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The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) consists of consumption of vegetables and healthy oils and have beneficial effects on metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Our goal here is to discuss the role of fatty acid content in MedDiet, mostly omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 on malaria. Malaria affects millions of people around the globe. The parasite Plasmodi...
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Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) represents a crucial ingredient of the Mediterranean diet. Being a first-choice product, consumers should be guaranteed its quality and geographical origin, justifying the high purchasing cost. For this reason, it is important to have new reliable tools able to classify products according to their geographical origin....
Citations
... MD is a dietary style that focuses on eating a large number of fruits, vegetables, beans, extra virgin olive oil, whole grains and fish [2]. This dietary pattern is characterized by high protein and high unsaturated fatty acids, and also contains a series of complex nutritional elements and bioactive phytochemicals with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and alkalinization properties [3]. ...
The Mediterranean diet (MD) refers to the dietary habits of southern European countries located on the Mediterranean coast. It is rich in various nutrients necessary for the human body and is a healthy dietary model. The research determined that the prevalence of osteoporosis (OP) among Mediterranean coastal nations is notably low, underscoring the significance of investigating the underlying principles and impact of this dietary pattern on skeletal health. Nowadays, a multitude of investigations are being conducted to assess the impact of individual nutrient components on OP, but the research of comprehensively coordinating various nutrient elements and considering the actual situation in different regions is still insufficient. In this paper, the factors that are easy to induce OP are paired with various rich nutrient elements in MD one by one to provide a new way for the prevention and treatment of OP. Applying the research results of MD to other countries and regions to prevent OP is an effective way to reduce the incidence of this disease in the future.
... Consequently, recent years have seen numerous studies employing both a priori and a posteriori methods to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and inflammation. And more representative results suggest that a Mediterranean diet rich in vegetables, fruits, olive oil and unsaturated fatty acids is thought to reduce the levels of inflammation and is associated with a reduced risk of developing a number of chronic diseases [14]. In contrast, the Western dietary pattern, which is characterized by a high intake of red meat, saturated fatty acids and processed foods, is associated with increased levels of inflammation [15]. ...
Background: Sarcopenia associated with aging severely affects the quality of life of the elderly; diets have been shown to elicit an inflammatory response in the body, and diets that promote inflammation may lead to damage to muscles. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) has been developed to quantify the inflammatory potential of individual diets. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between the DII, sarcopenia and its components in elderly Chinese people. Methods: In this study, data were obtained from the China Nutrition Improvement Strategies and Applications for the Elderly Research Programme. An assessment of sarcopenia was carried out according to the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia’s (AWGS2019) criteria. The DII was calculated using food intake data obtained using the FFQ method, and then the quartile method was used to categorize the subjects into four groups. Multifactor logistic regression was conducted to examine the associations between DII, sarcopenia and its components. Results: This study included 993 subjects over the age of 65, and the prevalence of sarcopenia was 20.2%. The mean DII score of the study population was 0.99 ± 0.1. After adjusting for the confounders age, gender, marital status, and educational level, the risk of sarcopenia was 1.66 times higher in group Q4 than in group Q1 (p-trend < 0.05). However, this relationship is not statistically significant when other more confounding factors are added. Nevertheless, when further analyzing the relationship between DII and sarcopenia components, it was found that after adjusting the model, a higher DII was associated with a risk of muscle strength loss (OR = 1.65, p-trend < 0.05). Conclusions: Higher DII scores increase the risk of muscle strength loss in older adults. By guiding older adults to adopt a more anti-inflammatory diet, muscle health can be improved in terms of increased muscle strength. Further cohort or interventional studies are necessary to validate our findings.
... 101 Fish oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), whereas α-linolenic acid (ALA; C 18 H 30 O 2 ), an essential omega-3 fatty acid (Figure 4), is found in flaxseed oils. 102 Several bioactive mediators derived from omega-3 PUFAs are involved in the recovery of injured and infected tissue cells (summarized in Figure 4). Cell debris and bacterial cells are phagocytized by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), which are subsequently removed by recruited monocyte-derived macrophages. ...
... Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are precursors of eicosanoids, i.e., signaling molecules regulating inflammation. 102 Protectin, derived from DPA (Figure 4), represses the interactions between neutrophils and endothelial cells, neutrophil chemotaxis, and recruitment but increases macrophage phagocytosis. 102,103 Protectins reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines, including MCP-1/ chemokine C-X-C motif ligand-2 (CXCL-2). ...
... 102 Protectin, derived from DPA (Figure 4), represses the interactions between neutrophils and endothelial cells, neutrophil chemotaxis, and recruitment but increases macrophage phagocytosis. 102,103 Protectins reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines, including MCP-1/ chemokine C-X-C motif ligand-2 (CXCL-2). 104 Maresin 1, also derived from DPA (Figure 4), stimulates macrophage phagocytosis and the clearance of human apoptotic neutrophils, similar to maresin-1 derived from EPA. 105 Concluded from these and other findings, 106 the biological effects displayed by EPA and DHA also apply to DPA. ...
Most of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae, Blautia, Coprococcus, Roseburia, Facealibacterium and Oscillospira. Butyrate (C4H7O2⁻) supplies 70% of energy to intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), supports tight-junction protein formation, induces the production of inflammatory cytokines, and inhibits histone deacetylase (HDAC). Butyrate is also associated with the recovery of brain trauma, improvement of dementia, the alleviation of autoimmune encephalitis, and several intestinal disorders. Low levels of SCFAs are associated with hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), strokes, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Cis-palmitoleic acid (C16H30O2), a mono-unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), increases insulin sensitivity and reduces the risk of developing CVD. Lipokine palmitoleic acid reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β (pro-IL1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and isoleucine 6 (IL-6). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as omega-3 and omega-6, are supplied through the diet. The conversion of PUFAs by cyclooxygenases (COX) and lipoxygenases (LOX) leads to the production of anti-inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Oxidation of linoleic acid (LA, C18H32O2), an omega-6 essential fatty acid, leads to the formation of 13-hydroperoxy octadecadienoic acid (13-HPODE, C18H32O4), which induces pro-inflammatory cytokines. Omega-3 PUFAs, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20H30O2) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22H32O2), lower triglyceride levels, lower the risk of developing some sort of cancers, Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. In this review, the importance of SCFAs, MUFAs, PUFAs, and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) on human health is discussed. The use of fatty acids in the treatment of diseases is investigated.
... Several studies have shown a relation between dietary inflammatory potential and constipation. The Mediterranean diet pattern, which is characterized by high coarse grains and high fruit intake, is considered an anti-inflammatory diet [39,40]. A study [41] of six Mediterranean countries showed a significant inverse association between the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index and functional constipation in teenagers and children. ...
Background
Diet and inflammation are associated with constipation. Dietary inflammation index (DII) and energy-dietary inflammation index (E-DII) have not been evaluated together with constipation. Therefore, this study was conducted to further observe the relationship between DII and E-DII and constipation in American adults.
Methods
Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for 12,400 adults aged 20 years and older between 2005 and 2010. DII and E-DII were obtained by employing data from the two 24-h dietary recall of the participants. Constipation was defined and categorized using the Bristol Stool Form Scale.
Results
In the logistic regression model, the relationship between DII and E-DII and constipation remained positive after adjusting for confounding factors (odds ratio [OR] = 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.20 in DII logistic regression model III; odds ratio [OR] = 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.17 in E-DII logistic regression model III). Constipation was more common in quartile 4 (DII: 2.87—5.09; E-DII: 1.78—8.95) than in quartile 1 (DII: -5.11—0.25; E-DII: -2.60—0.11) (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.30–2.47 in DII and OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.25–2.46 in E-DII for all participants; OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.39–3.00 in DII OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.39–3.47 in E-DII for males; OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.08–3.22 and OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.06–3.06 for females). These results were confirmed using multiple imputations.
Conclusions
The findings of this study show that a high DII and E-DII were associated with an increased incidence of constipation among US adults.
... The addition of antioxidants or reactive oxygen species decreased w-3 PUFA's capability to kill P. falciparum, but the oxidized fatty acid's addition improved their capability to destroy the parasite (85). A study conducted by Blok et al. showed that there was no requirement of vitamin E deficiency for w-PUFAs to distress antimalarial resistance (82,86). ...
