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Micronutrients play a vital role in crop production and sustainable crop yield. High crop yield varieties make soil micronutrients deficient, without incorporating external inputs. Due to deficiency of micronutrients such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), yield decline drastically. It limits more than macronutrients, but requirements of these plant nutri...
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... and Zn deficiency induced chlorosis represents the main nutritional disorder in plants grown on calcareous and/or alkaline soils because of an extremely low solubility of soil Fe. Mechanisms of Fe acquisition in higher plants have been grouped into Strategy I and II ( Figure 2). Strategy I plants ( Tagliavini and Rombola, 2001), which include dicotyledons and non-graminaceous monocotyledons, respond to Fe deficiency by extruding both protons and reducing substances (phenols) from the roots, and by enhancing the ferric reduction activity at the root plasma membrane. ...
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Staple crops, which have large amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, and/or fats, provide the bulk of calories in people's diets. Perennial plants, which can be productive for many years without the need for replanting, can produce staple foods and environmental benefits, but their agronomic and nutritional properties haven't been considered syntheti...
Zinc is plant micronutrient which is involved in many physiological functions its inadequate supply will reduce crop yields. Zinc deficiency is the most wide spread micronutrient deficiency problem, almost all crops and calcareous, sandy soils, peat soils, and soils with high phosphorus and silicon are expected to be deficient. The optimal rate of...
Iron deficiency is the major limitation in crop production due to its oxidation power which drastically affects the crop yield by rendering the nutrient unavailable. Chelating agents are widely used to increase the solubility of micronutrients, for stable and sustainable crop production. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of foliar...
There are 17 nutrients established as essential for plant growth and higher yield, among those 6 nutrients viz., zinc, boron, iron, manganese, molybdenum and copper are required in small quantities and therefore called micronutrients. Though the requirement of micronutrient is less, their role in plants for the sustainable yield is very important....
Zinc is plant micronutrient which is involved in many physiological functions its inadequate supply will reduce crop yields. Zinc deficiency is the most wide spread micronutrient deficiency problem, almost all crops and calcareous, sandy soils, peat soils, and soils with high phosphorus and silicon are expected to be deficient. The optimal rate of...
Citations
... More than 50% of the Indian soils are suffering from zinc and iron deficiency. It is also a big problem in well aerated soil (Dotaniya et al., 2013Dhamak et al 2014 [5,2,14] . To overcome the Zn deficiency in soil for plant growth, normally chemical fertilizers are applied that causing environmental problems. ...
... More than 50% of the Indian soils are suffering from zinc and iron deficiency. It is also a big problem in well aerated soil (Dotaniya et al., 2013Dhamak et al 2014 [5,2,14] . To overcome the Zn deficiency in soil for plant growth, normally chemical fertilizers are applied that causing environmental problems. ...
... Organic manures help reduce the negative effects of sodicity ions, which form during long-term irrigation with high SAR-containing irrigation water, by modulating the soil's pore space, infiltration capacity, and rate. Aside from these characteristics, breakdown products of organic materials generate chelates, which aid in plant nutrition and soil temperature regime regulation (Dotaniya and Datta 2014;Dotaniya et al. 2016Dotaniya et al. , 2014bDotaniya et al. , 2013a. ...
Arid and semi-arid regions are having huge potential for agricultural production but also have limitations of salinity and alkalinity. By mediating rhizospheric environment with the application of organic and inorganic nutrient sources, Indian mustard yield could be enhanced in these areas. For this, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of organic (FarmYard Manure and vermicompost) and inorganic (urea) amendments with irrigation water of different sodium absorption ratios (SAR; 6, 10, 20 and 30). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design (SPD) with 24 treatment combinations keeping different SAR in main plots and organic and inorganic nitrogen sources in sub plots. Experiment results revealed that increasing SAR levels reduced the availability of major plant nutrients, i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The soil organic carbon mineralization rate and Indian mustard seed yield were also deceased with increasing levels of SAR. Application of nitrogen through farm yard manure (FYM) and vermicompost decreased the electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and enhanced the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soil solution. Application of 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through urea and 75% through vermicompost produced maximum seed and stover yield of Indian mustard. Thus, supply of recommended dose of nitrogen as inorganic (50%) and organic (75%) sources improved the soil health and Indian mustard yield of arid lands with sodic irrigation water. The use of organic sources in place of sole application of N fertilizer may be a potential management option in sodic groundwater irrigated areas for enhancing mustard crop yield.
