Fig 5 - uploaded by Stefanie Klooß
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Stralsund-Mischwasserspeicher.-Detail of logboat 2.The position of a fire place is marked by charred parts on the bottom of the boat (Photo P. Kaute & G. Schindler, LaKD).
Source publication
CONCLUSIONS
Through the example of the logboats from Stralsund-Mischwasserspeicher one can see once more the
highly developed, long tradition of building large, thin-walled dugout canoes out of lime trunks for thousands
of years through the Late Mesolithic and the beginning of the Neolithic at the Baltic coast. Logboats
certainly were important wat...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... Logboat 2 was made of a large lime trunk (Tilia sp.), preserved on 8.0 m length, 0.6 to 0.7 m sided. It was broken into two substantial and several small pieces. The position of bow and stern cannot be identified. A circular spot on the bottom of the boat, not more than 0.2 m in diameter, coloured dark brown from heat, indicates a fire place (Fig. 5). As such fire places usually are situated in a boat's centre, it can be concluded, that the boat's E. side was lost. The 9.0 m long and 0.6 to 0.7 m wide logboat 3 was also built from lime tree. Broken into three larger and several small pieces, traces of fire are visible at two positions (Fig. 6). Distinct chopping marks of a 2.5 to ...
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Citations
... Boats are undoubtedly necessary for navigation. The description and/or recovery of vessels of different kinds, such as canoes or monoxylons, rafts, dalcas, etc., are the most common evidence of navigation (Estrada, 1957;Emperaire, 1963;Pizzaro, 1978;Gusinde, 1986;Zevallos Men endez, 1986;Andersen, 1994;Fugazzola and Pessina, 1999;Fern andez, 2000;Chapman, 2003;Braicovich, 2004;Carabias et al., 2007;Klooss and Lübke, 2009;Eri c and Kavur, 2012;Arnold, 2014). However, to make navigation possible, several related artifacts are also needed. ...
... wood, with an irregular oval handle in the center where two parallel holes were made. It is thought that this piece would be part of a repair element or it would be used to attach a removable rung to the stern of a dugout canoe (Klooss and Lübke, 2009). This paper mainly deals with the study of the wooden artifacts associated with dugout canoes, which are extremely rare artifacts that help archaeologists to reconstruct Neolithic navigation techniques and their technological complexity. ...
In the Mediterranean area, direct archeological evidence proving the existence of navigation during the Neolithic, is not frequent. The only site in the Mediterranean where this direct evidence exists is La Marmotta. Therefore, the main objective of the present study is to approach the nautical technology of the first Neolithic communities through the study of artifacts related to five canoes found at the site. The present study has examined seven wooden artifacts linked to navigation. The archaeobotanical study of the artifacts consisted of their taxonomic and techno-morphometric analysis. This was able to determine the taxa used as raw material and the anatomic part utilized to manufacture the artifacts. The taxonomic analysis shows that the most frequently used wood was Alnus sp. and, to a lesser extent, deciduous Quercus sp. and Fraxinus sp. The study also established the operational sequences linked to the manufacturing process of the different artifacts. The technological, morphological and archaeobotanical study of La Marmotta artifacts connected with navigation is of great importance to understand the degree of specialization of the first Neolithic communities that spread in this area.
... Especially noteworthy are finds of multiple longboats on the same site. For example, at Stralsund-Mischwasserspeicher in northern Germany, three whole logboats and one fragmentary specimen lay within a small excavated area, with boats 2 and 3 lying parallel alongside each other (Fischer, Lübke, & Klooß, 2018;Klooß & Lübke, 2009). They date to the early fifth millennium BC, while a larger boat in a Neolithic layer is from the first centuries of the fourth millennium. ...
The transition to agriculture in northern Europe around 4000 BC presents an unresolved question. Explanations have vacillated between the adoption of Neolithic things and practices by indigenous foragers to the displacement of Mesolithic populations by immigrant farmers. The goal of this article is to articulate some thoughts on this process. First, it would have been necessary to introduce food production practices, by acculturation or immigration, to disrupt not only the forager economy but also their values of sharing and social relations. The use of milk for dairy products is a prime candidate for such a disruptive technology. The attraction of Neolithic ways may have been initially concealed from others, and only the realization of their widespread appeal caused fellow foragers to change their preferences. Second, it was necessary for foragers to commit to these changes and for the changed values to spread through mechanisms of social contagion. Immigrant farmers may have been especially influential in this regard, with increased sedentism and interaction being catalysts for completing the transition to agriculture.
Navigation in the Mediterranean in the Neolithic is studied here through the boats that were used, the degree of technical specialisation in their construction and, above all, their chronology. After a brief explanation of the exceptional site of La Marmotta, the characteristics and chronology of the five canoes found at the settlement and one of the nautical objects linked to Canoe 1 are discussed. This will allow a reflection on the capability of Neolithic societies for navigation owing to their high technological level. This technology was an essential part in the success of their expansion, bearing in mind that in a few millennia they occupied the whole Mediterranean from Cyprus to the Atlantic seaboard of the Iberian Peninsula.
Two archaeological excavation sites, Fundplatz 225 „Mischwasserspeicher“ and Fundplatz 290 „Ozeaneum“, located close to the medieval town centre of Stralsund at the Strelasund were investigated. Using methods of sedimentology and (micro)palaeontology, the aim of this study was the reconstruction of environmental changes from Mesolithic to Modern Times. Foraminifers, ostracods, molluscs, plant remains, vertebrates and archaeological finds of all kind were used to establish a reliable model of coastal site development at the shore of the Strelasund from about 5300 BC to the 1860s AD, comprising naturally induced environmental changes and human impact and providing new insights into the coastal evolution and harbour transformations in Stralsund of the past seven millennia. The clam species Mya arenaria, introduced by human activities into the Baltic Sea, proved to appear not earlier than in the 17th century in this region.
In 2006 and 2007 the Stone Age site Timmendorf-Nordmole III has been investigated at the west coast of Poel Island (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, German Baltic Sea coast) directly north of the well-known endmesolithic site Timmendorf-Nordmole I. The main cultural layer is radiocarbon dated to the oldest stage of the Early Neolithic TBRculture between 4000 and 3800 calBC, but except for some dog remains animal husbandry can not be recorded. So far Nordmole III is different to the contemporaneous sites Wangels and Siggeneben-Süd in eastern Holstein. Apparently Nordmole III was a coastal hunting station comparable to the Danish sites Hesselø and Sølager, being in the tradition of the older endmesolithic sites in the same microregion. The economical shift towards cattle and pig breeding is recordable for the adjacent subsequent site Timmendorf-Tonnenhaken.
