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Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria isolated from infected samples of wild rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) from south of Iran. ( 1 ) E. perforans , ( 2 ) E. magna , ( 3 ) E. media , ( 4 ) E. irresidua , ( 5 ) E. flavescens , and ( 6 ) E. coecicola ( x 1500 except for No 2, x 1000)
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This investigation was accomplished during February to November 2008. A total of 71 wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) of about 5 to 12 months age were collected alive from different parts of Fars province, south of Iran. Faecal sampling was carried out directly from recti and the oocysts were isolated using sedimentation and floatation technique...
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Context 1
... morphological characteristics of sporulated oocysts isolated from a total of 71 collected faecal samples are presented in Table 1. The present study revealed that 22 rabbits (31.0%) including 8 males (36.3% of infected animals) and 14 females (63.7% of infected animals) were infected with Eimeria oocysts. Six species of Eimeria including Eimeria perforans , Eimeria magna , Eimeria media , Eimeria irresidua, Eimeria flavescens , and Eimeria coecicola (Fig. 1) were isolated from the examined rabbits. The prevalence rate of different Eimeria species is showed in Table 2. Eimeria perforans , E. magna and E. media generally showed the higher prevalence rates, respectively, whereas E. irresidua had less prevalence and E. flavescens and E. coecicola showed relatively low percentage of infection. Furthermore, mixed infection with two or three species was the most frequent criteria and occurred in 86% of the infected samples. Eimerial infections have a worldwide distribution and are prevalent in a wide range of animals (Levine, 1988). Coccidiosis in rabbits is highly contagious sporozoal infection that occurs by oral ingestion of oocysts along with infected food and water (Pellardy, 1974; Bhat et al ., 1996). Fifteen specific rabbit-infecting Eimeria species have been demonstrated as yet (Bhat et al ., 1996; Taylor et al ., 2007) that are usually found in different anatomical regions of the intestinal epithelium of rabbit (Ming-Hsien & Hong- Kean, 2009). Concurrent or mixed infections by several Eimeria species often occur in rabbit intestine and is regarded as a usual finding (Levine, 1985). Present study showed a high percentage (86%) of mixed infection that is in accordance with those of the previous studies (Catchpole & Norton, 1979; Levine, 1985). There are very few published data on the prevalence rate of Eimeria infection in wild or domestic rabbits. The present study demonstrated a significantly lower prevalence rate of infection (31%) in south of Iran compared to the results of similar studies in India, France and New Zealand in which a higher prevalence rate ( more than 50%) were reported (Bhat et al ., ...
Similar publications
Only one out of sixteen Geckos, obtained from Sinai was parasitized with an eimerian species. Freshly-collected oocysts were non-sporulated. They were ellipsoid to ovoid, with a smooth, single layered wall. Oocysts measured 24.4 to 33.0µm in length and 17.6 to 23.8µm in width, with an average of 28.7×20.7µm. L/W was 1.5. Micropyle, polar granules o...
Citations
... Several Eimeria spp. have been found to infect wild rabbits [23,24]. In a study conducted in the UK, the authors reported that E. stiedae was the causative agent of the majority of white-spotted liver lesions in wild rabbits [9]. ...
... E. irresidua (11.2%), E. flavescens (4.2%), and E. coecicola (2.8%) were identified [23]. ...
(1) Background: Rabbit hepatic coccidiosis, caused by Eimeria stiedae, is a devastating disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. The disease is well described in rabbits, but little is known about E. stiedae infection in wild rabbits. In this study, we investigated the presence of E. stiedae infection in wild rabbits from the island of Lemnos, Greece, where this species is overpopulated, and the effects of infection on common hepatic biomarkers. (2) Methods: We used liver impression smears to detect the coccidian oocysts, and we defined the liver biochemical profile of the infected individuals. (3) Results: Overall, 13.3% of the liver imprints examined were positive for the presence of coccidial oocysts. The activities of liver enzymes, that is, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glutamyltransferase (GGT), as well as globulins (GLOB), were increased while the concentrations of albumins (ALB), total proteins (TP) and the albumin to globulin (A/G) ratio were decreased in the infected individuals compared to the non-infected ones. (4) Conclusions: This study adds to the current knowledge on the pathogens affecting wild rabbits and those circulating in this population on the island of Lemnos, Greece. Moreover, we showed that E. stiedae infection exerts pathological effects on the hepatocyte integrity and liver function of wild rabbits, as reflected by the abnormal values of liver injury and dysfunction biomarkers.
