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Species accumulation curve and estimated species richness of pentatomoids sampled in tussocks of Andropogon bicornis from April 2010 to March 2011 in Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Tussocks of Andropogon bicornis (Poaceae) make up a significant part of the landscape of the rice-growing region of south Brazil. However, little is known about their role in maintaining insect diversity in anthropized regions. We tested the hypothesis that A. bicornis is a hibernation site for Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) by analyzing th...
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... In this work, we analysed for the first time several crop factors (local and temporal) that influence the abundance and trophic guilds of Pentatomoidea, a group of particular relevance in Neotropical rice paddies since it includes several of the main pests of the crop. Previous studies on this group associated with rice in this region have presented the relative abundance of stink bugs (Pentatomidae) during the rice growing cycle (Pantoja et al., 1995) and the winter abundance of pentatomoids on a host plant species around rice paddies (Klein et al., 2013). The vast majority of studies conducted on the continent have considered stink bug pest species separately and analysed their abundance, spatial distribution and damage caused during the crop cycle (Alves et al., 2016;Awuni et al., 2015;Cherry et al., 1998;Cherry & Nuessly, 2010;Krinski & Foerster, 2017;Santana et al., 2018), have separately recorded the seasonal abundance of stink bug pest species in the rice crop and in host plants around the plots (Botta et al., 2014;Pasini et al., 2018) and have studied the winter abundance, bioecology and local factors influencing stink bug pests in their host plants within rice paddies (dos Silva Santos, 2003;Fuentes-Rodríguez et al., 2019, 2020Santos et al., 2006). ...
Rice is a staple food for more than half of the world's population and provides around 20% of the plant-based calories consumed by humans.
Pentatomoids are important in Neotropical rice paddies because they group several main crop pests.
A better understanding of the relationships between these species and crop traits influencing their abundance is needed to generate pest prediction tools and crop management strategies.
Here, we present information on the abundance and richness of Pentatomoidea concerning relevant crop characteristics: phenology, seasons (temporal), rice cultivars and plot zones (local). This allowed us to measure whether these crop traits influenced the abundance of this group of insects throughout the rice growing cycle in early and late-sown plots. We also included an analysis of trophic guilds and species crop importance to account for potential pests.
We found that three crop traits stood out as the most critical in determining the interactions of phytophagous pentatomoids with rice plants and that early planting helps to reduce insect abundance in paddies. Our results also show that the stem-feeding guild concentrated the highest number of species, of which one is a main pest, and three are potential pests reported in other countries but have yet to be found in Argentina.
Given the importance of the stem-feeding guild in rice paddies, it is necessary to develop monitoring to determine whether any of these potential pest species could replace the main crop pests, especially under climate change scenarios that could provide the right conditions for the emergence of new pests.
... Individuals of O. poecilus hibernate in bamboo (Bambusa tuldoides Munro) (Poaceae) litter (Santos et al. 2003). Tussocks of the Andropogon bicornis L. (Poaceae) were described as a hibernation site for adults of T. limbativentris, and possibly for other 21 pentatomoid species, also found simultaneously in this plant (Klein et al. 2013). The diameter of Andropogon tussocks was positively correlated to abundance of stink bugs. ...
Diapause is a process of decreased metabolic activity in insects. In latitudes with a well-defined cold season, diapause or hibernation is a strategy to survive in periods of resource scarcity. In Pentatomidae, this phenomenon is studied mainly in non-natural environments and with species of economic importance. This work aimed to determine which variables influence the abundance of Brachystethus geniculatus on its hibernation site, Bromelia antiacantha. Samplings were carried out monthly, from July to September of 2019, in a remnant of Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil. The height, diameter, cup height, leaf width, and abundance of bromeliads per plant cluster were evaluated for their correlation with the abundance of B. geniculatus in bromeliads. We collected 24 individuals for analysis of fat bodies, in order to check diapause. We found 70 individuals of B. geniculatus distributed in 33 of the 61 bromeliads examined. The number of B. geniculatus per bromeliad was positively correlated with the cup height, that influences the opening of the leaves and consequently decreases the exposure to environmental weathering, and the number of bromeliads per group, possibly because more leaves and spines around the cup may help avoid predation. Parasitism on B. geniculatus by tachinid flies was recorded in the field.
... Uno de los factores determinantes para el éxito adaptativo de las chinches apestosas es su capacidad de cambiar de planta hospedante (Fuentes-Rodríguez et al., 2019;Engel et al., 2020). Por lo que buscan refugios en microclimas estables para sobrevivir (Klein et al., 2013;Engel et al., 2020). En el caso de E. meditabunda tiene preferencia por las solanáceas (Solanaceae) y leguminosas (Fabaceae) (Silva et al., 1968;Lopes et al., 1974). ...
