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The Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality (CAPP) is a recently developed conceptual model of psychopathy designed to index the disorder across 33 personality traits. Although recent research has evidenced support for the CAPP model with respect to the convergent, criterion, and predictive validity of CAPP instruments, little work has...
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... Other studies of the model exist but they focused on different population types (i.e., students, forensic patients, incarcerated offenders), which makes their results difficult to compare with ours (Cooke et al., 2021;Hannibal, Hohn, et al., 2021a, 2021b. However, these methodological approaches are necessary for the development of the CAPP model. ...
Le Trouble de la Personnalité Psychopathique (TPP) suscite autant d’intérêt qu’il a d’enjeux au niveau de la communauté scientifique, de la clinique et de la société. Les enjeux présentés dans cette thèse soutiennent la mise en place de plusieurs axes de recherches qui portent sur la validité de la psychopathie.
Le premier axe est de réaliser un état de l’art sur l’évaluation de la psychopathie au travers des modèles de la Psychopathy Checklist – Revised (PCL-R ; Hare, 2003), la Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality – Institutional Rating Scale (CAPP-IRS ; Cooke et al., 2004), l’Interpersonal Measure of Psychopathy (Kosson et al., 1997) et la Self-Report of Psychopathy Scale – III (SRP – III ; Paulhus et al., 2009).
Le second axe est d’examiner la validité du concept de TPP à l’aide d’analyses prototypiques du modèle de la CAPP. Des étudiants de première années universitaires (N = 139) et des professionnels de la santé mentale (N = 204) ont une perception relativement similaire du TPP. Cependant, les étudiants ont tendances à relier, au concept de psychopathie, des symptômes supplémentaires qui s’apparentent à d’autres troubles psychiatriques.
Le troisième axe est d’analyser la validité psychométrique des versions francophones de la PCL-R, la CAPP-IRS et de l’IM-P. Sur un échantillon de 71 patients internés, les différentes échelles montrent de bonnes qualités psychométriques (fiabilité interjuges, Alpha Chronbac, etc.). Les corrélations inter-facteurs des trois échelles indiquent une complémentarité entre elles.
Le quatrième axe vise à explorer le lien entre le TPP, via les trois échelles précédemment citées, et les compétences cognitives relatives à une conception de l’intelligence (WAIS-IV). Sur un échantillon de 45 patients internés, il n’y a pas de corrélation significative entre les mesures de psychopathie et le score total du Quotient Intellectuel. Cependant, les analyses exposent des corrélations intéressantes entre les différentes caractéristiques de la psychopathie et les indices de la WAIS-IV.
Le dernier axe consiste en un état de l’art sur les facteurs potentiels liés à l’institutionnalisation des personnes avec un TPP. Le fait d’être « étiqueté » psychopathe peut avoir des répercussions quant à la décision prise sur la longueur de la peine. La comorbidité psychiatrique ne semble pas jouer un rôle dans la forme d’enfermement choisie car il n’y a pas plus de comorbidité en milieu carcéral qu’en milieu médicolégal. La dangerosité criminelle et TPP étant fortement liées, ce facteur semble déterminant dans l’orientation institutionnelle de ces personnes.
... The second sample consisted of 306 participants located in Canada and the United States recruited online through Amazon's Mechanical Turk (mTurk). As indicated above, community (and mTurk samples) are commonly utilized in self-report psychopathy research (e.g., Collison et al., 2021;Hanniball et al., 2021aHanniball et al., , 2021bHyatt et al., 2021;Stanton et al., 2021). In line with recommendations from previous research (e.g., Peer et al., 2014), the following inclusion criteria were used to decrease validity concerns: HIT (i.e., task) approval rate of 95% and above and at least 5,000 prior HIT approvals. ...
Section III of the fifth iteration of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) includes an alternative model of personality disorder diagnosis that conceptualizes antisocial personality disorder as an interpersonal, rather than behavioral, construct. However, the diagnostic specifier for psychopathy has been met with recent controversy due to its conceptual and empirical overlap with triarchic boldness, which has been debated as a necessary and sufficient domain of psychopathy. This study examined the concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity of the specifier using canonical correlation analysis in samples of undergraduate students (N = 224) and community adults with prior criminal involvement (N = 306). Findings highlight the specifier as a multidimensional construct with divergent associations across its three facets. There was limited validity evidence for two of the three facets, raising concerns regarding the clinical utility of the psychopathy specifier.
... Two studies included in this review investigated the CAPP-LRS self-rating form with MGCFA (Hanniball et al. 2021;Sellbom et al. 2015) and both found support for CI. One study established full MI (Sellbom et al. 2015) and one partial MI, with nine non-invariant item loadings (Hanniball et al. 2021). ...