... Fifteen specific rabbit-infecting Eimeria species have been demonstrated as yet [23;5] that are usually found in different anatomical regions of the intestinal epithelium of rabbit [24]. There are very few published data on the prevalence rate of Eimeria infection in wild or domestic rabbits [25]. Intestinal coccidia of the genus Eimeria were the most common protozoan parasites observed during the study [26]. ...
Rabbits are animals affected by many different species of parasites, infection Lead to lower body weight gain compared with non-infected rabbits , while sever infection Lead to death , although rabbits are less likely to develop epidemic diseases, but they are exposed to diseases of care and malnutrition, as well as parasitic diseases . Turning to previous studies that dealt with the spread of internal parasites in rabbits such as (Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Eimeria sp., Cystecercus pisiformis, Passalurus ambiguous). The current study aimed to defined of intestinal parasite in rabbit. Despite, the few of research on this subject for this study of intestinal parasites that Infection of rabbits and suggestion development of a database of studies of internal parasites affecting rabbits.
... The samples of faeces were selected from rabbit of the Clinical-Diagnostical Center of the Faculty of the Veterinary Medicine of Dnipro Agrarian and Economic University which was naturally-infected with eimeriosis. The analysis of faeces for E. magna oocysts was conducted by the McMaster method, oocysts were identified by morphological characteristics [25,26]. ...
We researched the influence of essential oils from 14 species of plants (Piper cubeba, Cananga odorata, Pelargonium graveolens, Citrus sinensis, Eucalyptus globulus, Lavandula angustifolia, Picea abies, Citrus paradisi, Pterocarpus santalinus, Abies sibirica, Juniperus communis, Melaleuca alternifolia, Syzygium aromaticum and Cinnamomum verum) on the process of sporulation of Eimeria magna Perard, 1925. In the experiment we used 0.5% emulsion of oil during 72 hours, oocysts of E. magna. Essential oil from C. verum exerted the strongest influence on oocysts of E. magna, causing death to 100% of oocysts during 72 hours exposure. About 54% mortality of partially sporulated oocysts was observed during the influence of emulsion of essential oil of S. aromaticum, while no sporulated oocysts were recorded. Many of the tested essential oils can delay the sporulation of E. magna oocysts (P. abies, C. paradisi, P. santalinus, A. sibirica, J. communis, M. аlternifolia). Oils from P. cubeba, C. odorata, P. graveolens, C. sinensis, E. globulus, L. angustifolia had no effect on sporulation of E. magna. Thus, the study of the biological properties of essential oils of C. verum and S. aromaticum is of great interest for further research in the field of parasitology.
... yang menginfeksi pada kelinci. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan pendapat Razavi et al. (2010), infeksi koksidiosis pada kelinci sering terjadi dimana lebih dari satu spesies mampu menginfeksi pada seekor kelinci. ...
... yang menginfeksi pada kelinci adalah Eimeria magna, Eimeria perforans, Eimeria flavescens, Eimeria intestinalis, Eimeria exigua, Eimeria media, Eimeria coecicola, dan Eimeria stiedae (4,17%). Menurut Razavi et al. (2010), adanya perbedaan variasi jenis Eimeria sp. kemungkinan dikarenakan adanya perbedaan agroekologi, iklim dan cuaca, serta kondisi lingkungan pada setiap daerah yang berbeda. ...
... In the present study, the prevalence of coccidiosis infection (28%) was consistent with the previous study in Urmia, Iran (67%) (12). However, the prevalence encountered in this study was similar to which reported in previous studies, conducted on different breed of rabbits in other Iranian cities such as; Dutch rabbits in Karaj (21.8%) (8), wild rabbits in Fars Province, Iran (31%) (20) and in other countries, i.e. German (21.2%) (21). ...
... In our studies, three species of the genus Eimeria were identified, including E. magna (30%), E. steidae (44%) and E. media (12%). The prevalence of 30% for E. magna in NZWRs in this study is higher than that reported for wild rabbits from Fars province, Iran (16.9%) (20). However, it was less than those reported by Yakhchali and Tehrani (12) (34.8%). ...
... However, it was less than those reported by Yakhchali and Tehrani (12) (34.8%). The E. media prevalence of 12% found in the current study was similar to that of other studies such as; 8.3% in NZWRs of Urmia, Iran (12) and 14.1% in wild rabbits of Fars province, Iran (20). In the present study, the most common coccidian parasite of rabbits was E. steidae with a prevalence rate of 44% which was much more than previous studies done by others such as; (22)(26.86%), ...
Background:
Rabbits contain several parasites that can be harmful to their health as well as human being's health due to the probability of causing parasitic zoonosis. The present research was designed to study ectoparasites and endoparasites of New Zealand White rabbits in North West of Iran and potential risks of parasitic zoonosis for researchers and owners.
