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Stress in the body: an optimal level of stress (called eustress) is required for the best performance. Not only too much, but also too little stimuli are harmful.
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Parenthood is a fundamental feature of all known life. However, infertility has been recognized as a public health issue worldwide. But even when the offspring are conceived, in utero problems can lead to immediate (abortion), early (birth), and late (adulthood) consequences. One of the most studied factors is stress. However, stress response is, p...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... have to take into consideration a number of factors contributing to the qualitative nature of the stress response such as the intensity (high or low) and duration (acute or chronic) of stressors, the individual's ability to initiate an adaptive response, and the phase of the life when the stressor event occurs [13]. When we can cope with the challenges, then we can become stronger (Figure 1). Thus, stress response is, per se, of adaptive nature as it allows the organism to cope with stressful challenges, no matter of what nature, and to maintain or restore body homeostasis. ...Citations
... It is clear from multiple studies that the hormonal changes causes stress and which in turn affects reproduction. At the cellular level it is the oxidative stress or the effect of free radicles i.e. reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing cellular damage [21] . Modifying this hormonal imbalance and altering or blocking the effect of these ROS through antioxidants could help reduce infertility. ...
Stress word itself causes stress for many. It is a state of mental or emotional strain. Infertility also similarly creates stress in the mind of the person suffering from it. Interestingly Stress also lead to Infertility, by altering the hormonal milieu of an individual. Treatment of infertility therefore requires interventions to reduce Stress. Diagnosing and quantifying this stress is very important. Stress reduction requires a multimodality approach. It should include pharmacological, non-pharmacological, behavioral, psychological, social, lifestyle, educational and mind-body interventions or strategies. These various approaches to reduce stress and manage infertility needs a structured clinical testing and trials. Once these interventions are routinely included in all clinics and hospitals managing infertility, their effects could be better studied. The purpose of this review is to inculcate this multimodality approach in each and every heath care provider who is involved in managing Infertility. Also it is to highlight the relationship between stress and infertility and hence focusing on reduction of stress and promoting fertility.
The quality of our relationships with other species, as predators, prey, companions, and subjects of curiosity or research, profits from our being ethologically informed. This chapter explores several dimensions of these relationships along with comments on the importance of an ethological attitude and ethologically informed design in pursuit of a better understanding of how best to behave as responsible stewards and students of other species. Design, in the sense of a coherent program that guides our practice, involves identifying and defining the traits that appear important to us, as well as the ways in which we manipulate, observe, measure, and interpret them. Design both guides and is guided by the questions or problems we wish to address. To be ethologically informed, a design implicitly acknowledges four key biological perspectives, identified in the earliest conceptual beginnings of ethology. Each perspective reflects different temporal and spatial orientations and levels of organisation, but all are profoundly involved in the causation of behaviour; they are developmental, ecological, evolutionary, and physiological (DEEP). This integrative biology in concert with an ethological attitude, emphasising freedom from implicit bias, is a valuable approach to all forms of captive animal management as well as research design. Such an approach will reveal connections within and between our subjects and ourselves that are of both great intrinsic interest and generalisable utility in solving problems that we all share.
The present study was initiated to improve the farm animals' productivity through the use of medicinal plants. More specifically, to determine in female cavies the effects of aqueous extract of avocado seed powder (AEASP) on the estrous cycle, the levels of LH, estradiol and tissues (ovarian and uterine) biomarkers of oxidative stress. For the trial, 24 female cavies with regular estrous cycles were selected among 40 trough observation of 4 estrous cycles. They were randomly shared into 4 groups of 6 females each, comparable in term of body weight (bw) (463.60±77.69 g). They received by gavage 1 mL/kg bw of distilled water for the control and 100, 200, 400 mg/kg bw of AEASP respectively for the groups EA100, EA200 and EA400. Subsequently, 3 estrous cycles were studied every day during all the treatment period. At the end, the cavies were slaughtered at the estrus phase; blood, ovaries and uterus were collected for analysis. As result, the AEASP significantly (p<0.05) increase the duration of the estrus phase in females of group EA100, without affecting significantly the duration of the estrous cycle as referred to the control. It significantly reduce the serum level of total cholesterol and increase (p<0.05) the serum concentration of LH in cavies of group EA100 compared to the control. AEASP significantly increase the serum concentration of estradiol in all treated females as referred to the control. It significantly increase the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the ovaries of the females of group EA400. In the uterine tissue, superoxide dismutase (SOD) increase significantly in the cavies of group EA200 compare to the control. We can conclude that the AEASP increase the duration of the estrus phase of cavies without affecting the duration of the estrous cycle. Subsequently, it increases the serum concentration of LH and estradiol.