Objetivo: Registrar por primera vez el parasitoidismo de Anastatus reduvii (Howard, 1880) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), como parasitoide de huevos de los “chinches apestosos Edessa meditabunda (Fabricius, 1794) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) en Panamá. Metodología: Se realizaron observaciones biológicas y ecológicas en tres jardines de tres residencias adyacentes; ubicadas en Las Villas de Arraiján, provincia de Panamá Oeste. Se realizaron monitoreos mensuales en los tres jardines desde mayo de 2020 hasta mayo 2022 en tres plantas de Hibiscus tiliaceus (L.) (Plantae: Malvaceae), sumando un total de 16 posturas de la “chinche apestosa” E. meditabunda. Las oviposiciones del chinche fueron observadas, fotografiadas; luego fueron colectadas y llevadas al laboratorio para esperar que los huevos eclosionaran; posterior a ello, los especímenes fueron preservados en viales con etanol al 70%; seguidamente fueron montados e identificados, mediante literatura especializada. Resultados: Se recolectaron 16 posturas del chinche E. meditabunda encontradas en el envés de las hojas de la planta H. tiliaceus (L.). Cada postura contenía dos hileras de siete huevos cada una en promedio, haciendo un total 14 huevos por postura. Durante el monitoreo de tres años, de los huevos de E. meditabunda se obtuvo un total de cinco oviposturas completamente parasitadas; una en el 2020, dos en el 2021 y dos en el 2022, obteniéndose un total de 70 parasitoides, 68 hembras y 2 machos, todos correspondientes a la especie A. reduvii. Conclusión: Se reporta por primera vez el parasitismo de la avispa A. reduvii (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), sobre huevos de E. meditabunda. La proporción de hembras y machos del parasitoide en este estudio fue de 34:1, en donde los machos son muy raros. Además de la interacción biológica y ecológica presentada entre estos insectos; es importante tomar en cuenta esta especie de parasitoide para futuro y posibles programas de control biológico en la región.
... In this work, we analysed for the first time several crop factors (local and temporal) that influence the abundance and trophic guilds of Pentatomoidea, a group of particular relevance in Neotropical rice paddies since it includes several of the main pests of the crop. Previous studies on this group associated with rice in this region have presented the relative abundance of stink bugs (Pentatomidae) during the rice growing cycle (Pantoja et al., 1995) and the winter abundance of pentatomoids on a host plant species around rice paddies (Klein et al., 2013). The vast majority of studies conducted on the continent have considered stink bug pest species separately and analysed their abundance, spatial distribution and damage caused during the crop cycle (Alves et al., 2016;Awuni et al., 2015;Cherry et al., 1998;Cherry & Nuessly, 2010;Krinski & Foerster, 2017;Santana et al., 2018), have separately recorded the seasonal abundance of stink bug pest species in the rice crop and in host plants around the plots (Botta et al., 2014;Pasini et al., 2018) and have studied the winter abundance, bioecology and local factors influencing stink bug pests in their host plants within rice paddies (dos Silva Santos, 2003;Fuentes-Rodríguez et al., 2019, 2020Santos et al., 2006). ...
... This behavior is mainly caused by the perception of unfavorable conditions such as low air temperatures, shorter photoperiod and lack of food. Hence, stink bugs seek shelters that offer stable microclimate for survival during their quiescent period (Klein et al. 2013;Engel et al. 2020). ...
... (Poales, Poaceae). These plants are native to the Americas and are widely distributed throughout the Neotropical region (Klein et al. 2013). Despite the record of the occurrence of E. meditabunda in these plants at the edges of the cultivationareas (Engel et al. 2020), no study has focused on its spatial distribution in southern Brazil. ...
... The effect of the diameter of the tussock diameter on E. meditabunda is related to the offer of shelter by the plants. In this scenario, larger tussocks can offer more suitable microclimatic conditions, as well as greater protection against bad weather and predators (Klein et al. 2013;Engel et al. 2020). The same behavioral pattern was observed for E. heros, D. furcatus, P. guildinii and Tibraca limbativentris (Stal, 1860), suggesting a general pattern in Pentatomidae family (Pasini et al. 2018;Engel et al. 2021). ...
Edessa meditabunda (F., 1794) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is considered a potential pest for soybean crops in the Neotropical region. During winter (i.e. the soybean off-season), the stink bugs seek alternative host plants such as Saccharum angustifolium (Nees) Trin. and Andropogon bicornis L. at the edge of crop fields for shelter. The objective of this study was to investigate the population density between plants and tussock diameter, spatial distribution and sample size of E. meditabunda on A. bocornis and S. angustifolium at the edge of cultivated areas during soybean off-season. In both plants, the increase of tussock diameter resulted in a higher population density of E. meditabunda. Tussocks of S. angustifolium had a higher average number of stink bugs.plant-1 than A. bicornis. We observed an aggregation trend in both plant species. For practical applicability following Integrated Pest Management, a minimum sample size of 106 and 116 plants for A. bicornis and S. angustifolium respectively was obtained. Evaluation of host plants at the edges of crop fields during soybean off-season plays an important role in management strategies during the next cropping season.