Methods:
Totally, 50 rabbits were purchased from rabbit sellers and breeders in suburbs of Urmia and Tabriz between Jul and Dec 2016. The rabbits were assessed for ectoparasites by hair brushing, skin scraping, acetate tape preparation and othic swabs. They were euthanized and inspected for helminths and protozoa infection. Faecal sampling was carried out directly from recti and the oocysts or cysts were isolated using sedimentation and floatation techniques and the sporulated oocyst were identified based on morphological.
Results:
The following parasites, with their respective prevalence; Nematoda: Passalurus ambigus 54%, Trichostrongylus retortaeformis 42%, Nematodirus leporis 32%, Cestoda: Cysticercus pisiformis 26%, Protozoa: Eimeria steidae 44%, E. magna 30%, E. media 12% and Arthropoda: Sarcoptes scabiei 18% and Cheyletiella parasitivorax 38%. No significant difference was recorded in infection rate between male and female rabbits.
Conclusion:
Both domestic and wild rabbits are a potential source of human parasitic zoonosis, and strict hygienic practices are recommended during and after handling rabbits or in case of exposure to their feces.
... Comparatively with other studies done within Nigeria, the overall prevalence is higher than the 38.0% reported by Musungong and Fakae [15] in their study done in Nsukka, and the 66.7% reported in Jos by Dogo et al. [16]. In relation to other studies done outside of Nigeria, our finding was higher than the 75.0% reported in Saudi Arabia [2], 72.5% reported in Baghdad [1], 41.0% in China [23] and 31.0% in Iran [24] but lower than the 90.2% reported in Kenya [25] and 90.0% reported in Saudi Arabia [26]. A similar prevalence rate as reported in our study was recorded in China [27]. ...
Coccidiosis remains a serious concern of great economic impact on domestic animals including rabbits.
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, species diversity, and associated risk factors of rabbit coccidiosis
in Ilorin, Kwara State Nigeria. Fecal samples were examined using the floatation technique (positive samples were
sporulated for identification of the different Eimeria species). 169 out of 215 (78.6%,) rabbits were found to be infected
with Eimeria species. A total of seven Eimeria species (Eimeria coecicola, Eimeria irresidua, Eimeria perforans,
Eimeria magna, Eimeria intestinalis, Eimeria stiedai and Eimeria flavescens) were identified. Of these, Eimeria
coecicola was the most prevalent (48/215; 22.3%), while E. flavescens (8/215; 3.7%) was the least prevalent. Weaners
(80.0%) were more infected than bunnies (79.1%) and adult (77.5%). Females had a higher infection rate (79.4%) than
males (77.4%). Californian breed were more infected (84.9%) compared to Chinchila (83.7%), Dutch breed (80.9%),
and New Zealand White (63.6%). Rabbits kept in the deep litter housing system had higher prevalence rate (95.2%)
compared to those raised in the battery cage system (71.9%). Coccidiosis was more prevalent during the wet season than
the dry season. This study concludes that Eimeria infections of rabbit is endemic in Ilorin, Kwara State with breeds and
housing type been significant risk factors associated with the infection. This study provides the baseline information as
the first report on the different Eimeria species affecting rabbits in Nigeria.
... Comparatively with other studies done within Nigeria, the overall prevalence is higher than the 38.0% reported by Musungong and Fakae [15] in their study done in Nsukka, and the 66.7% reported in Jos by Dogo et al. [16]. In relation to other studies done outside of Nigeria, our finding was higher than the 75.0% reported in Saudi Arabia [2], 72.5% reported in Baghdad [1], 41.0% in China [23] and 31.0% in Iran [24] but lower than the 90.2% reported in Kenya [25] and 90.0% reported in Saudi Arabia [26]. A similar prevalence rate as reported in our study was recorded in China [27]. ...
