98) compared to those aged 18–34 years.
Conclusion
Social support and resilience appear to be protective against common mental disorders among these respondents. Further research should be conducted to explore the pathways through which protective factors reduce the likelihood of the occurrence of common mental disorders. This would be important in the development of mental health interventions.
... have been found for the RSES in P r e -P r i n t 15 STIGMA OF LONELINESS SCALE previous studies (Gray-Little et al., 1997), and a coefficient alpha of .89 was found in the current study. Validity was evidenced through significant positive correlations with life satisfaction, physical well-being, and positive dispositional affect, and negative correlations with neuroticism, negative dispositional affect, depression, and perceived stress (Robins et al., 2001). ...
The purpose of this study was to validate the use and interpretation of scores derived from the Stigma of Loneliness Scale (SLS) with a sample of college students from a large, Midwestern university. A two-factor oblique solution with 10 items was selected through exploratory factor analysis and cross-validated through confirmatory factor analysis. Correlational evidence was demonstrated through positive correlations with loneliness and shame scores, and a negative correlation with social connectedness scores. Construct evidence was demonstrated through positive correlations with self-concealment and depression scores, and a negative association with distress disclosure scores. For incremental validity, items on the SLS accounted for additional variance in predicting contingent self-worth based on approval from others, shame, self-esteem, and social self-efficacy above and beyond scores on a measure of loneliness. The internal structure of the SLS was invariant across gender groups and across Time 1 and Time 2 assessments.
... The RSES has been widely used in social sciences research. It is valid and reliable (Gray-Little, Williams, & Hancock, 1997;Robins, Hendin, & Trzesniewski, 2001). The Cronbach's α coefficient for the RSES was 0.87 in the present study. ...
Self-affirmation is the act of focusing on important aspects of the self, such as personal values and characteristics. We used a within-participants design (N = 125) to examine cardiovascular reactivity and self-reported affective responses to the practice of self-affirmation. In the self-affirmation condition, we asked participants to write about their top-ranked personal value for 5 minutes and used a writing exercise unrelated to personal values in the control condition. The International Affective Picture System (IAPS; Lang et al., 2005) was used to induce positive and negative emotion. Results showed that participants had greater high frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) when practicing self-affirmation. During negative emotion induction, self-affirmation also led to lower maximum heart rate, higher RSA, and lower ratings of negative affect. Our findings suggest that the act of focusing on an important aspect of self has beneficial effects on psychological and physiological well-being. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
... Higher scores indicate higher self-esteem. The RSES has demonstrated good internal consistency across a variety of samples, with Cronbach's alpha ranging from .72 to .90 (Gray-Little, Williams, & Hancock, 1997;Robins, Hendin, & Trzesniewski, 2001). ...
While some media perpetuate weight stigma and an ideal of thinness, certain advertising campaigns, such as Aerie Real and Dove Real Beauty, have attempted to promote body acceptance. The current study evaluated the influence of exposure to these campaigns on weight bias, internalized weight bias (IWB), self-esteem, body image, and affect relative to exposure to a campaign perpetuating the thin ideal and a documentary on weight stigma.
475 female participants were randomized to one of five conditions: Aerie, Dove, Victoria’s Secret, an HBO documentary, or control (i.e., neutral video clip). Participants completed measures of weight bias, IWB, self-esteem, body image, and affect one week prior to and immediately after watching the assigned video clip.
Results showed positive effects of the Aerie and Dove campaigns on women. While global measures of weight bias and IWB were unchanged, women who viewed the Dove and Aerie campaigns reported significantly improved self-esteem and positive affect. Further, women found the campaigns to have positive, uplifting, and empowering messages.
Aerie’s and Dove’s acceptance-promoting advertising campaigns positively influenced self-esteem and mood, and they are potential tools for weight bias reduction. Advertisements and media have the potential to impact weight-based attitudes in society.
... In accordance with Specht et al.'s (2013) specifications, we aggregated the scores into a scale with higher values indicating internal locus of control and a reported Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.70 for this wave (Richter et al. 2013). Selfesteem was measured with the single item, "i have a positive attitude toward myself," which has been shown to be reliable and valid in adult samples (Robins et al. 2001). ...
PurposeWe examined 10 job characteristics in a large population-based sample and tested for positive and negative effects on mental health. In addition, we tested for possible effects on mental health from interactions with locus of control and self-esteem.Methods
The sample comprised longitudinal data on 2353 male and 1960 female employees from the German socio-economic panel collected between 2010 and 2012. Mental health was assessed with the mental component summary score derived from the short-form 12 health survey. We computed hierarchical regression analyses while controlling for potential confounds and baseline mental health. Interaction effects were specified with post hoc simple slope analyses.ResultsTime pressure, interruptions, job insecurity, and conflicts were negative predictors of mental health in all models. The personal resource of self-esteem was a positive predictor. Moreover, there were interactions: opportunities for promotion were beneficial only for employees with medium or high levels of self-esteem, whereas the contrary was true for employees with very low self-esteem. Working on weekends was negatively related to mental health for people with moderate to low internal control but not for people with high internal control.Conclusions
The findings suggest that there are job demands that are related to poor mental health regardless of personal resources. These aspects are important to consider in workplace risk assessment. By contrast, with other job characteristics (e.g., opportunities for promotion, weekend work), the effects vary between individuals.
... This 10-item scale measures both positive and negative feelings about oneself [31] has demonstrated high internal reliability and test-retest (.88) and moderate construct validity (46 to .71) [29]. ...
Background
Cancer survivorship results in an increased number of physical and psychosocial health issues. Engaging in physical activity in natural environments is often thought of as restorative. Despite the potential benefits of engaging in physical activity in natural environments there are no sustainable community-based programs for cancer survivors that employ this form of physical activity. This study aims to evaluate the impact of an 8-week trail-walking (TW) program on anxiety in a population of adult cancer survivors.