Objective
This study was aimed to determine the effect of ginger honey supplementation on cortisol, glutathione, and estrogen levels. The study was conducted on mice that had not yet experienced conception, and prior stress induction was carried out so that they could be continued for human trials at the preconception stage and subjects who experienced mild stress.
Method
It was an in vivo study, pretest–posttest control group design. The sample of this study was 2–3 months female Balb/c mice, divided into negative control and ginger honey intervention as much as 28 mg/20 g BW for 14 days—the ELISA method used to examine cortisol hormone, glutathione levels, and estrogen levels. The mice chosen were those that had never experienced conception, and before the intervention, swimming activities were carried out on the mice until they showed symptoms of stress.
Results
Results show 42 mg/20 g BW of ginger honey administration for 14 days increased 1.892 ng/dl of cortisol (p = 0.165), increased 2.438 ng/dl of glutathione (p = 0.002), and also increased 22.754 ng/ml estrogen levels in induced stress Balb/c female mice (p = 0.001).
Conclusion
Ginger honey did not affect reducing cortisol levels but increasing glutathione and estrogen levels significantly. Ginger honey supplements are the potential to use as complementary therapies.
Background:
There is considerable public and scientific interest in the declining age of pubertal timing. Prenatal and postnatal stress has been proposed to relate with earlier pubertal timing, but it remains unknown whether intrapartum stress may affect pubertal timing as well.
Objective:
This study aims to examine the potential effect of caesarean delivery on pubertal timing in boys and girls.
Methods:
This study was based upon the nationwide Puberty Cohort nested within the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) from 2000 to 2003. A total of 15,731 mother-child pairs with complete information on delivery mode and puberty were included in the main analysis. The delivery mode was categorised into non-instrumental vaginal delivery (reference), instrumental vaginal delivery, elective caesarean delivery before labour, emergency caesarean delivery during labour and un-specified caesarean delivery. Children's pubertal development were self-reported in web-based questionnaires from 11 years of age and every 6 months throughout puberty (2012-2019), including Tanner stages 2-5, menarche, voice break, first ejaculation, axillary hair growth and the onset of acne. Regression models for censored, normally distributed time-to-event data were used to estimate mean monthly differences in age at attaining the different pubertal milestones and the average of all these estimates for each sex (a combined indicator of pubertal timing).
Results:
A total of 2810 participants were born by caesarean delivery (17.9%). Neither elective nor emergency caesarean delivery was associated with earlier age at achieving the pubertal milestones in boys or in girls. For the combined indicator, the mean age differences for elective caesarean delivery and emergency caesarean delivery were 0.1 (95% CI -1.1, 1.4) months and -0.7 (95% CI -2.0, 0.5) months in boys and 0.7 (95% CI -0.7, 2.0) and 0.2 (95% CI -1.3, 1.7) in girls.
Conclusions:
This study does not suggest a clinically important effect of caesarean delivery on children's pubertal timing.
Objective:
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the ethanolic extract of avocado seed flour on the estrous cycle characteristics, the concentrations of reproductive hormones [luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol], and the activities of some tissues (ovarian and uterine) that are markers of oxidative stress in female guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus).
Materials and methods:
Twenty-four female cavies with normal estrous cycles and equivalent body weights (464.25 and 71.88 gm) were randomly assigned to four groups, each with six females. The control group received 1 ml of distilled water orally, whereas the EE100, EE200, and EE400 groups received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bw of ethanolic extract of Persea americana seed, respectively. Following that, three consecutive estrous cycles were observed using vaginal smears. After the trial, the females were slaughtered, and blood and organs were gathered for study.
Results:
The mean duration of the estrus phase is considerably (p < 0.05) longer in group EE100 animals than in control animals. LH concentrations were substantially (p < 0.05) higher in females in group EE200 than in controls. Total cholesterol levels typically dropped in females in the extract groups, but only significantly (p < 0.05) in those in group EE100 compared to the control group. Serum estradiol levels increased considerably (p < 0.05) in treated females compared to controls. Catalase activity rose considerably (p < 0.05) in the ovaries of group EE400 when compared to the control. Superoxide dismutase activity rose considerably (p < 0.05) in the uterus of female cavies given the extract compared to the control.
Conclusion:
Avocado seed ethanolic extract prolongs the estrus phase, increases estradiol and LH levels, and protects the uterus from oxidative stress in female cavies.
This paper studies the muscle discomfort among police officers when carrying out their work. The objective of this study is to give a basic introduction of ergonomic problems among police officers and risk controls in relation to minimize the ergonomics risk factors. This paper gives quick review of muscle discomfort problems and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) among police officer. An ergonomic application has been purposed in the literature
to solve the problem related with design of mechanical.
