Fig 1 - uploaded by Ulisses Caramaschi
Content may be subject to copyright.
-Standards for dorsal and mid-dorsal pin stripe patterns. Patterns A3 (dorsum immaculate), A7 (one to few dots distributed irregularly) and B3 (absence of mid-dorsal pin stripe) are not figured.
Source publication
A NEW SPECIES OF THE HYLA CIRCUMDATA (COPE, 1870) GROUP FROM MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL (AMPHIBIA, ANURA, HYLIDAE) A new species of the Hyla circumdata group is described from Vereda Grande Biological Station, a private reserve in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The new species is diagnosed by the presence of broad head, large tympanum, dorsal surface...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... adult males were examined because females and juveniles were rare in the samples. We developed a series of standards for the general dorsal pattern, mid-dorsal pin stripe, dorsolateral stripes, lateral limits of dorsum, upper surface of tibia, loreal and canthal stripes, and dorsal head shape ( fig. 1-3). Nine measurements (mm) were taken following DUELLMAN (1970): SVL (snout-vent length), HL (head length), HW (head width), ED (eye diameter), UEW (upper eyelid width), IOD (interorbital distance), IND (internarial distance), TD (tympanum diameter) and TL (tibia length). Four measurements were made following HEYER et al. (1990): UAR ...
Context 2
... P < 0.01) ( fig. 3). Morphospecies ANA and CBO were easily discriminated from morphospecies RU and PRU, but the last two were only partially discriminated from each other (tab. 2). The standardized discriminant function coefficients and the loadings are presented in tab. 3. Table 1. -Distributions and percentage (in parentheses) of patterns ( fig. 1-3) among the four morphospecies. A blank indicates no specimen had that state; a zero indicates that at least one specimen with that state was examined, but the rate of occurrence per 100 specimens rounds off to zero. n = number of specimens for which data are ...
Context 3
... cachimbo sp. nov. No specimen of H. cachimbo has two divergent dorsal brown stripes from the anterior section of head to near the middle of the body nor two parallel sacral stripes, but many individuals of H. rubicundula have such a pattern (patterns A 1, A2, A4-A6 and A8-10; fig. 1). No specimen of H. cachimbo has a mid-dorsal pin stripe, but many individuals of H. rubicundula have such a pattern ( fig. 1). No specimen of H. cachimbo has the lateral limits of dorsum under the lower border of tympanum (pattern D2; fig. 2), but many individuals of H. rubicundula from Goiás have such a pattern. No specimen of H. ...
Context 4
... dorsal brown stripes from the anterior section of head to near the middle of the body nor two parallel sacral stripes, but many individuals of H. rubicundula have such a pattern (patterns A 1, A2, A4-A6 and A8-10; fig. 1). No specimen of H. cachimbo has a mid-dorsal pin stripe, but many individuals of H. rubicundula have such a pattern ( fig. 1). No specimen of H. cachimbo has the lateral limits of dorsum under the lower border of tympanum (pattern D2; fig. 2), but many individuals of H. rubicundula from Goiás have such a pattern. No specimen of H. cachimbo has a light pinkish to white stripe above a brown stripe on the edges of the tibia (pattern E1; fig. 2), but many ...
Context 5
... only from the type-locality ( fig. 4). This area is character- ized as an "ecological stress area" (ANONYMOUS, 1991) or a transitional area between the Cerrado Domain and the Amazon Equatorial Domain (AB ' SABER, 1977). , 1968;FROST, 1985); specimens not examined by us. The presence of dorsal brown stripes (patterns A1-A2, A4-A6 and A8-A10; fig. 1) in many individuals of Hyla rubicundula differentiate them from H. cachimbo which never has such a pattern. The presence in many specimens of the former of two divergent dorsal brown stripes, from the anterior section of the head to nearly the middle of the body, together with two sacral brown stripes (patterns A1 and A4; fig. 1), ...
