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Figure 2 - An immediate–late gene expression module decodes ERK signal duration

Figure 2.
Simulation of primary response gene dynamics upon different signalling durations
Different activation patterns of signalling molecules (input functions, left) can elicit multiple different response profiles (right) with different response times (r) depending on mRNA half‐lives (t1/2) and transcriptional delays (∆t). Rapid induction requires short half‐lives (red lines). Late induction can be caused by transcriptional delays (blue lines), long half‐lives (yellow lines) or combinations thereof. Decoding of signal duration depends on mRNA half‐life. Short‐lived mRNAs relay signal duration to response duration, whereas long‐lived mRNAs decode signal duration to response amplitude (yellow lines).

Response amplitude for all simulated combinations of mRNA half‐life and transcriptional delay. Response amplitude is shown over time (columns) and in respect to input function (rows). For sustained signalling, all primary response genes exceed their half maximum response amplitude. Pulse and transient signalling inputs are only sufficient for immediate–early genes and short‐lived delayed–early genes. Long‐lived mRNAs with half‐lives greater 120 min require sustained signalling inputs to exceed their half maximum response amplitude. Example parameter sets displayed in (A) are marked with asterisks in (B). Dashed lines indicate cluster borders. IEG: immediate–early genes, t1/2 ≤ 120 min and ∆t ≤ 30 min. ILG: immediate–late genes, t1/2 > 120 min and ∆t ≤ 30 min. DEG: delayed–early genes, ∆t > 30 min.
Simulation of primary response gene dynamics upon different signalling durations Different activation patterns of signalling molecules (input functions, left) can elicit multiple different response profiles (right) with different response times (r) depending on mRNA half‐lives (t1/2) and transcriptional delays (∆t). Rapid induction requires short half‐lives (red lines). Late induction can be caused by transcriptional delays (blue lines), long half‐lives (yellow lines) or combinations thereof. Decoding of signal duration depends on mRNA half‐life. Short‐lived mRNAs relay signal duration to response duration, whereas long‐lived mRNAs decode signal duration to response amplitude (yellow lines). Response amplitude for all simulated combinations of mRNA half‐life and transcriptional delay. Response amplitude is shown over time (columns) and in respect to input function (rows). For sustained signalling, all primary response genes exceed their half maximum response amplitude. Pulse and transient signalling inputs are only sufficient for immediate–early genes and short‐lived delayed–early genes. Long‐lived mRNAs with half‐lives greater 120 min require sustained signalling inputs to exceed their half maximum response amplitude. Example parameter sets displayed in (A) are marked with asterisks in (B). Dashed lines indicate cluster borders. IEG: immediate–early genes, t1/2 ≤ 120 min and ∆t ≤ 30 min. ILG: immediate–late genes, t1/2 > 120 min and ∆t ≤ 30 min. DEG: delayed–early genes, ∆t > 30 min.
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