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Injection of Newtonian fluids to displace pseudoplastic and dilatant fluids, governed by the power-law viscosity relationship, is common in many industrial processes. In these applications, changing the viscosity of the displaced fluid through velocity alteration can regulate interfacial instabilities, displacement efficiency, the thickness of the...
Citations
... To model the CDG systems, three major components, including energy exchange between wellbore and formation, heat transfer in formation, and transient processes in wellbores, should be considered. Fluid flow in tubing undergoes several coupled physical processes, such as pressure change balanced by friction loss, gravity and kinetic energy alteration [139,140], temperature variation due to heat exchange with surrounding formation, and velocity change influencing pressure and temperature fields. In order to appropriately simulate these physical processes, a finite element code, called MOSKITO [86,141], is developed in the MOOSE Framework [84,142] environment to consider such complex physical processes. ...
... Accurate numerical modeling of MCDG systems should include a detailed description of energy exchange between wellbore and formation, heat transfer in formation, and transient processes in wellbores. Fluid flow inside the inner casing undergoes several coupled physical processes, such as pressure loss due to friction, kinetic energy alteration [139,140], temperature variation due to heat exchange with surrounding formation, velocity changes influencing pressure and temperature fields, and buoyancy effect because of variation of fluid density. In order to appropriately simulate these complex physical processes in a wellbore, a finite element code, called MOSKITO [86,141], is developed in the MOOSE (Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment) Framework [84,142]. ...
... Accurate numerical modeling of MCDG systems should include a detailed description of energy exchange between wellbore and formation, heat transfer in formation, and transient processes in wellbores. Fluid flow inside the inner casing undergoes several coupled physical processes, such as pressure loss due to friction, kinetic energy alteration [23,24], temperature variation due to heat exchange with surrounding formation, velocity changes influencing pressure and temperature fields, and buoyancy effect because of variation of fluid density. In order to appropriately simulate these complex physical processes in a wellbore, a finite element code, called MOSKITO [11,25], is developed in the MOOSE (Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment) Framework [26,27]. ...
... A finite element code, called MOSKITO (Esmaeilpour et al., 2022;Esmaeilpour et al., 2021), has been developed using MOOSE framework (Gaston et al., 2009;Permann et al., 2020) to simulate non-isothermal transient flow (Esmaeilpour and Gholami Korzani, 2021a;2021b) in wellbores. This application couples conservation equations with appropriate equations of state to give an accurate estimation of fluid behaviour in the system. ...
In contrast to typical forms of renewable energy like wind power and solar energy, baseload power is available everywhere throughout the whole year. However, its contribution to green energy generation is lower than its potential level. The primary factors restricting the spread of geothermal systems are subsurface water contamination, seismic events caused by hydraulic fracturing, and uncertainty in geothermal field characterization. Therefore, this study is dedicated to the planning of a new geothermal system that is capable of avoiding these potential hazards. The proposed closed multilateral system consists of several injection and horizontal wellbores and only one production wellbore. The special design of this system provides an extensive heat exchange surface for energy absorption from the surrounding environment. The results of the present study demonstrated that the circulation of a working fluid in this multilateral system results in the generation of megawatts of thermal power, which is comparable to those of open geothermal systems. The ratio of generated thermal power to the total length of the system is also higher than those of simple closed deep geothermal systems, indicating a shorter payback period. Nevertheless, operating with multilateral systems doesn't always result in higher performance than simple systems. It shows the necessity of filtering high-performance scenarios for operation in various geological conditions. The findings of this study indicate that the scenarios with the highest ratio of generated power to the total length are characterized by a particular relation between local vertical and horizontal flow rates. It is also found that the long-term performance of multilateral systems can be predicted based on their short-term performance. As an example, it is feasible to anticipate the extraction temperature and average generated power of the system after 100 years as functions of its extraction temperature after the first year of operation independent of the number of wellbores and flow rate. It gives insight for decreasing the risk of designing / operating with low-performance systems.
... To model the CDG systems, three major components, including energy exchange between wellbore and formation, heat transfer in formation, and transient processes in wellbores, should be considered. Fluid flow in tubing undergoes several coupled physical processes, such as pressure change balanced by friction loss, gravity and kinetic energy alteration [51,52], temperature variation due to heat exchange with surrounding formation, and velocity change influencing pressure and temperature fields. In order to appropriately simulate these physical processes, a finite element code, called MOSKITO [53,54], is developed in the MOOSE Framework [55,56] environment to consider such complex physical processes. ...
Circulation of working fluid in closed geothermal loops is an alternative environmentally friendly approach to harvest subsurface energy compared to open hole geothermal doublet systems. However, the rapid decline of production temperature, low generated thermal power, and difficulties in deepening the system are major limitations. Herein, synthetic studies are presented to investigate the system's performance and improve its longevity for better use of this clean baseload power. The investigations are conducted by implementing appropriate equations of state to model state-of-the-art thermal and hydraulics processes in wellbores and considering various geometrical configurations to adopt proper design strategies. They provide insight for maximizing the generated thermal power, decreasing pumping energy, and avoiding production temperature drawdown. The results indicate that a stable thermal condition could be reached in which not only the temperature breakthrough is avoidable, but also the generated thermal power and production temperature continuously enhance over the project lifetime of one century. Analysis of the thermosiphon effect in the designed systems revealed that even with the pressure loss of 900 kPa at surface installations, the triggered natural flow rate is larger than 11 L/s. This thermosiphon flow rate yields the thermal power production of 2 MW and Cumulative extracted energy of 15 PJ over the project lifetime of 100 years. Restriction of this flow rate to 5 L/s leads to an average extraction temperature of 80 °C. It is also found that a change in the subsurface temperature gradient does not affect the optimal 2 km isolation length of the production well.