Context 6
... and A8-A10; fig. 1) in many individuals of Hyla rubicundula differentiate them from H. cachimbo which never has such a pattern. The presence in many specimens of the former of two divergent dorsal brown stripes, from the anterior section of the head to nearly the middle of the body, together with two sacral brown stripes (patterns A1 and A4; fig. 1), with or without additional brown stripes (patterns A5 and A8-A10), distinguish them from H. anataliasiasi, which do not have such patterns. No specimen of H. rubicundula has the two anterior divergent dorsal brown stripes fused to the sacral ones (pattern A11), whereas many individuals of H. anataliasiasi have such a pattern. A ...
Context 7
... brown stripes (patterns A5 and A8-A10), distinguish them from H. anataliasiasi, which do not have such patterns. No specimen of H. rubicundula has the two anterior divergent dorsal brown stripes fused to the sacral ones (pattern A11), whereas many individuals of H. anataliasiasi have such a pattern. A mid-dorsal pin stripe (patterns B1-B2; fig. 1) in many specimens of H. rubicun- dula distinguish them from H. cachimbo, in which it is often absent. A broad and irregular dorsolateral stripe, with or without an upper white to pinkish stripe (patterns C3-C4; fig. 2) in many specimens of H. rubicundula distinguishes them from H. anataliasiasi, which never has such a pattern. The ...
Context 8
... dots and dark brown stripes are not visible on the dorsum; a dark brown stripe, bordered by a white stripe, is visible on the flanks and canthus rostralis; thigh light brown and immaculate; vocal sac yellowish, belly white; finger and toe disks reddish. In preservative, dorsum reddish, with occasional dark brown stripes and dots (patterns A1-A10; fig. 1); a mid-dorsal pin-stripe sometimes present on dorsum (patterns B1-B2; fig. 1); canthus rostralis delimited by a dark subcanthal brown stripe bordered above by a light pink to white stripe (pattern F1; fig. 2); lorus with a variable degree of melanization; dorsolateral region delimited by a dark brown stripe bordered above or not by a ...
Context 9
... bordered by a white stripe, is visible on the flanks and canthus rostralis; thigh light brown and immaculate; vocal sac yellowish, belly white; finger and toe disks reddish. In preservative, dorsum reddish, with occasional dark brown stripes and dots (patterns A1-A10; fig. 1); a mid-dorsal pin-stripe sometimes present on dorsum (patterns B1-B2; fig. 1); canthus rostralis delimited by a dark subcanthal brown stripe bordered above by a light pink to white stripe (pattern F1; fig. 2); lorus with a variable degree of melanization; dorsolateral region delimited by a dark brown stripe bordered above or not by a light pink to white stripe from posterior corner of orbit to near groin ...
Context 10
... anataliasiasi Bokermann, 1972 ( fig. 6D Diagnosis. -Species characterized by the following combination of traits: (1) small size (SVL: males 16.0-21.8 mm; females 16.6-21.6 mm); (2) dorsum with nearly parallel dark brown stripes, the two anterior ones very near each other, joined with the two sacral ones (pattern A11; fig. 1); and (3) head longer than wide, its width being contained about 3.6 times in snout-vent length ( fig. 6D, ...
Context 11
... presence of two anterior dorsal brown stripes fused to the sacral ones in some specimens of H. anataliasiasi (pattern All ; fig. 1) distinguishes them from H. rubicundula and H. cachimbo, which lack such a pattern; also, the absence in the former of two divergent dorsal brown stripes, from the anterior section of head to nearly half of the dorsum, barely separated from two sacral brown stripes (patterns A1 and A4), with or without additional dorsolateral stripes ...
Context 12
... stripes, from the anterior section of head to nearly half of the dorsum, barely separated from two sacral brown stripes (patterns A1 and A4), with or without additional dorsolateral stripes (patterns A5 and A8-Al0), distinguishes it from H. rubicundula, which has many individuals with such patterns. A mid-dorsal pin stripe (patterns B1 and B6; fig. 1) in many specimens of H. anataliasiasi distinguishes them from H. cachimbo i n which stripes are absent. A well-marked dark brown to black dorsolateral stripe under a thin white stripe (pattern C7; fig. 2) in some specimens of H. anataliasiasi distinguishes them from H. rubicundula and H. cachimbo which never possess such a pattern; ...
