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The roots of the cactus Peniocereus greggii, which grows in Northern Mexico and in the south of Arizona, are highly valued by the Pima to treat diabetes and other illnesses, such as breast pain and common cold. As part of our chemical and pharmacological investigation on medicinal plants used for treating diabetes, herein we report the hypoglycemic...
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... absolute configuration was established according to the Flack parameter. 23 The NMR data of peniocerol (2) are included in Table S1 and Figures S10−S15. The 1 H and 13 C chemical shift values agree with the information reported for other cholestane analogues possessing 5α,6α-cholest-8-ene-3β-ol. 24 Compound 6 is a new chemical entity obtained as a white, optically active powder. ...Context 2
... NMR data (Table 1) also showed characteristic signals for a cholestane type of steroid, like 2−5 and calonysterone (7), 25−29 a highly unsaturated natural product from the seeds of Ipomea sp. As calonysterone (7), the structure has an α-diketone grouping at C-5, C-6, and C-7, conjugated with two additional double bonds (Δ 8−9 and Δ 14−15 ). ...Citations
... 28 In addition, (3β)-stigmast-5-en-3-ol was also reported to be able to reduce cholesterol levels. 30 (3β)-stigmast-5-en-3-ol can also increase glucose transport in rat skeletal muscle. 31 (14),9(11)dien-7-one belongs to the class of Cholestane steroids. ...
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease caused by heredity or deficiency in insulin secretion. This disease has occupied the second position as an epidemic in Indonesia. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that nearly 70% of diabetic patients use plants as the main source of antidiabetic agents. One of the plants used by the community for a long time to lower blood sugar is Timonius flavescens (family Rubiaceae). This study aims to determine the content of antidiabetic active compounds in the ethanol extract of T. flavescens leaves by using mass spectrometry gas chromatography (GC-MS). The results of GC-MS showed that there were more than 40 compounds, then 10 of them had the highest value detected as having antidiabetic agent properties. These compounds include (3β)- stigmast-5-en-3-ol, 3β.-(acetyloxy)-15.-hydroxy- 5..-cholesta-8(14),9(11)-dien-7-one, alpha-tocopherol, hexade-canoic acid, nonanoic acid, phytol, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, heptanoic acid, neophytadiene, and campesterol which have been shown to have antidiabetic properties. The results of this study are expected to provide critical information for researchers and the public regarding the use of T. flavescens leaves as medicine.
... 28 In addition, (3β)-stigmast-5-en-3-ol was also reported to be able to reduce cholesterol levels. 30 (3β)-stigmast-5-en-3-ol can also increase glucose transport in rat skeletal muscle. 31 (14),9(11)dien-7-one belongs to the class of Cholestane steroids. ...
Tumbuhan merupakan sumber obat penting sejak awal peradaban manusia.Tumbuhan menghasilkan metabolit sekunder yang memiliki berbagai fungsi farmakologis dan etnomedikal. Salah satu metabolit sekunder tersebut adalah senyawa fenolik yang dilaporkan memiliki berbagai aktivitas biologis. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan jenis-jenis senyawa bioaktif golongan fenolik yang terkandung dalam daun bosibosi (Timonius flavescens (Jacq.) Baker) serta potensi aktivitas biologisnya. Ekstrak daun bosibosi memiliki berbagai kandungan metabolit sekunder seperti terpenoid, saponin, fenolik dan flavonoid. Senyawa fenolik sendiri memiliki keanekaragaman jenis yang tinggi begitu pula dengan keanekaragaman potensi aktivitas biologisnya. Seperti kuersetin yang dapat membantu menstimulasi sekresi insulin oleh sel β pada pankreas. Kata Kunci : Timonius flavescens (Jacq.) Baker, Senyawa Bioaktif, Fenolik, Aktivitas Biologis
Introduction
Contradictory claims about the efficacy of several medicinal plants to promote glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been explained by divergences in the administration form and by extrapolation of data obtained from healthy individuals. It is not known whether the antidiabetic effects of traditional herbal medicines are influenced by gelatin capsules. This randomized crossover trial aimed to evaluate the acute effect of a single dose of raw cinnamon consumed orally either dissolved in water as a beverage or as ordinary hard gelatin capsules on postprandial hyperglycemia (>140 mg/dL; >7.8 mmol/L) in T2DM patients elicited by a nutritionally-balanced meal providing 50 g of complex carbohydrates.
Methods
Fasting T2DM patients (n = 19) randomly ingested a standardized meal in five experimental sessions, one alone (Control) and the other after prior intake of 3 or 6 g of crude cinnamon in the form of hard gelatin capsules or powder dissolved in water. Blood glucose was measured at fasting and at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 and 2 hours postprandially. After each breakfast, its palatability scores for visual appeal, smell and pleasantness of taste were assessed, as well as the taste intensity sweetness, saltiness, bitterness, sourness and creaminess.
Results
The intake of raw cinnamon dissolved in water, independently of the dose, decreased the meal-induced large glucose spike (peak-rise of +87 mg/dL and Δ1-hour glycemia of +79 mg/dL) and the hyperglycemic blood glucose peak. When cinnamon was taken as capsules, these anti-hyperglycemic effects were lost or significantly diminished. Raw cinnamon intake did not change time-to-peak or the 2-h post-meal glycaemia, but flattened the glycemic curve (lower iAUC) without changing the shape that is typical of T2DM patients.
Conclusions
This cinnamon’s antihyperglycemic action confirms its acarbose-like property to inhibit the activities of the carbohydrate-digesting enzymes α-amylases/α-glucosidases, which is in accordance with its exceptionally high content of raw insoluble fiber. The efficacy of using raw cinnamon as a diabetes treatment strategy seems to require its intake at a specific time before/concomitantly the main hyperglycemic daily meals. Trial registration: Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (ReBEC), number RBR-98tx28b.