... The application of FYM in poor-quality irrigated soils, mediated the rhizospheric micro-climate and enhanced the different types of organic acids, which enhanced plant nutrient uptake , Dotaniya et al., 2013a. In response of these effect plant roots also released various types of low molecular organic acid (LMOA) in the soil, which enhanced the soil microbial biomass and nutrient transformation rate. ...
The availability of freshwater is limited for agriculture systems across the globe. A fast-growing population demands need to enhance the food grain production from a limited natural resources. Therefore, researchers and policymakers have been emphasized on the production potential of agricultural crops in a sustainable manner. On the challenging side, freshwater bodies are shrinking with the pace of time further limiting crop production. Poor-quality water may be a good alternative for fresh water in water scarce areas. It should not contain toxic pollutants beyond certain critical levels. Unfortunately, such critical limits for different pollutants as well as permissible quality parameters for different wastewater types are lacking or poorly addressed. Marginal quality water and industrial effluent used in crop production should be treated prior to application in crop field. Hence, safe reuse of wastewater for cultivation of food material is necessary to fulfil the demands of growing population across the globe in the changing scenario of climate.
... Organic manures and green manuring enhance the organic matter status of soil which further improves soil physical as well as microbiological activities and increases the availability of plant nutrients (Kumar and Dhar 2010). Decomposition of organic manures releases various phenolic and aliphatic acids which solubilize phosphates and other phosphate bearing minerals and thereby lowers the phosphate fixation and increases its availability (Dotaniya et al. 2013). Bulk density were also significantly affected due to higher organic carbon content in treatments which had better soil aggregate and larger macro pore space (Das et al. 2002). ...
A field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of organic manures and green manuring practices on growth, yield attributes, quality and economics of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus L.) under custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) based agri-horti system. The findings indicated that growth, yield attributes and yield as well as oil composition, soil nutrient status, microbial populations were significantly increased due to the use of both organic manures and green manuring. The significantly higher results were obtained with vermicompost (2.5 t/ha) + Azotobacter, which was found superior over other practices in terms of growth, yield attributes, oil composition and its quality and soil nutrient status as well as economics of crop cultivation. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 499-506, 2021 (September)
... Organic manures help reduce the negative effects of sodicity ions, which form during long-term irrigation with high SAR-containing irrigation water, by modulating the soil's pore space, infiltration capacity, and rate. Aside from these characteristics, breakdown products of organic materials generate chelates, which aid in plant nutrition and soil temperature regime regulation (Dotaniya and Datta 2014;Dotaniya et al. 2016Dotaniya et al. , 2014bDotaniya et al. , 2013a. ...
In India’s arid and semiarid regions, soil sodicity is a restraining factor for crop productivity. There is less rainfall in these areas, and the groundwater has a high sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and pH. However, by moderating soil fertility characteristics, these sites have a lot of potential for increasing the mustard yield. For this, a field experiment was conducted with four levels of sodicity water irrigation (6, 10, 20, and 30 SAR) and six levels of nitrogen (composed of different combinations with urea, farm yard manure-FYM, and vermicompost-VC). After harvesting of the crop, soil and plant samples were analyzed for physicochemical properties. Experimental results showed an increasing level of SAR mediating the soil parameters like soil organic carbon, available water content, and also mustard crop yield. Although replacement of N application doses with FYM and VC showed improvement in SOC and available water, it reduced soil pH, EC, SAR, and bulk density. Increasing sodicity levels from 6 to 20 SAR reduced the mustard seed yield by 16.05 q ha⁻¹ to 9.76 q ha⁻¹, whereas 50% RDN through urea and 75% RDN through VC increased the seed yield by 8.28 to 16.27 q ha⁻¹. Such studies have opened the door for sustainable mustard production in high sodicity areas, i.e. western part of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana, and Punjab states by application of nitrogen through organics. It will improve the mustard growers’ economic situation and contribute greatly to the country’s economic growth in sodic soil areas.
