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Statistical evaluation of EMAC simulated PM1 NO3 -surface concentrations from the base 410 case against observations during 2010-2018. The used metrics include the Mean Absolute Gross 411 Error (MAGE), Mean Bias (MB), Normalized Mean Error (NME), Normalized Mean Bias (NMB) 412 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). 413
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In recent years, nitrate aerosols have emerged as a dominant component of atmospheric composition, surpassing sulfate aerosols in both concentration and climatic impact. However, accurately simulating nitrate aerosols remains a significant challenge for global atmospheric models due to the complexity of their formation and regional variability. Thi...