Context 13
... -In life, dorsal surfaces green (BOKERMANN, 1972). In preservative, dorsum reddish with occasional dark brown stripes and dots (patterns A2, A6 and A 11; fig. 1); a mid-dorsal pin-stripe present or not (patterns B1-B2; fig. 2); canthus rostralis delimited, or not, by a subcanthal dark brown stripe bordered above by a light pink to white stripe (patterns F1-F3; fig. 2); lorus with a variable degree of melanization; a lateral brown stripe sometimes present on flanks from posterior corner of ...
Similar publications
Citations
... Measurements (in mm) follow Duellman (1970): snout-vent length (SVL), head length (HL), head width (HW), eye diameter (ED), eye-nostril distance (END, defined as ''snout length'' by Duellman 1970), internarial distance (IND), eyelid width (EW), interorbital distance (IOD), tympanum diameter (TD), tibia length (TL) and foot length (FL). We also measured snout length (SL; Cei 1980), thigh length (THL) and tarsus length (TAL; Heyer et al. 1990), Finger III disc diameter (3FD), and Toe IV disc diameter (4TD; Napoli and Caramaschi 1999). Terminology for external morphology follows Duellman (1970), except for the dorsal outline of the snout, which follows Heyer et al. (1990). ...
The genus Aplastodiscus (Hylidae) is widely distributed in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil and adjacent Argentina, and a single species inhabits the Cerrado in Central Brazil. The genus comprises 16 species included in 4 species groups. The A. albosignatus species group contains 6 described species, as well as two candidate species referred to as Aplastodiscus sp. 5 and Aplastodiscus sp. 6 in previous studies. Here we name and describe Aplastodiscus sp. 6, based on morphology, DNA sequences, and vocalizations. The new species is known only from the northern sector of the Mantiqueira Mountain Range and can be distinguished morphologically from most congeneric species based on body size, iris color pattern, and cloacal ornamentation. The new species is distinguished from its sister species A. leucopygius by its vocalization. The species of the A. albosignatus group share a conserved external morphology and most of the morphological characters traditionally included in their diagnoses failed to distinguish them. In contrast, advertisement call traits, such as call duration, call envelope, and distribution of sound energy in the harmonic series, were informative in Aplastodiscus species discrimination.
... To redress this knowledge gap, we investigated the diversification of a treefrog species group mostly endemic to the Cerrado, the Dendropsophus rubicundulus subgroup. This subgroup is part of the D. microcephalus species group and currently comprises 11 species including two species complexes that together account for ten of the named species: the D. anataliasiasi complex [including D. anataliasiasi (Bokermann, 1972), D. elianeae (Napoli and Caramaschi, 2000), D. rubicundulus (Reinhardt andLütken, 1862 "1861"), and D. sanborni (Schmidt, 1944)] and the D. araguaya complex [including D. araguaya (Napoli and Caramaschi, 1998), D. cachimbo (Napoli and Caramaschi, 1999a), D. cerradensis (Napoli and Caramaschi, 1998), D. jimi (Napoli and Caramaschi, 1999b), D. rozenmani (Jansen et al., 2019), and D. tritaeniatus (Bokermann, 1965)] (Orrico et al., 2020). Dendropsophus rhea (Napoli and Caramaschi, 1999b) is not assigned to any species complex (Orrico et al., 2020) but has nonetheless been included in the D. rubicundulus subgroup, despite an absence of phylogenetic evidence supporting this treatment. ...
... All species have a small body size (14.5 to 38.7 mm snout-vent length) with variable color patterns, although the predominant dorsum color is green in life, which becomes pink or violet when preserved (Jansen et al., 2019;Orrico et al., 2020). Some species in the D. rubicundulus subgroup have a striped dorsal pattern and a lateral darker band from the snout tip to nearly the thighs that separates the lighter color of the dorsum (Napoli and Caramaschi, 1999a). Variations of dorsal pattern and the lateral band have been used as diagnostic characters for several species in this subgroup, which occur mainly in the Brazilian Cerrado and in adjacent regions of Bolivia (Beni and Cerrado savannas, and Chiquitano dry forests) and Paraguay (Humid Chaco) (Jansen et al., 2019). ...