... For the majority of the pentatomid species, poaceous plants are primarily used as associated plants. In southern Brazil, poaceous weeds are commonly used as overwintering sites (shelter) during coldest months (June-August) by several species of pentatomids, including D. furcatus, D. melacanthus, E. heros, E. meditabunda, and P. guildinii (Klein et al. 2013;. ...
Most stink bugs (Pentatomidae) are polyphagous and feed on an array of cultivated and non-cultivated plants. Among the last, weed plants play an important role in their bioecology and pest status, particularly in the Neotropics, in where stink bugs are active during most of the year. In spite of this, the weeds role is, in general, underestimated. In this review article we present and discuss the importance of weed plants present in row crops and pasture lands, affecting stink bugs pests of major commodities in the Neotropics. We surveyed the literature and other sources (unpublished records) on the presence of stink bugs on weed plants. These plants were ranked as hosts (allowing nymph development and/or adult reproduction) or as associated plants (providing some nutrients/water/shelter, but not allowing nymph and/or adult performance). The following stink bug pest species were covered: The green-bellied stink bugs, Diceraeus furcatus (F.) and D. melacanthus Dallas; the Neotropical brown sink bug, Euschistus heros (F.); the brown-winged stink bug, Edessa meditabunda (F.); the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.); the rice stink bugs, Oebalus poecilus (Dallas) and O. ypsilongriseus (De Geer); the red-banded stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood); the rice stalk stink bug, Tibraca limbativentris Stål; and the red-shouldered stink bug, Thyanta perditor (F.). The survey showed plants from 16 different families interacting with the 10 species of pest pentatomids analyzed, with the greater number of species of Fabaceae (16⁺), Poaceae (14⁺), and Asteraceae (7). Data demonstrated that, in the modern landscape scenario of agricultural areas in the Neotropics, highly polyphagous species, such as N. viridula, tend to suffer greater impact, while the oligophagous species, E. heros, D. furcatus, and D. melacanthus, in contrast, tend to be favored. The management of weed plants through the increase use of herbicides, multiple cropping, and the non-tillage cultivation systems seems to be the major factors influencing the interactions of stink bugs and weeds, changing the population dynamics of pest stink bugs in the Neotropics, and, consequently their pest status.
... Bugs infest rice plants within 20 or more days of emergence and begin oviposition ten days later (Ferreira, 1998), with the possibility of reproducing up to three Therefore, it is possible to infer that young babassou plants present microclimatic conditions that favor the survival of the T. limbativentris population. According to Klein et al. (2013), a protected environment is a better shelter since it provides more stable microclimates than the open environments. ...
The babassou plant (Attalea speciosa Mart. Ex. Spreng, Arecaceae) is an important palm tree in the state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil. This plant is the main arboreal component in extensive geographical areas including agricultural areas. However, limited research studies exist on its role as an alternative pest host in this region. This study investigated the occurrence of Tibraca limbativentris Stal (1860) in young babassou palm trees, the effect of abiotic factors (temperature, solar radiation and rainfall) on the number of T. limbativentris adults and postures, and this insect’s spatial arrangement during the rice crop off-season. The research team inspected young babassou plants on a monthly basis in 2012 and 2013 to collect and quantify postures and adults. They collected a total of 1418 live adults, 13 dead and ten postures of T. limbativentris. There was a significant difference between the first and the other collections of live adults carried out in 2012 and 2013. Abiotic factors including rainfall, temperature and solar radiation, had no influence on the number of adults (alive and dead) and postures. The semivariogram adjusted to the Gaussian model showed that in 2013, the spatial distribution of living adults, that had an aggregate pattern, was highly dependent on the season. However, in 2012 there was a pure nugget effect. These results imply that young babassou plants are alternative T. limbativentris hosts.
... Plants of A. bicornis, E. retusa and S. angustifolium are randomly found in different environments with different sizes. They are considered part of the vegetation of the Brazilian southern fields, interfering in the occurrence and distribution of the individuals existing in that environment (Boldrini, 2009;Klein et al., 2013;Pasini et al., 2018;Engel et al., 2018). Among the species that seek shelter in these plants during the winter, there are important predators that help control pests. ...