... In absorption kinetics pollutants are adsorbed onto the surface of an adsorbent. Application of soil organic matter in contaminated soil leads to secretion of different types of low molecular organic acids, and act as an adsorbent surface for metal species [81]. It is affected by metal ion, type of soil amendments, soil properties, climatic factors, etc. [82]. ...
Soil pollution is everywhere and poses a serious threat to human and ecological
health. Growing population pressure on natural resources beyond the recycling
capacity of soil is creating soil pollution. Different organic and inorganic pollutants
are dumped on healthy soil/water bodies and reach to human body via food chain
contamination. It causes different carcinogenic effects like organ failure (kidney,
pancreas, liver), suppression of immunity system, imbalance of endocrine hormone,
and failure of reproductive system. With pace of scientific development,
pollutant detection capacity, identification of pollutant routes origin to final disposal,
interaction with soil particles, and impact on soil health, degradation time
and uptake by crop plant are well studied. Soil is acted as a sink for pollutant. Longterm
application of polluted water in agricultural production system poses health
hazards effect and leads to cancer. Soil biodiversity also reduces and degradation of
pollutant is slowed down, which is responsible for longer persistence of chemicals
in an ecosystem. Use of tradition and modern tool and techniques for combating
soil pollution are advocating. Spread awareness among the grassroot peoples by
different agencies to identify the pollutant toxicity prior to dispose. Healthy soil
produces healthy crop yield and provides better eco-services for human welfare.
... In absorption kinetics pollutants are adsorbed onto the surface of an adsorbent. Application of soil organic matter in contaminated soil leads to secretion of different types of low molecular organic acids, and act as an adsorbent surface for metal species [81]. It is affected by metal ion, type of soil amendments, soil properties, climatic factors, etc. [82]. ...
... It is less costly to build, operate and maintain constructed wetlands as opposed to conventional wastewater treatment methods. Constructed wetlands adopt the natural ways in which natural ecosystems detoxify their environment with minimum impact on the environment which renders this technique as a green approach for waste management [225]. Constructed wetlands consist mainly of three major components which are: vegetation, soil and hydrology [226]. ...
... Moreover, the speciation and physicochemical forms the metal as well as the rate of dissociation into ionic forms within the water and sediments would also determine the extent of bioavailability, however, this is strongly dependent on the environmental pH. During the phytoaccumulation process, macrophytes mobilize heavy metals in sediments through the secretion of phytosiderophores [225,226]. Generally, the root exudates lower the pH of the rhizosphere, thus promoting the desorption of heavy metals thereby increasing their concentration in solution. Additionally, the H + produced by ionic oxidation of Fe 2+ gets consumed by carbonates, hence heavy metals in carbonate form dissolve, and those in less available forms transform onto a more easily available form [207]. ...
