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The energy assessment of the PV power systems is carried out by using different types of performance indicators that benchmark the output of these systems against the PV panel maximum output at hypothetical operation conditions. In this paper, a comparative analysis of six types of performance indicators is conducted and a new performance indicator...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... The first drawback in some of the performance indicators is that they benchmark the performance of the solar PV system to the standard test condi- tion (STC) given in Table 1. Five (STCs) are being used in testing the PV per- formance: zero incident angle, fixed solar irradiation, fixed ambient temperature, fixed air mass, and zero system losses. ...
Context 2
... (STCs) are being used in testing the PV per- formance: zero incident angle, fixed solar irradiation, fixed ambient temperature, fixed air mass, and zero system losses. During actual operation of the solar PV system the standard operation conditions (1 to 5) in Table 1 cannot be achieved constantly, i.e., they are laboratory virtual conditions. Considering these arbi- trary conditions in the performance indicator of a solar PV system, it will un- derestimate the actual value of the system performance and give the end user a false impression about the PV system capacity. ...
Context 3
... on these three drawbacks and from the end-user perspective PV system capacity must be readjusted for each site based on its individual operation con- dition. The only STC of Table 1 that can be achieved in actual PV operation, is the first condition by using solar tracking system that tracks the solar beam and keeps solar incident angle always zero. This design is most likely possible in case of flat roof design or in the case of ground mount PV arrays field for commercial ap- plication. ...
Context 4
... daily amount of solar irradiation striking any surface varies from sunrise to sunset due the sun's position in the sky. A peak sun-hour is the arbitrary day light hours that can offer a 1 kW/m 2 solar irradiance steadily to provide maxi- mum DC output from the PV panels of zero solar incident angle (see conditions 1, 2 in Table 1). Therefore, the average peak sun hours per day (H sh) can be cal- ...
Citations
... Sharma, Palwalia, and Shrivastava (2019) conducted a performance analysis of grid-connected 10.6 kW solar PV systems, with a primary emphasis on commercial-scale installations and grid integration. Odeh (2018) delved into different performance indicators crucial for solar PV installations, employing six indicators including solar fraction, capacity factor, and performance ratio. Abbas, Bevrani, and Shafie (2022) proposed an integrated control approach for coordinating 10 kW solar PV systems within a microgrid setting. ...
... Some are also simpler to understand, making them suited to a nontechnical audience, while more elaborate metrics may only be suitable for an audience with a more technical background. Surveys of these metrics have been written by Mokri & Cunningham [43] and by Odeh [44]. Without going into detail on the measurement methods, all methods compare a measured output with a measured input or a modelled input or output to obtain a performance figure. ...
Solar PV systems should ideally provide power for all seasons, especially at times of peak demand, but until recently, advice on rooftop solar PV system design disregarded the seasonal spread and the hourly spread of generated power. Batteries can help to extend solar energy availability, but their market penetration is low and it will be some time before it is high enough to substantially alter this availability at grid-scale. An intuitive method for designing PV panel systems is therefore proposed to help designers in meeting these design criteria: azimuth-tilt irradiation charts. The application of this design method to single array, dual array and triple array systems is discussed. It is demonstrated that seasonally balanced irradiation can only be achieved for a limited range of PV panel azimuth values, and that for any azimuth angle within this range, there is only one tilt angle that meets the seasonal balance criterion. Three PV panel system configurations with balanced seasonal performance are developed using the charts. The other aim of improving the hourly spread of generated power over traditional north-facing designs can be achieved only in the warmer months, and it is generally achieved only at the cost of reduced annual performance. This trade-off may not be attractive to many designers. Two appendices are included, one on calculating solar position and one on using solar position calculations in performance models and performance metrics. The main paper considers this problem at latitude 33 degrees. An addendum extends the results to latitude range 25 - 60 degrees.
... It is the ratio of actual power produced to theoretical power; for instance, the capacity factor for a year is equal to real (average) power produced (kWh/year) divided by nominal power produced (kW) × 8,760 h/year. It is advised to use the AC voltage values while computing CF (Odeh, 2018). ...
