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Adults often report the impression that time seems to pass more and more quickly as they get older. The purpose of this study is to identify how individual characteristics relate to this impression of acceleration. To do so, 894 participants aged 15 to 97 completed a questionnaire that surveyed sociodemographic characteristics, impulsivity, anxiety...
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The clothing that coworkers and others wear in the workplace affects our evaluations of them, including what personality traits we ascribe to them. In this study, we sought to determine whether observers’ subjective impressions of a subject’s sincerity and nervousness vary depending on the subject’s clothing, and the extent to which observers look...
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... periment group and analyzed correlations between relative changes in time perception and user experience with the RSTC. This approach not only addresses the challenge of linking physical time accuracy with user experience but also mitigates the effects of factors such as age and gender [61,21], strengthening the persuasiveness of our findings. Before the formal experiment, we conducted a full-factorial pilot study with 12 participants. ...
Virtual Reality (VR) creates a highly realistic and controllable simulation environment that can manipulate users' sense of space and time. While the sensation of "losing track of time" is often associated with enjoyable experiences, the link between time perception and user experience in VR and its underlying mechanisms remains largely unexplored. This study investigates how different zeitgebers-light color, music tempo, and task factor-influence time perception. We introduced the Relative Subjective Time Change (RSTC) method to explore the relationship between time perception and user experience. Additionally, we applied a data-driven approach called the Time Perception Modeling Network (TPM-Net), which integrates Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Transformer architectures to model time perception based on multimodal physiological and zeitgebers data. With 56 participants in a between-subject experiment, our results show that task factors significantly influence time perception, with red light and slow-tempo music further contributing to time underestimation. The RSTC method reveals that underestimating time in VR is strongly associated with improved user experience, presence, and engagement. Furthermore, TPM-Net shows potential for modeling time perception in VR, enabling inference of relative changes in users' time perception and corresponding changes in user experience. This study provides insights into the relationship between time perception and user experience in VR, with applications in VR-based therapy and specialized training.
... La idea teórica de base es que la edad de los sujetos perceptores es una variable interviniente central en el proceso de categorización identificatoria de las personas; y en este sentido, se podría afirmar que la representación subjetiva que los sujetos perceptores tienen del tiempo juega un papel esencial, pues, en efecto, la perspectiva temporal del pasado, presente y futuro varía según la edad: los niños tienen una perspectiva temporal centrada en el presente y en un pasado y futuros cercanos (Baikeli et al, 2021;Gagnon-Harvey et al., 2021;Laureiro-Martínez et al., 2017). Es por esto que la percepción que tienen los niños de la edad de los adultos y mayores es abstracta y ajena a su propia experiencia. ...
... Por otra parte, retomando lo dicho en la introducción (Baikeli et al., 2021;Gagnon-Harvey et al., 2021;Laureiro-Martinez et al., 2017), los niños y niñas están -y así se sienten-generacionalmente más próximos de los adolescentes y jóvenes que de las restantes edades, sobre todo de los mayores, de los que tienen una referencia estereotipada y ambigua. Esto da cuenta de que la temporalidad infantil es de tiempo corto y muy ligada a sus referentes sociales próximos, intrafamiliares, en etapas tempranas, y más ampliadas en la adolescencia, aunque siempre con referencias cronológicamente próximas. ...
La percepción de las personas por medio de categorías identificatorias descriptivas (como el sexo, la edad, y la apariencia física, psicológica y social) es un proceso psicológico básico que permite ordenar la realidad y regular el comportamiento social. Para la psicología del desarrollo resulta de gran interés estudiar la evolución de este proceso a lo largo de las distintas edades de la vida, y es por esto que en la presente investigación se estudia dicha percepción en el caso de los niños y niñas, en el marco de otros estudios realizados con jóvenes, adultos y adultos-mayores. Para ello, se contó con la participación de 60 niños de 10-12 años de edad, que realizaron individualmente cuatro tareas: (a) describir libremente el contenido de cuatro fotos de personas (una niña, un señor adulto, un muchacho joven y una señora adulta mayor); (b) dividir un set de ocho fotos de personas adultas y adultas mayores (varones y mujeres, serias y sonrientes, con vestimenta formal e informal, con y sin accesorios) en dos grupos a partir de un criterio clasificatorio; (c) dividir una serie etaria continua de siete fotos (niña-anciano) en dos y tres grupos; y (d) calcular los años de edad de cinco de las siete fotos anteriores (joven, adulto, adulto joven, adulto mayor, adolescente). Los resultados muestran que las categorías objetivas, como edad, sexo, vestimenta y rasgos físicos, son las más recurrentes, en comparación con las categorías subjetivas o inferenciales. Esto se explica tanto por razones evolutivas, como sociales. Los resultados se comparan con los hallazgos de estudios con muestras de otros grupos etarios.