... For example, there might be some confusion between Dendropsophus cachimbo and D. tritaeniatus in the literature. The geographic location where the sequences in GenBank that are assigned to D. cachimbo were collected are far from its type locality and are geographically closer to or overlapping with the type locality of D. triaeniatus (Bokermann, 1965;Napoli and Caramaschi, 1999a). ...
Understanding the processes that generate and maintain biodiversity at and below the species level is a central goal of evolutionary biology. Here we explore the spatial and temporal drivers of diversification of the treefrog subgroup Dendropsophus rubicundulus, a subgroup of the D. microcephalus species group, over periods of pronounced geological and climatic changes in the Neotropical savannas that they inhabit. This subgroup currently comprises 11 recognized species distributed across the Brazilian and Bolivian savannas, but the taxonomy has been in a state of flux, necessitating reexamination. Using newly generated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) and mitochondrial 16S sequence data for ∼150 specimens, we inferred phylogenetic relationships, tested species limits using a model-based approach, and estimated divergence times to gain insights into the geographic and climatic events that affected the diversification of this subgroup. Our results recognized at least nine species: D. anataliasiasi, D. araguaya, D. cerradensis, D. elianeae, D. jimi, D. rubicundulus, D. tritaeniatus, D. rozenmani, and D. sanborni. Although we did not collect SNP data for the latter two species, they are likely distinct based on mitochondrial data. In addition, we found genetic structure within the widespread species D. rubicundulus, which comprises three allopatric lineages connected by gene flow upon secondary contact. We also found evidence of population structure and perhaps undescribed diversity in D. elianeae, which warrants further study. The D. rubicundulus subgroup is estimated to have originated in the Late Miocene (∼5.45 million years ago), with diversification continuing through the Pliocene and Early Pleistocene, followed by the most recent divergence of D. rubicundulus lineages in the Middle Pleistocene. The epeirogenic uplift followed by erosion and denudation of the central Brazilian plateau throughout the Pliocene and Pleistocene, in combination with the increasing frequency and amplitude of climatic fluctuations during the Pleistocene, was important for generating and structuring diversity at or below the species level in the D. rubicundulus subgroup.
... Measurements (in mm) are based on Pinheiro et al. (2016) and follow Duellman (1970): snout-vent length (SVL), head length (HL), head width (HW), eye diameter (ED), eye-nostril distance (END), internarial distance (IND), eyelid width (EW), interorbital distance (IOD), tympanum diameter (TD), tibia length (TL), tarsal length (TAL), and foot length (FL). We also measured snout length (SL; Cei, 1980), thigh length (THL; Heyer et al., 1990), finger III disc diameter (3FD), and toe IV disc diameter (4TD; Napoli and Caramaschi, 1999). Terminology for external morphology follows Duellman (1970), except for the dorsal outline of the snout, which follows Heyer et al. (1990). ...
A recent systematic revision pointed out that the name Boana polytaenia has been applied to a nonmonophyletic assemblage because populations identified as B. polytaenia from the northern Mantiqueira and southern Espinhaço mountain ranges are not closely related with the species' nominal clade. In this sense, specimens from these two biogeographic regions were recovered within two clades named Boana sp. 3 and Boana sp. 4, respectively. Here we characterized and compared external morphologies, calls, and DNA of specimens of the clade of B. polytaenia and from the two candidate species (Boana sp. 3 and Boana sp. 4). From these comparisons we herein describe a new cryptic species. Boana guarinimirim sp. nov. differs from its closely related species by the presence of a supracloacal crest, calcar appendage, and conspicuous discs on toes. Nevertheless, the new species could not be completely discriminated from its distantly related taxon B. polytaenia. We applied the new name to the clade distributed throughout the northern Mantiqueira range (Boana sp. 3), but the new name could also be applied to the clade from southern Espinhaço range (Boana sp. 4). Additional sampling efforts and new sources of evidence, such as larvae morphology and chromosomal features, should evaluate whether the lineages are conspecifics.
... Two measurements were taken in accordance with Heyer et al. (1990): hand length (HAL) and thigh length (THL). Two measurements were taken by following Napoli and Caramaschi (1999): eye-nostril distance (END) and foot length (FL). One measurement was taken by following Garcia et al. (2003): distance between the anterior margins of eyes (AMD). ...