This article investigates the performance metrics of two solar mini-grid systems, Thabang Solar Mini-Grid (TSMG) and Sugarkhal Solar Mini-Grid (SSMG), based on secondary live data, collected from Renewable Energy for Rural Livelihood (RERL) and PVsyst software 7.4 spanning the years 2021–2023. Notably, the highest irradiance levels were recorded in April for both TSMG and SSMG. TSMG exhibited an energy generation of 83.206 MWh/year in 2021 and 112.140 MWh/year in 2022, with a peak sun hour (PSH) of 5.5 h. Conversely, SSMG energy generated 64.14 MWh/year in 2021 and 68.79 MWh/year in 2022, with a PSH of 5.7 h. The capture loss of SSGM recorded 0.239 kWh/day to 3.322 kWh/day in 2021 and 0.082 kWh/day to 2.086 kWh/day in 2022. Also, the capture loss of TSGM recorded 1.573 kWh/day to 5.011 kWh/day in 2021 and 0.470 kWh/day to 4.261 kWh/day in 2023. The efficiency of SSMG is consistently higher efficiency compared to TSMG. The capture factor of SSMG increased from 9.76% in 2021 to 10.47% in 2022, while of TSMG 6.33% in 2021 to 8.53% in 2023. The findings provide valuable insights into the comparative performance of these solar mini-grid systems, contributing to the optimization and improvement of solar energy generation in diverse environmental conditions.
... It evaluates how much of the available solar energy is converted into electrical energy by the system. In general, efficiencies are the ratio between the energy released and energy represented as a percentage [51,55]. Efficiencies can be calculated for the entire system or individual components of the system. ...
As photovoltaic plants (PV) age, the need for efficient monitoring of operations & maintenance (O&M) increases, helping to understand the situation of the plant, identify problems and propose solutions for future strategies. In this context, the objective of this paper is to propose a set of key performance indicators (KPIs), responsable to evaluate O&M performance in PV power plants, considering their importance and complexity mensuration levels. After refining and validating a set of KPIs using Delphi method with industry specialists, the KPIs are classified by energy performance assessment and O&M services assessment. Subsequently, the levels of impor- tance and complexity of measurement are evaluated with stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) method. Finally, after obtaining this information, an importance-complexity matrix is developed, thus contem- plating the proposed set of KPIs. This study presents a comprehensive set of 25 KPIs capable of quantitatively measuring the O&M performance of a PV plant. The results show that the KPIs, Performance Ratio and Spare Parts Availability are the most important in this evaluation, and KPI Contractual Availability presents greater complexity in measuring its parameters. Based on the importance-complexity matrix, it is possible to verify that the KPI, Schedule Compliance stands out compared to the others, presenting a high level of importance and a low level of complexity in its measurement. The information resulting from this study seeks to help PV plant man- agers to select the appropriate KPIs to measure the status of the O&M management of the PV plant.
... Cloudy mornings, afternoons, and periods of fog or dust decrease the incidence of radiation, resulting in a loss of energy production capacity. Therefore, it is essential to note the best position of the panels about the seasons, minimizing these losses by considering the best position for the whole year (Odeh, 2018). ...
The optimal tilt angle of photovoltaic panels plays a crucial role in energy generation. However, the accumulation of dust on solar panels can significantly impact their performance and efficiency, leading to a reduction in energy production. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the effect of dust deposition on the optimal tilt angle of solar panels. Regarding panel installation, it is often observed that panels are positioned to follow the natural slope of the roofs, disregarding the optimal angle for maximizing solar radiation utilization. Numerous studies have investigated the impact of dust accumulation on the performance of photovoltaic panels and the optimal inclination angle for different regions and seasons. This study aims to analyze the optimal tilt angle of photovoltaic panels for maximum energy generation, considering undesired effects such as dust, dirt, water droplets, and other atmospheric factors. The authors have proposed an equation to calculate the optimal tilt angle of photovoltaic panels based on a case study conducted in different Rio de Janeiro City regions. The methodology employed in this study involves estimating solar incidence on the surface of the photovoltaic panels using the authors' proposed equation, which considers the latitude and longitude of the panel installation location. The results obtained were validated using software that generates hourly solar radiation data. The results indicate that an inclination of 30 degrees, calculated using the proposed equation, resulted in a 2% deviation from the optimal theoretical angle.
... Manhãs e/ou tardes muito nubladas e temporadas de muito nevoeiro ou poeira diminuem a incidência da radiação, tendo como consequência uma perda da capacidade de produção de energia. Portanto, notar a melhor posição das placas em relação às estações do ano minimiza essas perdas, já que leva em consideração a melhor posição para o ano todo (Odeh, 2018). ...
