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The lithospheric structure of China and its adjacent area is very complex and is marked by several prominent characteristics. Firstly, China’s continental crust is thick in the west but thins to the east, and thick in the south but thins to the north. Secondly, the continental crust of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau has an average thickness of 60–65 km...
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... Melting of the enriched asthenospheric mantle (~2.5 GPa) facilitated by hydrous upwelling over the stagnant Pacific slab has been proposed by many researchers in the field based on the geochemical characteristics of the basaltic magma (Kuritani et al., 2011(Kuritani et al., , 2013(Kuritani et al., , 2017(Kuritani et al., , 2019Sakuyama et al., 2014bSakuyama et al., , 2014aSun et al., 2014;Chen et al., 2017;Wang et al., 2017;Choi et al., 2020). The estimated melting pressures for the Kita-Matsuura and Higashi-Matsuura basalts indicate that they were generated from the bottom of the lithosphere to the top of the asthenospheric mantle, considering that the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary is located at a depth of 60-65 km (~1.8 GPa) beneath northern Kyushu (Li, 2010). A 3D P-wave velocity model by Huang et al. (2013) shows a low velocity zone below western Kyushu at a depth of 60 -200 km. ...
The origin of alkali basalts with distinctive time-integrated low U/Pb (low µ, LOMU) from East Asia is controversial due to the complex geochemical and tectonic signatures reported from this region. We report new data on the petrology and geochemistry of the Higashi-Matsuura and Kita-Matsuura alkali basalts from southwest Japan, which confirms the presence of LOMU-type mantle components below the Japanese islands, similar to East Asian intraplate volcanoes. We use whole rock geochemistry and mineral chemistry to determine mantle melting, magma evolution conditions, and isotopic evolution of the LOMU mantle source. Petrological studies show that the Higashi-Matsuura alkali basalts (~3 Ma) were derived from a hydrous mantle source with ~950 µg/g H2O, at a pressure of 1.9 to 2.3 GPa and a mantle potential temperature of ~1300 C. Trace element modelling concludes that these basalts may have been generated through the hydrous upwelling and partial melting of the asthenospheric mantle containing ~15% dehydrated eclogitic component. These alkali basalts show 206Pb/204Pb values of 17.72 to 18.04 which are among the lowest values from southwest Japan. Relatively older (6–8 Ma) and shallower alkali basalts from the Kita-Matsuura area showing similar physicochemical characteristics, do not show LOMU-type isotopic trends. Trace element and Pb-Sr-Nd isotopic data indicate that the Higashi-Matsuura mantle component is similar to the extreme LOMU components reported from the northeast China alkali basalts, as well as the recently discovered Petit Spot volcanoes on the Pacific plate. We model the origin of the LOMU signature from the lowest reported Pb isotope ratios in East Asia, from the Xiaogulihe volcano in northeastern China. Our model suggests that at least two separate subduction events of marine sediments, at 1.8 Ga and 2.2 Ga, are required to explain the observed Pb isotopic variation in the East Asian region. Other LOMU type basalts from East Asia, including southwest Japan and Petit Spot, define a linear trend between the Xiaogulihe basalts and lithospheric mantle xenoliths. This suggests that the LOMU array in East Asia may have been formed by mixing between multiple ancient, subducted sediment components accumulated at the mantle transition zone for about 2 billion years, and its recent upwelling due to dehydration of the stagnant Pacific slab and related melting of the metasomatised asthenospheric mantle.
... Their geomorphology-based studies suggested that these rivers bend across the faults and fault-bounded basins. Li (2010) suggests the average continental crust and lithospheric thickness from central to eastern China are 47.6 km and 165 km, respectively. Based on observed topography and Bouguer gravity anomaly data from Jordan and Watt (2005), the SETP validates a low elastic thickness of lithosphere region (Te ≤ 25 km), as assigned in our model (A). ...