The persistence and ubiquity of toxic elements such as As, Hg, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ag, Ni, Zn, etc., in aquatic environments, that is brought about by uncontrolled wastewater discharges from industrial activities and many other human endeavors linked to economic growth and sustainability, have become a huge environmental threat world-wide. The non-degradable nature of these toxic elements has made it nearly impossible to remove such pollutants from contaminated aquatic ecosystems and the adverse effects of these hazardous contaminants on both human health and the ecological biodiversity remain a serious challenge until present. In recent years, less costly and eco-friendly technological approaches such as constructed wetlands have been used to decontaminate wastewater polluted with toxic elements. This chapter provides a comprehensive insight on the abiotic and biotic mechanisms involved in the removal of toxic elements from contaminated wastewater in natural ecosystems and their adoption in constructed wetlands. The role of plants, substrate/filter material, microbial biodiversity, chemical variation (e.g., pH, redox potential, salinity and wastewater composition), system designs and operational parameters as they relate to removal of the toxic elements in different constructed wetland configurations, are also summarized in this chapter. Evaluation and monitoring of the constructed wetlands performance and sustainability in removal of toxic elements is also highlighted in this chapter and attempts have been made to present possible strategies to counter the underlying constraints that hinder the optimal efficiency of the constructed wetlands in removal of toxic elements from wastewater.
... In contrast with Zn-PS and Mn-PS, the preferential uptake of Fe-PS is more prominent, which is mainly regulated by soil Fe nutritional status. The affinity of mugineic acids (MA) for heavy metal cations decreases in the order of Cu 2+ > Fe 3+ > > Zn 2+ > > Mn 2+ (Dotaniya et al. 2014). Fe-PS and Zn-PS complex uptake rate corresponds to ~100 and ten times higher than that of free Fe and Zn. ...
Nutrients are essential for plant growth. Thus, nutrient recycling is an integral part of soil science, nutrient chemistry, and sustainable agriculture. Biogeochemistry of nutrients is a cyclic process, where microbes act on parent materials by secreting different chemical compounds and make the nutrient bioavailable and vice versa. In a typical phytobiome, the composition of the microbiome varies from harmful pathogens to beneficial rhizospheric microbes. Other than this, climatic conditions, soil organic matter (SOM) content and structure, leaf litter composition (forest soil), mineralogy of parent materials, root architecture, and land use management are the controlling factors of biogeochemical reactions of nutrient recycling. Further, information on nutrient biogeochemistry and their ecosystem variability based on three different ecosystems such as wetland ecosystem (representative of a tropical ecosystem), forest ecosystem (representative of a temperate ecosystem), and arid ecosystem are rarely found in a complied manner. These natural ecosystems cover the maximum land surface of the earth. Continuous or intermittent flooding in paddy fields and leaf litter decomposition in forest soils are prime factors that control biogeochemistry and availability of C, N, P, K, S and micronutrients. Additionally, forest soil content has high SOM, whereas arid and semiarid ecosystems are low in SOM and soil water is the prime factor controlling nutrient dynamics. Various investigations have documented that soils of arid and semiarid regions contain a higher amount of Cu, B, Mo, Co, Se, and Cr than the soils of tropical and temperate regions. This chapter has focused on covering nutrient recycling, biogeochemistry, and controlling factors in different ecosystems by the concept of the rhizospheric microbiome.
... Monobasic (H2PO4) and the diabasic (HPO4 2-) ions are the only two forms by which the plant absorbs phosphates (Bhattacharyya et al., 2012) [8] . Usage of inorganic fertilizers during crop production, more than 80% of the fertilizers are converted into unavailable form with the aid of aluminum (Al-P), iron (Fe-P), and calcium (Ca-P) (Dotaniya et al., 2013) [16] . In general, the Al-P and Fe-P represent 1-25 percent of total P in soil, mainly in the acidic type of soils. ...
... Plants are facing a lot of problems like underdeveloped roots, poor growth and yield due to the unavailability of potassium (Gopalakrishan et al., 2015). Potassium solubilizing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria such as Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus edaphicus, Paenibacillus sp. and Pseudomonas are capable of solubilizing potassium rock through the synthesis and secretion of organic acids (Meena et al., 2016) [16] . Utilization of these phosphate solubilizing rhizobacteria as biofertilizers will reduce the reliance on synthetic fertilizers for supplementing potassium and promote eco-friendly agriculture (Ahmad et al., 2016) [2] . ...