Coccidiosis remains a serious concern of great economic impact on domestic animals including rabbits. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, species diversity, and associated risk factors of rabbit coccidiosis in Ilorin, Kwara State Nigeria. Fecal samples were examined using the floatation technique (positive samples were sporulated for identification of the different Eimeria species). 169 out of 215 (78.6%,) rabbits were found to be infected with Eimeria species. A total of seven Eimeria species (Eimeria coecicola, Eimeria irresidua, Eimeria perforans, Eimeria magna, Eimeria intestinalis, Eimeria stiedai and Eimeria flavescens) were identified. Of these, Eimeria coecicola was the most prevalent (48/215; 22.3%), while E. flavescens (8/215; 3.7%) was the least prevalent. Weaners (80.0%) were more infected than bunnies (79.1%) and adult (77.5%). Females had a higher infection rate (79.4%) than males (77.4%). Californian breed were more infected (84.9%) compared to Chinchila (83.7%), Dutch breed (80.9%), and New Zealand White (63.6%). Rabbits kept in the deep litter housing system had higher prevalence rate (95.2%) compared to those raised in the battery cage system (71.9%). Coccidiosis was more prevalent during the wet season than the dry season. This study concludes that Eimeria infections of rabbit is endemic in Ilorin, Kwara State with breeds and housing type been significant risk factors associated with the infection. This study provides the baseline information as the first report on the different Eimeria species affecting rabbits in Nigeria.
... In the present study, eight species were recognized, of which 7 species was recorded previously (El-Shahawi et al. 2012) and one additional species E. piriformis was recognized and described for the first time in Egypt. Our descriptions of the sporulated oocysts of Eimeria from rabbits in Egypt vary slightly in size and other negligible characteristics from previous descriptions (El-Shahawi et al. 2012;Razavi et al. 2010). From different Eimeria species present in the rabbits of the present study, some species including E. flavescens and E. intestinalis are regarded as highly pathogenic organisms and may have led to hemorrhagic enteritis in rabbits (Li & Ooi 2009). ...
The present study was designed to study the enteric parasites infection in domestic rabbits in Upper Egypt and its impact on their health. A total of 298 faecal samples were collected from different farms in Upper Egypt. Each faecal sample was screened for parasitic isolation during May 2011- October 2012. Furthermore, The Eimeria species from samples containing isolated and sporulated oocysts were morphologically identified under microscope. Additionally, the Sheather’s sugar flotation and Modified Zeihl Neelsen techniques were used to detect the Cryptosporidium species oocyst. According to results of the present study, the overall enteric parasite infections in rabbits was 68.12%, with 5.7% samples were found to be positive for helminths (P. ambiguus) and 49% were found to harbour various species of protozoa (Eimeria spp. and Cryptosporidium oocysts). Influences of age, sex and breed on the prevalence were recorded. Also, there was strong significant seasonal trends in the prevalence of the recovered parasites. Eight species of Eimeria were detected. Concurrent infection with two to eight Eimeria species occurred most frequently. Cryptosporidium oocyst was detected in 45 rabbits (15.1%). To the best of author’s knowledge, this the first report of E. piriformis and Cryptosporidium species in rabbits in Egypt. Histopathological changes were indicative of inflammatory reactions brought about by parasitic infection with Eimeria species and its consequent irritating effects on intestine. The current study showed the characteristics of the prevalence of rabbit enteric parasite infection in Egypt and provided relevant ‘baseline’ data for assessing the effectiveness of future control strategies against these parasites in Egypt.
... Identification of six different species of Eimeria with 31.0% infection in wild rabbits has been reported by Razavi et al. (2010) from Iran. El-Shahawi et al. (2012) identified eight different species of Eimeria and reported high prevalence (70%) of rabbit coccidia in domestic rabbits from Egypt. ...
A detailed study on rabbit coccidiosis in a subtropical hilly region of India regarding prevalence, intensity of infections, species involved and control measures adopted during mortality in a rabbit farm due to coccidiosis, was undertaken for awareness of the rabbit owners of the hilly region. Overall 57.28% rabbits were found positive for coccidial infections. Mortality in rabbit was diagnosed due to coccidiosis. Six species of Eimeria were identified i.e. E. magna, E. exigua, E. piriformis, E. coecicola, E. intestinalis and E. media and thus intestinal coccidiosis were found responsible for such mortality. Treatment with oral administration of amprolium soluble powder 20% w/w @1g/ litre of drinking water for 10 days was found to be effective to control the mortality while individual treatment was found effective to control mortality rather than group treatments. A correlation between occurrences of coccidiosis with meteorological parameters was also established. It has been concluded from this study that pathogenesity of species of Eimeria and effectiveness of medicine are region specific. Only intestinal coccidiosis could able to causes mortality in rabbit without involvement of the hepatic coccidiosis. The rainy season particularly the month of August was very much susceptible for coccidian infection in subtropical hilly region. © 2015, Agricultural Research Communication Centre. All rights reserved.
... Identification of six different species of Eimeria with 31.0% infection in wild rabbits has been reported by Razavi et al. (2010) from Iran. El-Shahawi et al. (2012) identified eight different species of Eimeria and reported high prevalence (70%) of rabbit coccidia in domestic rabbits from Egypt. ...