Tectonic processes of the SE Tibet Plateau (SETP) and the northern South China Sea margin (NSCSM) strongly affected the surface drainage system for sediment transportation to deposition. It remains challenging to investigate the dominant mechanisms such as tectonics, deep dynamics, and surface processes. This paper aims to examine the influence of the SETP paleogeography on the NSCSM. Twenty-eight seismic profiles were quantified by flexurally interpolated backstripping and significantly correlated with the published paleogeography. A numerical simulation tool (Badlands) is assigned to study the integrated response of surface processes and deep dynamics. This paper inferred that drastic sedimentation changes in our models were linearly correlated mainly with erosion during the SETP uplifts, dynamic topography, and flexural isostasy. Deep dynamics and tectonic processes control basin architectures for sediment depositions, whereas the surface processes contribute isostatically in response to uplifts in the source region. We inferred that Eocene was the stage of extension, thinning of lithosphere (Te = 10 km) that is linked with the low topography (<2000 m) and erodibility (Є) of 5e-7 in the SETP. However, the increase in cumulative thickness is associated with strengthening the lithosphere (Te = 15 km) and tributary rotation with its rise in SETP topography (≥4000 m) during the Oligocene to Early Miocene. The Middle Miocene doesn't have the source-sink linkage for its high SETP topography with low deposition. But a strong connection with paleogeographic evolution in the later stage due to the rise in SETP topography and Taiwan orogeny.
... Нсdepth of section of section of the µ z (x, y, Hc)-model. сокращена до 25-30 км (Li, 2010;Zhou et al., 2012), а интенсивность теплового потока составляет, в среднем, более 70 мВт/м 2 (Лысак, 2009;Tao, Shen, 2008). Скорость сейсмических волн под Катазиатским блоком всреднем слое земной коры понижена до 5.8-6.2 ...
... Скорость сейсмических волн под Катазиатским блоком всреднем слое земной коры понижена до 5.8-6.2 км/с (Li, 2010;Zhang, Wang, 2007), а в подкоровой мантиидо 8.05 км/с (Zhou et al., 2012) что свидетельствует о значительной переработке этого блока глубинными флюидно-магматическими процессами. По данным сейсмической томографии верхняя мантия Катазиатского блока тоже разуплотнена, что соответствует резкому понижению скорости поперечных сейсмических волн до 4.3 км/с в интервале глубин 70-130 км (Zhou et al., 2012) и приближению астеносферы до глубины 60-70 км (Wang, 2007;Zhang, 2000;Zhu et al., 2006). ...
... В период 160-195 млн лет назад здесь проявились субдукционные процессы. По мнению большинства исследователей, последующие мезозойские и кайнозойские рифтогенные процессы на территории Юго-Восточного К итая (Катазиатский блок и прилегающие фланги плиты Янцзы) протекали длительное время в интервале 175-80 млн лет (Li, 2010). ...
Results of the correlation analysis of heat f low anomalies (Q) with distributions of density contrast ( -parameter) in rifting and plume structures on eastern margin of Asia are considered, which prove selective inverse correlation of these parameters in depth intervals corresponding to the position of the subcrustal viscous layer and asthenosphere. Rifting structures are characterized by ruptures in rigid layers displayed by maxima of the -параметра, while plume-type central structures are characterized by concentrically zonal distribution of density contrast. The main contribution to the thermal anomalies in rifts is made by the subcrustal viscous layer. Thermal flow from the asthenosphere at the Ceinozoic boundaries of lithospheric plates is screened by subducting slabs. The identical correlation of Q and -parameter in distant regions testifies to the same deep structure and universality of tectonic regimes on the eastern margin of Asia, where subduction, rifting and plume processes are coupled in space and time.
... The calculated crustal thicknesses by Xu et al. (2019) are up to 200 km, which are far from the "reasonable" range of crustal thickness estimated by geophysics (65-85 km). However, the crustal thickness calculated by the equation of Profeta et al. (2015) using La/Yb ratios ranges from 77 to 84 km (Xu et al. 2019), which is consistent with previously estimated depths of the crust-mantle boundary in southern Tibet (Nabělek et al. 2009;Li 2010). This suggests the La/Yb ratio is a better parameter than Sr/Y ratios for crust thickness estimation, at least in Southern Tibet, possibly because Sr content may be mobile during hydrothermal alteration (Xu et al. 2019). ...
