- Mathematics—a Critical Filter for STEM-Related Career Choices? A Longitudinal Examination among Australian and U.S. Adolescents

Structural diagram for WSFW United States male and female adolescents. Mom perc = Moms’ perceptions; Chem. career = Chemistry career. Paired parameters indicate standardised structural paths for male/female adolescents for scalar invariant SEM; grade measured is presented in brackets for each construct. Not represented are measurement errors, uniquenesses, intercepts or variances (refer to Table 6). All single-item indicators were specified to have loadings of 1 and 0 measurement error. * p < .05. ** p < .01. *** p < .001