... Two studies included in this review investigated the CAPP-LRS self-rating form with MGCFA (Hanniball et al. 2021;Sellbom et al. 2015) and both found support for CI. One study established full MI (Sellbom et al. 2015) and one partial MI, with nine non-invariant item loadings (Hanniball et al. 2021). Only Sellbom et al. (2015) were able to additionally establish SI, while Hanniball et al. (2021) concluded that SI was not present. ...
... One study established full MI (Sellbom et al. 2015) and one partial MI, with nine non-invariant item loadings (Hanniball et al. 2021). Only Sellbom et al. (2015) were able to additionally establish SI, while Hanniball et al. (2021) concluded that SI was not present. In the study by Sellbom et al. (2015), men scored significantly higher than women on all factors with small to medium effect sizes (general factor, z = 8.14, p < 0.001, d = 0.68, bi-factors boldness/emotional stability, z = 2.84, p = 0.005, d = 0.28; emotional detachment, z = 4.86, p < 0.001, d = 0.60; and disinhibition, z = 1.97, p = 0.049, d = 0.18). ...
Research on sex differences in psychopathy indicates that men generally exhibit higher psychopathy scores than women. Measurement equivalence is an important prerequisite for the investigation of mean differences, but is often neglected for psychopathy instruments. The current research provides a systematic qualitative review of the pertinent literature on measurement invariance between men and women for several rater-based and self-report-based psychopathy assessments. Based on 28 studies, we found that the factor structure and factor loadings are most likely comparable between sexes for four out of nine instruments. Results on item thresholds, however, are inconsistent, which questions the comparability of mean scores between men and women for these instruments. The majority of studies that reported acceptable measurement equivalence indicated higher psychopathy scores among men compared to women. As the current literature is neither consistent nor exhaustive, further research needs to address structural differences in psychopathy between biological sexes more systematically.
... In addition to conceptual and content-based evaluations, studies examining the reliability, adequacy, and psychometric properties of CAPP instruments have suggested these measures exhibit moderate to high levels of internal consistency across several relevant populations and have demonstrated sound convergent validity with other established measures of psychopathic personality (Dawson et al., 2012;Hanniball et al., 2018Hanniball et al., , 2019Pedersen et al., 2010;Sandvik et al., 2012;Sellbom et al., 2015). From a structural perspective, most research with the CAPP model has favored a threefactor solution over the originally proposed six-factor model (Hanniball et al., 2020;Sellbom et al., 2015); findings which hold constant when tested in diverse cultures . Such research indicates that a model comprising the three essential elements of interpersonal dominance, behavioral impulsivity, and deficient affective experience adequately captures psychopathy as measured under the CAPP framework. ...
... The self-rating instrument contains 33 trait descriptive adjectival symptoms identified as relevant to psychopathy, which are grouped rationally into six thematic domains of personality functioning including Attachment, Behavioral, Cognitive, Dominance, Emotional, and Self. As reviewed above, although originally proposed to cover the noted six distinctly thematic content areas, the majority of previous empirical work on the CAPP model has demonstrated that a three factor model comprising the domains of Dominance, Disinhibition, and Deficient Emotional/Interpersonal Attachment frequently offers a better interpretation of the data across multiple samples, and fits more comfortably with longstanding theory regarding the conceptual contours of psychopathy (Cooke & Michie, 2001;Hanniball et al., 2020;Lim, 2016;Sellbom et al., 2015). As such, both models were considered here. ...
... We chose to employ this approach because each set of techniques offers unique advantages depending on the level (e.g., test, domain, item) of the instrument under psychometric scrutiny. Using CFA, we were able to evaluate the overall factor structure of the CAPP-LRS and CAPP-Basic to confirm whether our sample adequately fit with the three-and six-factor CAPP models specified in previous research (e.g., Hanniball et al., 2020;Lim, 2016), 4 allowing us to ascertain whether the alterations made for the CAPP-Basic led to any degradation of those models' fit compared with the CAPP-LRS. CFA also allowed us to compare the item loadings for each model to determine whether the lexical alterations of the CAPP-Basic potentially resulted in a different pattern of item relationships with their respective factors. ...
The Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality–Lexical Rating Scale (CAPP-LRS) is a self-report instrument designed to index psychopathy according to the CAPP psychopathy framework. Developed with the expressed goal of advancing the state of knowledge regarding the specific features of psychopathy, the CAPP model and associated instruments have garnered increasing attention and support in the field. Despite the conceptual strength of the CAPP model, the advanced lexical structure of its primary research tool (the CAPP-LRS) has led researchers to question the utility of the instrument for use with some populations of interest (e.g., forensic/correctional and adolescent/young adult samples). The aim of the present work was to address this issue by creating a lexically simplified, though functionally equivalent, version of the CAPP-LRS to increase accessibility to critically relevant populations. A set of two studies (N = 602) describes the adaptation protocol and the initial validation of the modified instrument.