Porphyry Cu deposits (PCDs) are major global exploration targets for Cu, Mo, and Au, and mainly formed in accretionary orogens. This study integrates the whole-rock geochemical and Nd isotopic mapping based on ca. 5000 intermediate to felsic magmatic rocks to characterize the crustal structure and metallogeny of PCDs in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), the world’s largest Phanerozoic accretionary orogen. The Nd isotopic maps image clearly the extent of cratons, microcontinents, and juvenile crustal blocks, with the PCDs intimately associated with juvenile crust that is consistent with the conclusions drawn by study in other orogens such as Himalayan–Tibetan. More importantly, PCDs are mainly distributed in the juvenile crust’s margin adjacent to cratons or microcontinents, indicating that the external magmatic arcs are favorable sites for PCDs. The ore-forming intrusions of Cu-Au deposits are isotopically more depleted than those of Cu-Mo deposits, implying more input of mantle or juvenile crust materials into magmatic sources of Cu-Au deposits. Crustal thickness proxy mapping shows that Cu-Au deposits formed in thinner crust than Cu-Mo deposits, which could be used to target favorable sites for mineral exploration. The crustal thickness proxy and εNd(t) define a negative linear relationship, which quantifies the contributions of juvenile materials to PCDs in response to the changing crustal thickness, from which a newly proposed crustal maturity index was derived to distinguish the Cu-Au and Cu-Mo PCDs. The structure of the crust plays an important role in localizing PCDs; therefore, the integrated mapping of Nd isotopes and crustal thickness proxy could provide mappable exploration targets of PCDs at the orogen scale.
... В связи со значительным разуплотнением коры и подкоровой мантии мощность земной коры определяется неоднозначно. По одним данным [21,39] она изменяется от 32 км на границе континента до 25 км в троге Окинава, а по другим [17] -от 28 до 18 км, соответственно. Еще больше различаются оценки мощности литосферы [36,39]. ...
... Рис. 1. Тектоническая схема (а) [39] и мощности: осадочных отложений (б) [39], земной коры (в) [17] и литосферы (г) [36] с разрезом через трог Окинава (д) [23] 1-3 -изопахиты мощности (км) осадочных отложений (1), земной коры (2) и литосферы (3); 4 -границы тектонических структур; 5 -граница Мохо; 6 -западная граница Филиппинской плиты. ...
Gravity and seismic-tomography models of the tectonosphere detailing and specifying the structure of the crust and upper mantle of the East China Sea are considered. Crust of this region has considerably lower density extending into the subcrustal layer to a depth of 40–45 km. A transform-fault-related wide pull-apart zone of NW strike is identified on the western edge of the Pacific plate. In east regions of the East China Sea the lower layer of the Philippine oceanic lithosphere is underthrust beneath the Ryukyu arc and further ‒ beneath the viscous subcrustal layer of the continental shelf. In the western regions, the oceanic lithosphere is thrusted over the continental margin crust. Evidence of the central type structure of presumably plume origin is found in the layer below the asthenosphere on the western edge of the Philippine plate (a middle fragment of the Ryukyu arc).
... По одним данным (Huang, Zhao, 2006) они, казалось бы, определенно характеризуют субдукционные формы сочленения тихоокеанских, островодужных и окраинно-континентальных структур по субширотным пересечениям. А по другим источникам (Li et al., 2010;Zhu et al., 2006) до глубины 400 км признаки субдукции полностью отсутствуют. ...
... 2) в том, что магматические расплавы с адакитовыми свойствами, широко распространенные во внутренней части Охотского моря, образуются не только во фронте субдуцирующих океанических слэбов, как полагает большинство исследователей (что соответствовало бы линейным формам глубинных плотностных неоднородностей), а характеризуют вещественный состав астеноферной линзы, размеры и форма которой типичны для плюмов. Связь вулканических пород с мантийным источником подтверждается cейсмотомографическими моделями (Li, 2010), которые регистрируют изомеричные минимумы скорости сейсмических волн в мантии Охотского моря в интервале глубин 100-200 км. В сейсмической томографии такие аномалии связывают с полями «горячей мантии». ...
... На существование структуры центра льного типа в верхней мантии Японского моря указывают изометричные минимумы скорости сейсмических волн (Li, 2010) в интервале глубин 100-200 км, которые совпадают с минимумами плотностной контрастности (рис. 3). ...
Based on the comparison of petrochemical characteristics of volcanics with spatial distributions of rheological heterogeneities in the East Asian tectonosphere, new data on the mechanisms and sequence of subduction, rifting, and plume-type central structures were obtained. Throughout the East Asia transition zone to the Pacific Ocean, subduction began at the initial stage of convergence of lithospheric plates, from 195 Ma in Southeast China to 60 Ma in the Sea of Japan. Subsequent rifting and plume processes have strongly influenced subduction structures. Rifting processes manifested themselves over a wide time range, from 138 Ma to 3 Ma. They can be subdivided into pre-plume and post-plume. Central plume-type structures, accompanied by adakitic volcanism, formed at convergent boundaries of lithospheric segments due to squeezing of the asthenosphere from the mantle by subducting slabs. The age of these structures varies considerably and is 124 Ma in Southeast China, from 37 to 51 Ma in the Okhotsk Sea region, and from 13 to 9 Ma in the Japan Sea region.
