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Social reforestation programs plant trees on degraded, uncultivated land in low-income regions to allow the local population to generate income from selling wood products and—in case of agroforestry systems—to grow food. For fundraising it is of interest to demonstrate not only positive social impacts but also environmental ones. Proving negative g...
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In this study we analyzed the carbon balance for a specific management unit. We used data from the management plan of a forest unit on North-East of France for a period of 20 years to forecast the amount of carbon stored into the wood products and into the standing biomass. Our aim with these predictions was to find out if the management applied wa...
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... Studies conducted in Japan [2,3], the United States [4], China [5,6], and Indonesia [7] have reported GHG emissions from plywood manufacturing. Komata et al. [2] collected data from two plywood factories located in Hokkaido, Japan. ...
... In Indonesia [7], GHG emissions from plywood manufacturing using Sengon trees were evaluated. Based on mass allocation, the total emissions were 622 kg-CO 2 eq/m 3 , with adhesives contributing 375 kg-CO 2 eq/m 3 , accounting for the majority. ...
Addressing climate change requires reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across industries. Plywood, a wood-based material, has the potential to be a carbon–neutral product if sourced from sustainably managed forests. However, fossil fuel resources are used at various stages of production, leading to GHG emissions. This study evaluates the environmental impacts of plywood manufacturing in Japan, focusing on structural and concrete formwork plywood, using life cycle assessment (LCA). Data were collected from 18 plywood factories across Japan, covering 64% of structural plywood and 94% of concrete formwork plywood production in the country. Both mass and economic allocation methods were applied. The results showed that structural plywood had GHG emissions of 166 kg-CO₂eq/m ³ under mass allocation and 187 kg-CO₂eq/m ³ under economic allocation. For concrete formwork plywood, GHG emissions were 205 kg-CO₂eq/m ³ and 232 kg-CO₂eq/m ³ , respectively. Key contributors to emissions include electricity consumption and adhesives, whereas coatings play a significant role in concrete formwork plywood production. All the surveyed factories used biomass boilers, primarily fueled by in-house wood residue. Factories with on-site biomass power generation had lower GHG emissions owing to their reduced reliance on purchased electricity. The analysis also highlighted that optimizing the paints used in concrete formwork plywood production could significantly reduce environmental impacts. Furthermore, while biogenic carbon absorption and emissions are much greater than fossil fuel-derived emissions, ensuring sustainable forestry practices is critical for maintaining carbon neutrality in plywood production. This study provides representative LCA data for Japan’s plywood industry and identifies key areas for emissions reduction. These findings highlight the importance of efficient energy use, alternative low-carbon adhesives and coatings, and roundwood sourcing to minimize the environmental impact of plywood production.
... The rate of deforestation that occurs is very massive in various countries, especially in Indonesia, becoming one of the main problems in the environmental sector (Gençay and Durkaya, 2023;Müller et al., 2023;Range-Pinagé et al., 2023). The existence of forests/mangroves/peatlands that play a role in absorbing CO2 and storing carbon (above the surface in the form of vegetation cover, soil carbon in the form of organic materials, underground biomass/plant roots, and dead organic carbon) continues to degrade. ...
Land use plays an important role in maintaining carbon stock balance, ecosystem sustainability, and the environment. Massive land use changes in forest areas, peatlands, mangroves, and greenways result in an increase in CO2 release. This research aimed to analyze the impact of land use changes on the value of the carbon stock around Yogyakarta International Airport. The data used were Pleiades images in 2014, 2018, and 2022. Image analysis was carried out visually to produce detailed and accurate land use classification. Meanwhile, multitemporal map overlays were carried out to find out land use changes. Changes in carbon stock were obtained from the land use formula multiplied by the value of the Greenhouse Gas Constant (GGC). The results showed that the construction of an airport and its supporting infrastructure triggered land use changes that had implications for the decreasing carbon stock. The decrease in the area of vegetation cover in fields, community plantations, and mixed plantations from 2014 to 2022, amounting to -640.99 ha, increased carbon emissions. The results of the analysis showed that there had been changes in carbon stock. In 2014, the value was 150,286.57 t C/ha; in 2018, it decreased to 136,631.56 t C/ha; and in 2022, it reduced to 133,554.36 t C/ha. Massive economic activity and infrastructure development trigger reduced vegetation cover, resulting in increased carbon and increased carbon being released into the atmosphere. The problem of land conversion that affects changes in carbon stock and impacts climate change requires mitigation, among which is proper land use management and sustainable spatial planning.
... Misalnya saja, sebuah penelitian menemukan bahwa produksi kayu dari penebangan hutan primer menjadi kelapa sawit, hutan sekunder, dan perkebunan kayu menghasilkan emisi karbon bersih berkisar antara 436 hingga 1282 t-CO2-eq/ha selama 200-an tahun terakhir (Aryapratama & Pauliuk, 2019). Selain itu, program reboisasi sosial di Kalimantan, Indonesia, melaporkan bahwa total emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) dari produksi kayu lapis ditemukan sebesar 622 kg CO2-e/m 3 , dengan 59 persen emisi berasal dari produksi kayu lapis atau resin (Müller et al., 2023). ...
Human-induced climate change and erosion of biodiversity are the two most important environmental problems the planet faces currently. The primary driver of global climate change is the rising levels of ambient CO2. India, which ranks third globally in energy consumption and CO2 emissions, has pledged to attain net-zero emission norms by 2070. To become carbon-neutral, the country must reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, mostly in the energy segment. However, there are significant GHG releases from the land use, livestock, and food sectors too. Natural climate solutions like agroforestry are becoming increasingly important in the struggle against rising atmospheric CO2 levels. Being multifunctional landscapes, agroforestry has the propensity for climate change adaptation and mitigation, besides conserving biological diversity. Three mechanisms are involved in agroforestry’s capability to mitigate climate change: sequestration, substitution, and conservation of carbon. Tree-based systems hold great promise for carbon sequestration and emission offsetting by replacing fossil energy with biomass. The aboveground C accumulations of Indian agroforestry systems (AFS) varied from 0.23 to 23.55 Mg C ha−1 yr−1, while their belowground stocks ranged from 0.03 to 5.08 Mg C ha−1 yr−1. This implies that, in terms of carbon stocks, AFS are midway between arable agricultural production systems and forestlands. By fostering increased resilience, AFS also can reduce the vulnerability of smallholder production systems. Additionally, AFS can serve as a refuge and stepping stone for the preservation of biodiversity. The high floral diversity (753 taxa across a transect from the coast to the highlands, including 43 species on the IUCN Red List), makes the Kerala homegardens circa situm repositories of species diversity. AFS, therefore, represent a nature-based, “no/low-regrets” option generating medium-to-high profits and medium C stocks for climate change mitigation and adaptation while maintaining farmland biodiversity.