... Az idő múlását az objektív időhöz képest gyorsabbnak és lassabbnak is lehet érzékelni, amelyet a megfigyelő életkora és az idősödés folyamata is befolyásolhat (Draaisma, 2004;Gruber et al., 2004;Landau et al., 2018;Lee & Janssen, 2019;Lemlich, 1975;Winkler et al., 2017). Az életkor előrehaladtával gyakran gyorsabban múlónak érzékeljük az időt, egyrész a felnőtt lét repetitív jellege miatt, másrészt annak köszönhetően, hogy a gyermekkorhoz képest kevesebb újszerű esemény történik felnőttkorban (Gagnon-Harvey, McArthur, Tétreault, Fortin-Guichard, & Grondin, 2021;Lee & Janssen, 2019). Az időérzékelés a mindennapi életben tapasztalt időbeli nyomás szintjétől is függhet (Gagnon-Harvey et al., 2021). ...
... Az életkor előrehaladtával gyakran gyorsabban múlónak érzékeljük az időt, egyrész a felnőtt lét repetitív jellege miatt, másrészt annak köszönhetően, hogy a gyermekkorhoz képest kevesebb újszerű esemény történik felnőttkorban (Gagnon-Harvey, McArthur, Tétreault, Fortin-Guichard, & Grondin, 2021;Lee & Janssen, 2019). Az időérzékelés a mindennapi életben tapasztalt időbeli nyomás szintjétől is függhet (Gagnon-Harvey et al., 2021). Továbbá, helyzeti tényezők (pl. ...
Jelen tanulmány a szubjektív időélmény és az esztétikai élmény közötti összefüggést vizsgálja, a testérzeteket is fókuszba helyezve. A vizsgálatban 17 és 27 év közötti szerb hallgatók (N = 122) vettek részt, akik hat különböző tánckoreográfia (kortárs tánc és hiphop) megtekintése után értékelték saját időérzékelésüket, esztétikai élményüket és testérzeteiket. Az eredmények arra mutatnak rá, hogy a nézők szubjektív becslése az egyes koreográfiák időtartamára vonatkozóan nem különbözik jelentősen a koreográfiák objektív időtartamától. Ezzel szemben az idő múlására vonatkozó eredmények azt mutatják, hogy a résztvevők sokkal gyorsabbnak érzékelték az idő múlását, amikor hiphop koreográfiákat néztek. A hiphop koreográfiák esetében a dinamizmus és a fókusz dimenziói jelezték előre pozitívan a szubjektív időélményt. A korábbi vizsgálatokkal összhangban ezek az eredmények azt sugallják, hogy a fokozott összpontosítás az esztétikai tárgyra, valamint az elmélyülés a tevékenységben képes csökkenteni az idő múlásának tudatosságát, amelytől úgy érezhetjük, hogy az idő gyorsabban telik.
... Concerning time perception (i.e., subjective time) in terms of passage, the internal experience of the passage of time can be such that time passes faster or slower compared to objective time depending on the age of the observer and the aging process (Draaisma, 2004;Gruber et al., 2004;Landau et al., 2018;Lee & Janssen, 2019;Lemlich, 1975;Winkler et al., 2017). Adults often perceive time passing more quickly as they age due to the repetitive nature of their lives and decreased exposure to novel events compared to childhood (Gagnon-Harvey, McArthur, Tétreault, Fortin-Guichard, & Grondin, 2021;Lee & Janssen, 2019). This perception may also be influenced by the level of temporal pressure experienced in daily life (Gagnon-Harvey et al., 2021). ...
... Adults often perceive time passing more quickly as they age due to the repetitive nature of their lives and decreased exposure to novel events compared to childhood (Gagnon-Harvey, McArthur, Tétreault, Fortin-Guichard, & Grondin, 2021;Lee & Janssen, 2019). This perception may also be influenced by the level of temporal pressure experienced in daily life (Gagnon-Harvey et al., 2021). Additionally, situational factors (Lee & Janssen, 2019), like watching a dance performance, can alter the subjective experience of time passing. ...