... The addition of antioxidants or reactive oxygen species decreased w-3 PUFA's capability to kill P. falciparum, but the oxidized fatty acid's addition improved their capability to destroy the parasite (85). A study conducted by Blok et al. showed that there was no requirement of vitamin E deficiency for w-PUFAs to distress antimalarial resistance (82,86). ...
... The addition of antioxidants or reactive oxygen species decreased w-3 PUFA's capability to kill P. falciparum, but the oxidized fatty acid's addition improved their capability to destroy the parasite (85). A study conducted by Blok et al. showed that there was no requirement of vitamin E deficiency for w-PUFAs to distress antimalarial resistance (82,86). ...
Protozoa exert a serious global threat of growing concern to human, and animal, and there is a need for the advancement of novel therapeutic strategies to effectively treat or mitigate the impact of associated diseases. Omega polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-PUFAs), including Omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6), are constituents derived from various natural sources, have gained significant attention for their therapeutic role in parasitic infections and a variety of essential structural and regulatory functions in animals and humans. Both ω-3 and ω-6 decrease the growth and survival rate of parasites through metabolized anti-inflammatory mediators, such as lipoxins, resolvins, and protectins, and have both in vivo and in vitro protective effects against various protozoan infections. The ω-PUFAs have been shown to modulate the host immune response by a commonly known mechanism such as (inhibition of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic process, production of anti-inflammatory mediators, modification of intracellular lipids, and activation of the nuclear receptor), and promotion of a shift towards a more effective immune defense against parasitic invaders by regulation the inflammation like prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxane, are involved in controlling the inflammatory reaction. The immune modulation may involve reducing inflammation, enhancing phagocytosis, and suppressing parasitic virulence factors. The unique properties of ω-PUFAs could prevent protozoan infections, representing an important area of study. This review explores the clinical impact of ω-PUFAs against some protozoan infections, elucidating possible mechanisms of action and supportive therapy for preventing various parasitic infections in humans and animals, such as toxoplasmosis, malaria, coccidiosis, and chagas disease. ω-PUFAs show promise as a therapeutic approach for parasitic infections due to their direct anti-parasitic effects and their ability to modulate the host immune response. Additionally, we discuss current treatment options and suggest perspectives for future studies. This could potentially provide an alternative or supplementary treatment option for these complex global health problems.
... It has been supposed that MD can increase the secretion of brain derived neurotrophic factors and improve total body antioxidant capacity [50]. Polyphenols intake in this dietary pattern can help explaining its Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, through which it might affect learning and memorizing [51][52][53]. MD contains dietary sources of tryptophan, which is an amino acid that is associated with improving sleep quality [52]. Consumption of MD is accompanied with less sleep disorders because of its specific dietary components as high levels of very long-chain n-3 PUFAs [54] that might induce secretion of melatonin and serotonin with their fundamental role in better sleep quality which modulates circadian rhythm [50,55]. ...
Background and aims
Despite a huge body of evidence on the linkage between dietary intakes and pattern of sleeping, the findings are controversial. The current study aimed to summarize earlier findings on the association between adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) and pattern of sleeping.
Methods
This study performed based on PRISMA guideline. Systematically search was applied in PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar to find out relevant publications appeared up to February 2023. No restrictions on language and time of publication were applied. Duplicate citations were removed. We included observational studies which assessed MD as the main exposure and kind of sleep disorders as the main outcome.
Results
A total of 20 observational studies included. Out of these studies, two were cohort studies and 18 had a cross-sectional design. A total of 21,714 participants included. Usual dietary intakes were assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire, and a diet history questionnaire. Some studies did not report methods of measuring habitual dietary intakes. Adherence to MD was evaluated by KIDMED questionnaire, PREMED, alternate Mediterranean (aMed) questionnaire, MEDAS questionnaire, MedDietScore, MEDI-LITE score, modified Mediterranean Diet Score (mMDS), Mediterranean food pattern (MFP) and modified Mediterranean diet score (mMED). Pattern of sleeping was examined as sleep quality, sleep duration, sleep latency, sleep efficacy, sleepiness, sleep disturbance, taking a nap and some other sleep disorders.