... Confirmatory factor analyses and correlation studies have indicated good construct validity of the CAPP model; with large correlations seen between scores from the CAPP and other well validated measures of PPD, as well as support for a broad 'global' psychopathy factor (Hanniball et al., 2019;Kreis et al., 2012;McCuish et al., 2019;Sandvik et al., 2012;Sellbom et al., 2015;. The internal structure of the CAPP has been assessed yielding a three-factor solution with domains representing behavioral, interpersonal, and affective areas of functioning (Hanniball et al., 2021;Kavish et al., 2020). Convergent validity of the CAPP symptoms with domains of other self-report measures of PPD showed a pattern consistent with conceptual expectations. ...
Psychopathic personality disorder (PPD) is a widely researched construct characterized by severe dysfunction in affective, interpersonal and behavioral domains. Inconsistencies across different theoretical formulations and operationalizations have major implications for research and practice. Two separate personality-based perspectives of psychopathy have been proposed, one anchored within the influential five factor model (FFM) of personality and the comprehensive assessment of psychopathic personality (CAPP) model, which was specifically designed as an inclusive concept map of PPD. The current study evaluated the empirical overlap between the CAPP and the FFM-based models of psychopathy to determine the convergences and divergences in providing a personality-based perspective on psychopathy. Participants were undergraduate students (n = 924) who completed the CAPP-Self-Report (CAPP-SR) and the Elemental Psychopathy Assessment-Short Form (EPA-SF). Results indicated significant convergent validity associations between CAPP-SR scales and conceptually relevant EPA-SF scales (range = .30-.74; median discriminant associations range = .10-.36). Furthermore, an exploratory factor analysis supported the conceptual overlap between the CAPP-SR and EPA-SF scales as representing personality-based models of psychopathy, yielding a 4-factor structure that reflected antagonism, disinhibition, emotional stability, and narcissism. Overall, the findings support the convergence of the CAPP and FFM-based PPD models, at both a basic trait and higher order level. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
... Finally, psychometric investigations into the structural properties of the CAPP have generally favored a three-factor solution (Flórez et al., 2018;Hanniball et al., 2021;Kavish et al., 2020;Sellbom et al., 2015). 2 For example, several studies employing the CAPP-LRS and CAPP-IRS have revealed support for a bifactor model comprised of a general higher-order factor and three residual facets exhibiting conceptual conformity to widely accepted models of psychopathy that propose the necessity of features reflecting deficits across interpersonal, affective, and behavioral domains (Cooke & Michie, 2001). Such findings have been loosely replicated among community samples of varying national and ethnic backgrounds, as well as in Spanish inmates (Flórez et al., 2018;Kavish et al., 2020;Sellbom et al., 2015). ...
... Such findings have been loosely replicated among community samples of varying national and ethnic backgrounds, as well as in Spanish inmates (Flórez et al., 2018;Kavish et al., 2020;Sellbom et al., 2015). Though recent debate has questioned the conceptual adequacy of bifactor models to describe latent constructs-particularly those pertaining to personality pathology (Greene et al., 2019;Murray & Johnson, 2013)-recent work examining the CAPP-LRS under a standard higher-order structure further supported a three-factor model (i.e., dominance, disinhibition, and deficient attachment) with invariance across men and women (Hanniball et al., 2021). ...
... Regarding the six-factor model, examination of means and standard deviations suggested that all domains were rated as highly prototypical of psychopathy (Ms ≥ 5; Table 3). Further, the three most prototypical domains 10. Several studies have confirmed and replicated a three-factor structure closely resembling Cooke and Michie's (2001) widely accepted three-factor model of psychopathy (Hanniball et al., 2021;Lim, 2016). This structure, as defined by items confirmed in previous work, is the model utilized and confirmed in the current study. ...
The Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality (CAPP) is a lexically based conceptual model of psychopathy. Despite widespread use in research settings, the Lexical Rating Scale for the CAPP (CAPP-LRS) requires an advanced reading level for completion. The present study is the first to evaluate the content validity of the CAPP-Basic, a lexically simplified version of the CAPP-LRS designed for use with individuals possessing lower verbal skills. Symptoms were rated by mental health professionals (N = 121). Findings were largely in line with results of previous studies, indicating good content validity of the CAPP-Basic at the domain and symptom level.