We describe a new species of Physalaemus assigned to the Physalaemus signifer Clade, and it is morphologically similar to P. rupestris, from the highlands of the Serra do Cipó in the southern Espinhaço Range, State of Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. The new species is diagnosed by using the following combination of character states: presence of an arrow-shaped blotch on the dorsum of body; presence of a median longitudinal light stripe over urostyle region; belly and ventral surface of thigh marbled with dark gray irregularly shaped blotches on a bluish background; absence of reddish coloration over axillary and inguinal regions in live individuals; bright orange dots scattered over head, upper lip, and dorsum of body in live individuals; ventral surface of hand and foot red in live individuals; small size (adult male SVL=16.2–18.2 mm); presence of brown, not divided, nuptial pad in males; END/ED in males ranging from 0.85–0.93; supernumerary tubercles on foot absent; tarsal fold absent; tarsal tubercle absent; texture of posterior region of belly and ventral surface of thigh smooth; advertisement call composed of two note types (note A + B); advertisement call duration of 0.80–1.28 s; note A with ascending amplitude until mid-note then descending towards the end of the note; note B with pulses arranged in 5–7 groups; and dominant frequency of note A from 1734.4–2765.6 Hz and of note B from 1507.3–2859.4 Hz. A phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial DNA sequences recovered the new species nested within the Physalaemus deimaticus species group. Additionally, we redescribe the call of Physalaemus rupestris and provide a review of the geographic distribution and conservation status of the species belonging to the P. deimaticus species group.
... Other endemic species of reptiles and amphibians are known from the Novo Progresso region, within the Serra do Cachimbo mountain range, including the lizard Tropidurus insulanus (Rodrigues 1987) and Dendropsophus cachimbo (Napoli and Caramaschi 1999), indicating the biogeographic importance of this region. As noted above, the collection of more specimens from more localities throughout the region, coupled with additional data, is essential to test our -candidate species‖ hypothesis for the Novo Progresso individual. ...
Traditionally focused on Amazonian and Atlantic rainforests, studies on the origins of high Neotropical biodiversity have recently shifted to also investigate biodiversity processes in the South American dry diagonal, encompassing Chaco, Cerrado savannas and Caatinga seasonally dry tropical forests. The plateau/depression hypothesis states that riparian forests in the Brazilian Shield in central Brazil are inhabited by Pleistocene lineages, with shallow divergences and signatures of population expansion. Moreover, riparian forests may have acted as a vegetation network in the Pleistocene, allowing gene/species flow across the South American dry diagonal. We tested these hypotheses using Colobosaura modesta, a small gymnophthalmid lizard from forested habitats in the Cerrado savannas and montane/submontane forests in the Caatinga. We conducted phylogeographic analyses using a multi‐locus dataset, tested alternative demographic scenarios with Approximate Bayesian Computation, and also employed species delimitation tests. We recovered a history of recent colonization and expansion along riparian forests, associated with Pleistocene climate shifts, and the existence of a new species of Colobosaura restricted to the Serra do Cachimbo region. We also present evidence that riparian forests have provided an interconnected network for forest organisms within the South American dry diagonal and that Pleistocene events played an important role in their evolutionary history.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
... Briefly, these species can be morphologically grouped into those with an immaculate (predominant green) dorsum [D. cachimbo (Napoli & Caramaschi, 1999a), known only from type locality, and D. elianeae (Napoli & Caramaschi, 2000), distributed from east-central Paraguay to east central and southern Brazil)], and those with stripes [D. tritaeniatus (Bokermann, 1965), D. araguaya (Napoli & Caramaschi, 1998), D. cerra den sis (Napoli & Caramaschi, 1998), D. jimi (Napoli & Ca ramaschi, 1999b), D. rhea (Napoli & Caramaschi, 1999b), D. anataliasiasi (Bokermann, 1965), D. rubicun dulus (Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862)]. ...