Methods
The TW program consisted of two trail walks per week for 8 weeks led by a hiking guide. Individuals were eligible to participate if they were 19 years or older, were a cancer survivor, were not on active immunotherapy, and had medical clearance from their physician for physical activity. While 12 participants signed up for the program, 9 participants ( N = 9, 8 F, 1 M) completed the program. A mixed methodology included pre-and-post quantitative program surveys and post-program interviews. Questionnaires measured generalized anxiety, sleep disturbances, self-efficacy, self-esteem, psychological well-being and depression as well as pre-and-post hike state anxiety. Data was analysed using paired t-tests. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and an inductive thematic analysis was conducted to consolidate meaning and identify themes using NVivo 11 software.
Results
Average attendance was 74% of the 16 hikes. There was no significant reduction in the primary outcome of generalized anxiety ( p = .38). There was a significant reduction in perceived stress after 8-weeks ( p = .03) and a significant reduction in state anxiety after TW ( p < .001). None of the other secondary outcomes were statistically significant ( p > .05). Four overarching themes, or benefits, emerged from qualitative data analysis: (a) benefits of program design (b) physical benefits, (c) psychological benefits, and (d) social benefits.
Conclusions
These findings demonstrate the utility of a TW program for cancer survivors in order to promote physical, psychological and social health. Feasibility of a TW program would be contingent on access to natural areas for TW and an instructor-led program with other cancer survivors.
... We used the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES; Rosenberg, 1965) to measure self-esteem as a secondary outcome. This scale is a widely used, reliable, and valid measure for self-esteem assessment in social science research (Robins et al., 2001). The ten items result in a total score ranging from 10 to 40, with a higher score indicating a higher self-esteem. ...
Background. Many individuals with obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) do not receive professional treatment due to various idiosyncratic barriers. Internet‐based cognitive‐behavioral therapy (iCBT) is increasingly used to narrow treatment gaps, but the efficacy of such interventions without guidance of therapists has not been well studied. This study evaluated the efficacy of an unguided iCBT that includes third‐wave approaches for the treatment of OCD symptoms.
Methods. A total of 128 individuals with self‐reported OCD symptoms were randomly allocated to either an intervention group (unguided iCBT) or to a care‐as‐usual (CAU) control group following an anonymous baseline assessment via an online survey. Eight weeks after inclusion, a reassessment was carried out online. The Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive Scale served as the primary outcome parameter for detecting symptom changes in the per‐protocol sample with at least 60 minutes utilization.
Results. The iCBT group showed a significantly stronger reduction of OCD symptoms with a medium effect size (η²p = 0.06) compared with the control condition. This effect was moderated by the general frequency of Internet usage (η²p = 0.08); the more time per day users spent online, the less they benefited from the intervention. Secondary outcomes revealed (1) a medium effect size on self‐esteem (η²p = 0.06); (2) no statistically significant effects on quality of life, depression symptoms, impulsivity, or social insecurity; and (3) good acceptability of the intervention.
Conclusions. The current study provides evidence that unguided iCBT for OCD may be a viable option for individuals who experience treatment barriers. As non‐compliance remains a challenge, this topic needs further research.
... By studying trust in a specific technology, we contribute to information systems (IS) research that focuses on the IT artifact [98]. In a technology-rich age, trust in a specific technology is becoming more 85 important than ever. We trust technologies in many situations involving risk. ...
... Their study concludes that the Affect Grid may be especially effective "when subjects are called on to make affective judgments in rapid succession or to make a large number of judgments … " [88, p. 499]. Other one-item scales are used for such concepts as current anxiety [18], happiness [1], job satisfaction [74], trust [55], and self-esteem [85]. Due to survey length with eight news brief iterations, we decided to use 1 item scales because this 710 would reduce respondent fatigue, increasing the validity of the results. ...
We examine why trust change occurs when potential users first encounter news about a specific technology. We propose personal perceptions and three cognitive outcomes-attention, sensemak-ing, and threshold-affect trust change in educated young adults 10 surveyed regarding a technology product. We find the outcomes of attention, sensemaking, and threshold positively affect trust change, while most hypothesized personal perceptions of the technology (e.g., reputation) do not predict trust change. For research, this implies scholars should focus more on cognitive 15 outcomes of mental news brief processing than on technology perceptions. Our results also imply that research should examine other key dependent variables the way we studied trust change (e.g., "intention-to-use change"-to produce a more dynamic picture of how people adopt a technology). For practice, our data 20 imply that tech companies can counter initial bad news about a technology by quickly providing strong positive news items to repair trust in that technology.
... These findings suggests that the higher the level of self-esteem and general self-efficacy in teacher candidates, the higher the level of metacognitive awareness. The positive perception of self-esteem, self-confidence, perceiving self-worth and being loved is reflected in decision-making processes and practices (Laing, 1993;Robins, Hendin & Trzesniewski, 2001). On the other hand, metacognitive awareness influences individuals to control and organize their own lives in the process of thinking and constructing knowledge. ...
This research was conducted to investigate the predictive power of self-esteem and general self-efficacy in metacognitive awareness of the preschool teacher candidates. The relational screening model was used in the study and the research group of the study consisted of a total of 361 students studying in different classes of the depatrment of preschool education. Metacognitive Awareness Inventory, General Self-Efficacy and Rosenberg Self Esteem Scales were used to gather the data. The results of correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between metacognitive awareness, self-esteem and general self-efficacy. As a result of the regression analyses, it was found that self-esteem and general self-efficacy together predicted the variance of metacognitive awareness significantly. In the study, the findings were discussed with their educational implications and suggestions were given.