This study investigates the relationship between the subjective time experience and aesthetic experience , including bodily sensations , as observers view recordings of dance choreographies of contemporary and hip-hop dance. After watching each of the six different video-recorded dance choreographies, the participants (Serbian students N=122, aged between 17 and 27) rated their perception of time (i.e., duration, passage), their aesthetic experience, and bodily sensations. In regard to the duration aspect of time perception, the results indicated that the observers’ estimations of the duration of each choreography do not differ significantly from the objective duration of the observed choreography. In contrast, the results for the passage of time show that the participants perceived time as passing much faster when watching hip-hop choreographies . Specifically for hip-hop choreographies , Dynamism and Focus positively predict subjective time experience. In line with previous studies, these findings suggest that heightened focus on an aesthetic object, as well as immersion in an activity, tends to diminish awareness of the passage of time, leading to the sensation of time passing more quickly.
... Although similar challenges might be reported by non-mature students, the complex nature of these challenges together with a perception of time compressing as one ages (Gagnon-Harvey et al., 2021) constitutes the demarcation between how temporal perceptions may affect mature students differently from traditional students (e.g. ...
Motivated by goals ranging from self-actualisation to career development, mature students (i.e. aged 21 or older) are confronted with an array of varying pressures and challenges during their return to university, many of which stem from time and the perception of its waning abundance. Whereas young undergraduate students may be more accustomed to pre-set schedules as they have freshly transitioned from school to university, mature students returning to university in the online environment are accompanied by additional of demands on their time, including work and family. As maturity and adult responsibilities are found to magnify temporal pressures, mature students' experience of time in education may be distinctly different from that of the younger students. With a dearth of research addressing the experience of time and temporal attitudes in mature students, understanding the challenges encountered by these students may contribute positively to finding new modes of time management. several directions for further research are discussed and implications of how mature students returning to university are affected by their use of time are outlined.
We investigate why individuals commonly perceive time as passing quickly when reflecting on past periods of their lives. A traditional cognitive account proposes that routine experienced during a period decreases the number of memorable events, making that period appear short in retrospect. A motivational account derived from self-determination theory proposes that a period remembered as lacking self-determined growth feels unsatisfying or wasted, and thus seems to pass quickly. Two exploratory studies ( N = 999) did not consistently support these accounts, although in Study 2 remembered routine predicted faster perceived pace, as hypothesized. Contrary to our motivational account, remembered growth positively, rather than negatively, predicted pace. Interpreting this unexpected finding, we conducted two pre-registered studies ( N = 965) exploring how satisfaction with, and nostalgic longing for, periods of growth contribute to the perception of time passing quickly. Our findings have implications for encouraging productive responses to the subjective pace of life.
The aim of this article is to clarify and describe the relationships between levels of personality functioning, pathological personality traits from the borderline and narcissistic functioning, and time perspective (TP). The study was conducted online, and 210 participants completed eight questionnaires: Inventory of Personality Organization, Boredom Proneness Scale, Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale, Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire, Depressive Experience Questionnaire, and Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. The results reveal that the pathological personality functioning was consistently associated with a deviation on each dimension of TP and the Deviation from the Balanced Time Perspective (DBTP) while the higher functioning personality indicator was associated with a balanced time perspective. When accounting for all traits in the regression, pathological personality traits predicted variance of Past-Negative, Present-Hedonistic, Present-Fatalistic, and the DBTP. Borderline and narcissistic traits were associated with the DBTP but demonstrated different time perspective profiles. Borderline traits showed an overall negative TP with a tendency to seek quick and intense pleasure in the present with no regards toward the future. These results show that there can be TP profile differences between borderline personalities, depending on their specific trait profile. Impulsivity plays an important role in how borderline personalities cope with their negative temporalities. Vulnerable narcissism is characterized by a negative past with the ability to recruit the future, while grandiose narcissism denotes an overall more balanced time perspective than their vulnerable counterpart.
This article presents a translation into English of most of a publication by the French philosopher Paul Janet, which appeared in 1877 (Janet, P.,1877. Une illusion d’optique interne. Revue Philosophique de la France et de l’Étranger, 3 , 497–502). Here, it is proposed that the rate of passage of subjective time is proportional to the age of the person making the judgement. Janet further proposes that this proportionality will be most marked when judging time intervals remote from the present, such as past years or decades. He also suggests that the ‘acceleration’ of apparent passage of time with age can appear to reverse when old people consider the length of time that they believe to be left in their lives. A short commentary discusses how results from modern research on apparent passage of time and age can be linked to Janet’s proposal.