... call types forming a composite call]. In addition, D. elianeae has a larger SVL of around 20 to 26 mm in males and 25 to 26 mm in females [around 19 to 21 mm in males and 23 mm in females](napoli & caramaschi, 1999a,b, 2000martins & Jim, 2004;Jansen et al., 2011;teixeira & Giaretta, 2015; Jansen own data).Because Dendropsophus cruzi(Pombal & Bastos, 1998), D. julianiMoravec, Aparicio & Köhler, 2006, D. juliani A, and D. sanborni ...
Herein we describe Dendropsophus rozenmani sp. nov. based on morphological, bioacoustic, and molecular data. This new species is distinguished from other species of Dendropsophus by its small size (SVL 18.7-21.1 mm in adult males and 19.6-23.2 mm in females); in life, dorsal ground coloration brown, with two anterior parallel and straight, dark brown stripes and a middorsal sacral stripe; and lateral limits of dorsal coloration above tympanum. In addition, the new species differs from all other species of the D. rubicundulus group (along with D. anataliasiasi) by having a composite advertisement call, i.e., a series of calls consisting of two call types. In a phylogenetic tree based on 494 bp of the 16S mitochondrial gene, four species of Dendropsophus, D. cruzi, D. juliani, and D. sanborni and one candidate species, D. juliani A, are positioned within the rubicundulus species group which poses questions on the monophyly of this group as well as its morphological definition. The occurrence of both single and composite calls in the D. rubicundulus group suggests future studies on the call evolution in that group as well as the whole genus.
... Standards for describing the dorsal outline and profile of the snout followed Heyer et al. (1990). Measurements (in mm) follow Duellmann (1970): snout-vent length (SVL), head length (HL), head width (HW), eye diameter (ED), eye to nostril distance (END), internarial distance (IND), nostril to tip of snout distance (NSD), eyelid width (EW), tympanum diameter (TD), tibia length (TL), foot length (FL); Heyer et al. (1990): hand length (HAL), thigh length (THL), tarsal length (TAL); Duellman et al. (1997): forearm length (FAL); Napoli and Caramaschi (1999): third finger disc diameter (3FD) fourth toe disc diameter (4TD); and Garcia et al. (2003): anterior margins of eyes distance (AMD tics Research Program, 2017). Audiospectrograms were produced with an FFT of 256 points, 75% overlap, and Hann window. ...
We describe a new species of Boana endemic to the Araguaia-Tocantins Basin in the center of the Brazilian Cerrado that was previously confused with species of the B. pulchella group. The new species is tentatively included in the B. albopunctata group on the basis of morphological and bioacoustics traits. The new species is characterized by a rounded head in dorsal view, dorsal color pattern consisting of three longitudinal beige stripes separated by two dark-brown stripes, posterior surfaces of thighs purple with dark-brown spots, and absence of a calcar appendage. Males have a pulsed advertisement call, with the end of the first note possessing an uncountable number of pulses. The new species differs from species of the B. pulchella group by the presence of a slip of the m. depressor mandibulae of scapular origin, presence of anterolateral processes of the hyoid, and curved dentigerous processes of vomers.
... Herein, we tested the hypothesis that male BC is positively correlated with higher perches, and characterized the morphometric features associated with perching height. For that, we sampled males of Dendropsophus jimi (Napoli & Caramaschi, 1999) (Fig. 1) from a species poor pond (four anuran species) dominated by grasses, in the Brazilian Cerrado Savanna (Myers et al. 2000). The lack of congeneric species in the pond allowed the locally abundant D. jimi males to use all possible perch heights, thus releasing this feature from potential interspecific competition (e.g. ...
... Water depth can reach ~1m. Dendropsophus jimi is a small hylid (males SVL 17.6 -20.9 mm) with a green dorsum, typically associated with permanent ponds in open areas (Napoli & Caramaschi 1999). This species concentrates its reproductive effort in wet season (Brasileiro et al. 2005) and produces free-living tadpoles that live in lentic water bodies (mode 1, Haddad & Prado 2005). ...