... In addition to conceptual and content-based evaluations, studies examining the reliability, adequacy, and psychometric properties of CAPP instruments have suggested these measures exhibit moderate to high levels of internal consistency across several relevant populations and have demonstrated sound convergent validity with other established measures of psychopathic personality (Dawson et al., 2012;Hanniball et al., 2018Hanniball et al., , 2019Pedersen et al., 2010;Sandvik et al., 2012;Sellbom et al., 2015). From a structural perspective, most research with the CAPP model has favored a threefactor solution over the originally proposed six-factor model (Hanniball et al., 2020;Sellbom et al., 2015); findings which hold constant when tested in diverse cultures . Such research indicates that a model comprising the three essential elements of interpersonal dominance, behavioral impulsivity, and deficient affective experience adequately captures psychopathy as measured under the CAPP framework. ...
... The self-rating instrument contains 33 trait descriptive adjectival symptoms identified as relevant to psychopathy, which are grouped rationally into six thematic domains of personality functioning including Attachment, Behavioral, Cognitive, Dominance, Emotional, and Self. As reviewed above, although originally proposed to cover the noted six distinctly thematic content areas, the majority of previous empirical work on the CAPP model has demonstrated that a three factor model comprising the domains of Dominance, Disinhibition, and Deficient Emotional/Interpersonal Attachment frequently offers a better interpretation of the data across multiple samples, and fits more comfortably with longstanding theory regarding the conceptual contours of psychopathy (Cooke & Michie, 2001;Hanniball et al., 2020;Lim, 2016;Sellbom et al., 2015). As such, both models were considered here. ...
... We chose to employ this approach because each set of techniques offers unique advantages depending on the level (e.g., test, domain, item) of the instrument under psychometric scrutiny. Using CFA, we were able to evaluate the overall factor structure of the CAPP-LRS and CAPP-Basic to confirm whether our sample adequately fit with the three-and six-factor CAPP models specified in previous research (e.g., Hanniball et al., 2020;Lim, 2016), 4 allowing us to ascertain whether the alterations made for the CAPP-Basic led to any degradation of those models' fit compared with the CAPP-LRS. CFA also allowed us to compare the item loadings for each model to determine whether the lexical alterations of the CAPP-Basic potentially resulted in a different pattern of item relationships with their respective factors. ...
The Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality–Lexical Rating Scale (CAPP-LRS) is a self-report instrument designed to index psychopathy according to the CAPP psychopathy framework. Developed with the expressed goal of advancing the state of knowledge regarding the specific features of psychopathy, the CAPP model and associated
instruments have garnered increasing attention and support in the field. Despite the conceptual strength of the CAPP model, the advanced lexical structure of its primary research tool (the CAPP-LRS) has led researchers to question the utility of the instrument for use with some populations of interest (e.g., forensic/correctional and adolescent/young adult samples). The aim of the present work was to address this issue by creating a lexically simplified, though functionally equivalent, version of the CAPP-LRS to increase accessibility to critically relevant populations. A set of two studies (N = 602) describes the adaptation protocol and the initial validation of the modified instrument.
In a study undertaken to examine the content validity of the French-language version of the Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality (CAPP), a lexically-based conceptual model and clinical assessment of psychopathy, 204 French-speaking mental health professionals rated the symptoms covered by the CAPP for prototypicality. The majority of the symptoms were deemed to be “moderately” to “highly” prototypical of psychopathy. Of the model’s six domains, Dominance, Attachment and Self were considered more prototypical than Emotional, Behavioral and Cognitive. Results were consistent with those of other prototypicality studies. Descriptives analyses suggested that the ratings of English-speaking mental health professionals were higher than their French-speaking counterparts. However,
the effect sizes were small according to the Cohen’s d analyses. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that Attachment was the only unidimensional domain. Finally, exploratory factor analysis yielded three factors—Egotism, Interpersonal rigidity, and Lack of responsibility. These factors were primarily underpinned by symptoms that entailed interpersonal and social cognitive traits.
The Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality-Self-Report (CAPP-SR) is the most recent operationalization of the CAPP model which uses 33 symptoms to conceptualize psychopathic personality disorder. In the current study, we sought to examine the cross-cultural utility of the CAPP-SR in an Iranian sample. In Study 1, we translated the CAPP-SR into Persian and assessed the linguistic convergence between the Persian and original English versions using a sample of Persian–English bilingual university students in New Zealand. In Study 2, we examined the reliability and validity of the Persian CAPP-SR using a sample of university students in Iran. Our results showed that the Persian CAPP-SR has a promising pattern of convergent and incremental validity in terms of their associations with conceptually-relevant criterion measures, including those designed for the Iranian cultural context. Overall, the findings from the current study support the use of the Persian CAPP-SR as well as having implications for the cross-cultural utility of the CAPP model.