Lycosa erythrognatha Lucas, 1833 (Araneae: Lycosidae) is a predatory arthropod with potential for conservation biological control. In addition to being considered a bioindicator of environmental quality, this arthropod provides an important service for agriculture by reducing insect-pest populations. In this work we seek to understand how the plants Andropogon bicornis L., Saccharum angustifolium Nees and Eustachys retusa Lag (Poales: Poaceae) and their different clump sizes affect the population density, spatial distribution and determination of the minimum number of samples to estimate its population density during the winter. Among the evaluated host plants, S. angustifolium and A. bicornis presented higher population density than E. retusa, but we observed that the clump diameter significantly influences the population density and the minimum number of samples. We observed a gregarious behavior in plants of A. bicornis and E. retusa. For S. angustifolium, a uniform distribution was observed.
... The plants belonging to the Poales phylogenetic clade are among the principal refuges for the stink bugs in the offseason in southern Brazil (Fuentes-Rodríguez et al 2019). Some of the main species of this clade associated with stink bugs are Andropogon bicornis L., Eustachys retusa, and Saccharum angustifolium (Klein et al 2013, Engel et al 2018. These plants form clumps in the vicinity of crops, so stink bugs are sheltered inside them in search of microclimate conditions that provide their survival during the off-season of the crops (Panizzi 1997, Klein et al 2013. ...
... Some of the main species of this clade associated with stink bugs are Andropogon bicornis L., Eustachys retusa, and Saccharum angustifolium (Klein et al 2013, Engel et al 2018. These plants form clumps in the vicinity of crops, so stink bugs are sheltered inside them in search of microclimate conditions that provide their survival during the off-season of the crops (Panizzi 1997, Klein et al 2013. ...
... The searching pattern for economically important stink bugs by alternative plants during the off-season in the Neotropical region has been widely corroborated (Smaniotto & Panizzi 2015;Pasini et al 2018, Engel et al 2019. Nevertheless, few studies are dedicated to determining which variables influence their abundance within this period (Santos et al 2006, Klein et al 2013, Fuentes-Rodríguez et al 2020. ...
Stink bugs (Pentatomidae) are among the main entomological problems in the international farming. Their ability in using alternative plants (refuges) during the off-season is one of the reasons that led them to the status of key pests in several crops. Like other insect species, stink bugs are subject to atmospheric variations. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the abundance, the co-occurrence, and its variations according to the weather in the off-season. The work was conducted between 2014 and 2018, in the municipality of Cruz Alta, state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. Every year, refuges formed by Poaceae and located around the cropped area were evaluated in the second fortnight of June, corresponding to the beginning of the winter solstice. Atmospheric variables corresponding to the evaluation period were used to explain the variation in the populations. In short, our results demonstrated interannual variations in the population abundance of stink bugs in the evaluated refuges. We also found variations in the co-occurrence between species. Finally, we demonstrate the trend in the increase in these refuges in years with cold and dry off-seasons.
... In addition to crop damage, another factor that determines the adaptive success of these insects is their ability to survive on associated plants during the off-season crop, either to their feeding and completion of their cycle or to hibernate (Panizzi 1997, Klein et al. 2013, Smaniotto & Panizzi 2015. Several stink bug species have associated plants of the Poaceae family dependence during the offseason (Panizzi 1997, Klein et al. 2013, Engel et al. 2018. ...
... In addition to crop damage, another factor that determines the adaptive success of these insects is their ability to survive on associated plants during the off-season crop, either to their feeding and completion of their cycle or to hibernate (Panizzi 1997, Klein et al. 2013, Smaniotto & Panizzi 2015. Several stink bug species have associated plants of the Poaceae family dependence during the offseason (Panizzi 1997, Klein et al. 2013, Engel et al. 2018. Thus, the knowledge about the plants associated with these insects during the off-season crop becomes of extreme importance for integrated pest management. ...
... Medeiros & Megier (2009) found associated plants (Solanaceae) for E. heros, which served as a food source during the off-season. Klein et al. (2013) identified Andropogon bicornis L. ...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity and abundance of stink bugs in Chloris distichophylla Lag (Poales: Poaceae) during the soybean and corn off-season. The work was carried out in the municipality of Cruz Alta, Rio Grande do Sul state, over the soybean and corn off-season between 2014 and 2018. 3543 adults were identified into six species: Euschistus heros (Fabricius, 1798), Dichelops furcatus (Fabricius, 1775), Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas, 1851), Edessa meditabunda (Fabricus, 1794), Edessa ruformaginata (De Geer, 1773) and Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood, 1837) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). E. heros was the most abundant, followed by D. furcatus. The diameter of the clumps directly affects the population density of the stink bugs. Finally, C. distichophylla is shown as favorable to the maintenance of the stink bug populations over the soybean and corn off-season.