Calling is a key behavior in anuran ecology, associated with individual reproductive success and territory maintenance. Sites that allow better sound propagation, with higher intensity and less energy consumption, are a resource that males will compete for. We used body condition (BC) as a proxy for competitive performance to test the hypothesis that Dendropsophus jimi males with superior BC occupied better perches for calling in a pond with simple vegetative structure. Because grassy layer density and height are inversely correlated, presumably facilitating sound propagation, we expected a positive correlation between BC and perch height in open-field specialists. We also identified which morphological features were associated with higher perching. In addition, if calling males are depleting energy reserves during the breeding season, they should maintain BC through food consumption. To test this hypothesis, we performed a correlation between stomach volume and food item abundance with BC. We found perch height to be positively correlated with BC. Higher calling males were also characterized by having longer legs, shorter carpus and smaller heads. However, we found no correlation between BC and food intake. We suggest that calling males are depleting previously accumulated energy stocks. Higher calling perches are apparently actively disputed by D. jimi, as superior BC males are using mainly higher perches. We suggest that our findings on the small D. jimi are also expected for other open field Hylinae in the Cerrado.
... The occurrence of D. rubicundulus was negatively associated with vegetation inside the pond, reflecting the preference of this species for open water. Dendropsophus rubicundulus and P. azurea are widely distributed throughout the Cerrado (Napoli and Caramaschi 1999;Silva et al. 2011), and thus might be expected to occur in a wide variety of pond habitats. We do know that P. azurea can be found in open areas within native Cerrado habitats as well as in highly disturbed environments elsewhere (e.g., Nomura et al. 2012;Bruschi et al. 2013), which reinforces the results of our occupancy model analysis. ...
Context. The Brazilian Cerrado, a global biodiversity hotspot, is being converted to agricultural production. Amphibians in particular are susceptible to agricultural practices that threaten both their wetland and upland habitats. Although local site variables are important for determining species occurrence, site occupancy is also mediated by the broader landscape and management context in which the site occurs.
Objectives. Investigate the relative effects of broad-, intermediate-, and local-scale factors on species
occurrence for pond-breeding anurans within different landscapes across an agricultural-disturbance gradient in the Cerrado.
Methods. Ponds were surveyed for adult anurans over 3 years within 18 landscapes (each 625 km2) that varied in their degree of agricultural land use (landscape context). We analyzed species distribution models for eight pond-breeding anurans, using hierarchical binomial generalized linear models.
Results. The broader landscape context had a significant effect on the incidence of pond-breeding anurans, even after accounting for variation in other environmental factors at more local (pond) or intermediate (1-km2) scales. The top-ranked models for most species included some combination of broad-, intermediate- and local-scale factors, however. These covariates influenced species occurrence in different ways, with the response to agricultural disturbance varying among species. Although some species were negatively affected, others appeared to benefit from agricultural activities that increased breeding habitat (e.g., impoundments to provide water for cattle).
Conclusions. Landscape context, the degree to which landscapes have been transformed by agricultural land use, has a major influence on the distribution of pond-breeding anurans in the Brazilian Cerrado.
... Measurements (in mm) follow Duellman (1970): snout-vent length (SVL), head length (HL), head width (HW), eye diameter (ED), eye-nostril distance (END), internarial distance (IND), eyelid width (EW), interorbital distance (IOD), tympanum diameter (TD), tibia length (TL), tarsal length (TAL), and foot length (FL). We also measured snout length (SL; Cei 1980); thigh length (THL; Heyer et al. 1990); finger III disc diameter (3FD), and toe IV disc diameter (4TD; Napoli and Caramaschi 1999). Additionally, we measured calcar length (CAL; distance from the base to the tip of the calcar). ...
A new species of the Hypsiboas pulchellus group is described from the Mantiqueira range, in the Munic´ıpio de Rio Preto, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We describe adults, tadpoles, and the advertisement call. The new species is morphologically similar to H. freicanecae, a species known from a few localities in the states of Alagoas and Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, ~1640 km north. Adults differ from H. freicanecae in having a slender body, smaller male size, larger calcar, and hidden surfaces of thighs and feet orange in life. Tadpoles have a ventraloral disc, with labial tooth row formula 2(2)/3–4(1), with one to three narrow posterior gaps on the marginal papillae located on the oral discemarginations. The advertisement call is composed of two nonpulsed notes with dominant frequency at the second harmonic. The species is known only from its type locality, in an unprotected area.