O emprego de placas fotovoltaicas para produção de energia elétrica vem sendo abundantemente estudado. No que se refere à instalação das placas, percebe-se que o seu posicionamento normalmente acompanha o caimento natural das coberturas, desconsiderando o ângulo ótimo para aproveitamento dos raios solares. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o melhor ângulo de inclinação de uma placa solar para maior geração de energia elétrica. Foi proposta uma equação para o cálculo do ângulo de inclinação e posterior aplicação em um estudo de caso nos bairros de Santa Cruz, Bangu e Urca, por estarem situados em diferentes regiões da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A metodologia envolve a estimativa das incidências solares na superfície das placas fotovoltaicas a partir dos cálculos realizados pelo aplicativo Radiasol, criado pelo Laboratório de Energia Solar da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. O aplicativo foi utilizado para validar a equação proposta neste trabalho, levando em conta o melhor aproveitamento dos raios solares em função dos efeitos indesejados, tais como sujeira, gotas de água e vento. Os resultados mostraram que, para a cidade do Rio de Janeiro, instalar uma placa com a mesma inclinação média do telhado (17º) é viável do ponto de vista de um melhor aproveitamento da irradiação solar. Porém, quando se avalia os efeitos indesejados, observa-se que uma inclinação de 30º é mais vantajosa e resulta em valores de irradiação com no máximo 2% de perda em relação à inclinação de 17º.
... As the chosen PV systems, shown in Table 1, and PV system in Niš have similar power and PV configurations, it can be concluded that PV system efficiency and PR are lower in countries with a subtropical climate due to the negative impact of higher ambient temperatures and, therefore, higher solar module temperatures. PV systems with other PV technology and higher powers, installed worldwide and shown in [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]32], are not comparable to a given PV system in Niš. Table 1. ...
This study analyzes the grid-connected PV system performances over a 10-year period under temperate continental conditions in Niš. Based on the experimental results, we found the following: the 10-year yearly average values of PV system efficiency, Yf, CF, and PR are 10.49%, 1178.51 kWh/kWp, 13.45%, and 0.87, respectively. The yearly average value of PV performances for a 10-year measurement indicates that the behavior of the given PV system over 10 years does not change significantly. Besides, a mathematical prediction model was obtained through regression analysis, and ANOVA was applied for testing the model’s validity. It is shown that the obtained model is statistically significant and enables prediction better than a simple average, the mean values of PV electricity are not changed statistically significantly over the 10 observed years, and there is a statistically significant difference in POA mean radiation during the months over 10 years. Based on the obtained model and POA radiation values, a prediction of the PV system output can be made for similar PV installations. The analysis presented in this study significantly impacts energy prediction, PV energy modeling, and the economics and profitability of the grid-connected PV system utilization, as well as the PV systems’ operation planning and maintenance.
... Odeh [14] proposed the performance analysis of a small photovoltaic system which is connected to the network is presented, after the analysis of the climatic conditions, the energy produced by the system and the specific production are presented. Vidal [15] proposed the performance evaluation of the PV system in Egypt is presented, after the selection of the panels and the construction of the mathematical model, the generated energy is presented. ...
Abstract: The modeling of a PV system used for the needs of the industrial sector is presented in this paper. Its analysis was done analytically using real one-year measurements during the system monitoring period and software-wise using premium PV*SOL software. System generated energy, MPP voltage, final yield and average generated power are included in the analysis. The highest summer energy produced for real conditions is in July with 2811.86 kWh, the highest MPP voltage also presented in July with a value of 400 V. The final yield with a value of 103.07 kWh/kWp and the highest average power 16.6 kW as well. during the month of July. Where it can be seen that due to the mediterranean atmospheric conditions in the place of application of the PV system, during the summer months the parameters are higher than during the winter months.
... El valor de rendimiento anual para el Caso 2, proyectos con alta penetración solar del área Sur, fue asumido igual a 1600kWh/kWp (1731kWh/kWp, Saad Odeh [9]) el cual es considerado viable para la aplicación local de la generación de potencia solar. ...
... The default value of 0.75 for PR is considered. Furthermore, the quality of the PV system is quantified using the performance index (PI) [38]. After an exposure time of one year, the mean value of PI is typically in the range of 85-86%, which implies the performance of real PV system degrades over the years. ...
This paper demonstrates the application of hybrid energy system (HES) that comprises of photovoltaic (PV) array, battery storage system (BSS) and stand-by diesel generator (DGen) to mitigate the problem of load shedding. The main work involves techno-economic modelling to optimize the size of HES such that the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is minimized. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to determine the optimum size of the components (PV, BSS). Simulations are performed in MATLAB using real dataset of irradiance, temperature and load shedding schedule of the small residential community situated in the city of Quetta, Pakistan. The LCOE for the HES system under study is 8.32 cents/kWh—which is lower than the conventional load shedding solution, namely the uninterruptable power supply (UPS) (13.06 cents/kWh) and diesel and generator system (29.19 cents/kWh). In fact, the LCOE of the HRES is lower than the grid electricity price of Pakistan (9.3 cents/kWh). Besides that, the HES alleviates the grid burden by 47.9% and 13.1% compared to the solution using the UPS and generator, respectively. The outcomes of the study suggests that HES is able to improve reliability and availability of electric power for regions that is affected by the load shedding issue.