Conclusion
In conclusion, findings of published studies highlighted the importance of consumption of MD for better sleep quality.
... Additionally, the consumption of potato chips may elevate CRP and IL-6 levels, probably due to acrylamide, which is a vital cellular antioxidant and can decrease glutathione stores [58]. However, the Mediterranean diet, which is abundant in fruit and vegetables, has been reported to reduce plasma markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction [59]. The observed positive association between total starchy vegetables and white potatoes with MetS risk in non-Hispanic White participants could be due to several factors, including lifestyle, dietary patterns, and genetic predisposition. ...
Background
Higher dietary quality, including increased vegetable consumption, was associated with a reduced risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, specific vegetable consumption in the development of MetS remains obscure. Our study aimed to investigate the correlation between starchy and non-starchy vegetables and MetS.
Methods
Secondary data analysis from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999–2018). MetS was defined by National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult treatment Panel III (NCEP ATPIII) and dietary consumption was assessed by trained staff using two 24-h diet recall methods. Weighted logistic regression analysis was carried out to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression were performed to further investigate specific vegetable subtypes and MetS.
Results
This research enrolled 24,646 individuals (11,725 females and 12,921 males), with an average age of 45.84 ± 0.23 years. Approximately 15,828(64.22%) participants were defined to be with non-MetS and 8818(35.78%) were with MetS. Both total starchy vegetables and potatoes were associated with increased MetS risk, with the corresponding OR per standard deviation (SD) (95%CI, p-trend) being 1.06(1.02–1.11, p-trend = 0.028) and 1.08(1.04–1.13, p-trend = 0.011), respectively. However, an inverse correlation was found between dark-green vegetables and MetS, and the OR per SD (95%CI, p-trend) was 0.93(0.90–0.97, p-trend = 0.010). Subgroup analyses showed that the positive associations of starchy vegetables and potatoes on MetS risk were stronger in non-Hispanic White participants (p for interaction < 0.050).
Conclusion
Total starchy vegetables and white potatoes were both associated with an increased risk of MetS, while consumption of dark-green vegetables was negatively associated with MetS risk. These findings might provide a promising and healthy dietary strategy for preventing MetS.
... It has been supposed that MD can increase the secretion of brain derived neurotrophic factors and improve total body antioxidant capacity (30). Polyphenols intake in this dietary pattern can help explaining its antioxidant and in ammatory properties, through which it might affect learning and memorizing (31,32). MD contains dietary sources of tryptophan, an amino acid that is associated with improving sleep quality (32). ...
Background and Aims: Despite a huge body of evidence on the link between dietary intake and pattern of sleeping, the findings are controversial. The current study aimed to summarize earlier findings on the association between adherence to Mediterranean diet and pattern of sleeping.
Methods: We systematically searched in PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar to find out relevant publications appeared up to February 2023. No restrictions on language and time of publication were applied. Duplicate citations were removed. Observational studies assessing the association between adherence to MD and sleep pattern were included in this systematic review.
Results: A total of 12 observational studies in which consumption of Mediterranean dietary pattern was the main exposure and one of sleep disorders was an outcome variable were included. Out of these studies, two were cohort studies and ten others had a cross-sectional design. Included studies consisted of 13,396 participants. Usual dietary intakes was assessed using validated Food Frequency Questionnaire, and diet history. The remaining three studies did not report methods of measuring habitual dietary intakes. Adherence to MD was evaluated by KIDMED questionnaire, PREMED, alternate Mediterranean (aMed) questionnaire, MEDAS questionnaire, MedDietScore, MEDI-LITE score, modified Mediterranean Diet Score (mMDS) and Mediterranean food pattern (MFP). Pattern of sleeping was examined as sleep quality, sleep duration, sleep latency, sleep efficacy, sleepiness, sleep disturbance, taking a nap and some other sleep disorders.
Conclusion: In conclusion, findings of published studies highlight the importance of consumption of Mediterranean diet for better sleep quality.