... The lithospheric mantle consists of lherzolite with minor harzburgite, with a P-wave velocity of 8.20 km/s (Qiu, 2006). Estimates on the lithosphere thickness of the YE Basin are only speculative, with values reaching 140 km (Li, 2010;Wang & Cheng, 2013;. In addition, the YE Basin has been estimated to have a low heat flow value due to the absence of terrestrial heat flow data, and is mainly distributed between 45 and 55 mW/m 2 (Hu, He, & Wang, 2000;Wang & Huang, 1988, 1990. ...
The Chagan Depression in the Yingen‐Ejinaqi Basin, located at the intersection of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean and the Tethys Ocean domains is an important region to gain insights on terrestrial heat flow, lithospheric thermal structure and deep geodynamic processes. Here we compute terrestrial heat flow values in the Chagan Depression using a large set of system steady‐state temperature data from four representative wells and rock thermal conductivity. We also estimate the “thermal” lithospheric thickness, mantle heat flow, ratio of mantle heat flow to surface heat flow and Moho temperature to evaluate the regional tectonic framework and deep dynamics. The results show that the heat flow in the Chagan Depression ranges from 66.5 to 69.8 mW/m2, with an average value of 68.3 ± 1.2 mW/m2. The Chagan Depression is characterized by a thin “thermal” lithosphere, high mantle heat flow and high Moho temperature, corresponding to the lithospheric thermal structure of “cold mantle and hot crust” type. We correlate the formation of the Yingen‐Ejinaqi Basin to the Early Cretaceous and Cenozoic subduction of the western Pacific Plate and the Cenozoic multiple extrusions. Our results provide new insights into the thermal structure and dynamics of the lithospheric evolution in central China.
... В результате изучения глубинного строения земной коры и верхней мантии этого региона составлены схемы рельефа подошвы земной коры [23,24,42,72] и литосферы [60, 82, 84], построены сейсмические [4,5,26,35,53,54,57, 84] и геоэлектрические [65, 77] разрезы для разных районов Восточного Китая, а УДК 551.1:550.83(518) НОВЫЕ ДАННЫЕ О СТРОЕНИИ ЗЕМНОЙ КОРЫ И ВЕРХНEЙ МАНТИИ ЮГО-ВОСТОЧНОГО КИТАЯ, ПОЛУЧЕННЫЕ В РЕЗУЛЬТАТЕ СТАТИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ ГРАВИТАЦИОННЫХ АНОМАЛИЙ ...
... В частности, сложной представляется сейсмическая и геоэлектрическая структуры западного блока Северо-Китайского кратона. По одним данным, лито сфера этого блока характеризуется повышенной скоростью сейсмических волн [26,35,57] и электрических сопротивлений [14], а по другим [77] преимущественно низким электрическим сопротивлением. ...
... По одним данным [26], они, казалось бы, определенно характеризуют субдукционные формы сочленения тихоокеанских островодужных и окраинно-континентальных структур по субширотным пересечениям. А по другим [35,82] до глубины 400 км признаки субдукции полностью отсутствуют. Преобразование (деструкция) окраинно-континентальных структур сопровождается увеличением мощности деламинированной мантии, представляющей собой «переходную зону» [83]. ...
... subduction margin, constitutes a prominent gravity gradient lineament (GGL) across East China (Pang et al., 2017b;Windley et al., 2011;Xu, 2007). The western part of this linear gradient belt shows high negative Bouguer anomalies, a thick lithosphere, and low heat flow, whereas the eastern part is characterized by zero to slightly positive gravity anomalies, a delaminated or thin lithosphere, and high heat flow Li, 2010;Windley et al., 2011). Previous studies proposed that the GGL may indicate that the west boundary is influenced by the Paleo-Pacific subduction (Niu et al., 2015;Xu, 2007). ...
The Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonics of Northeastern China involves complex multistage interaction of different tectonic domains and has long been controversial. The tectono-thermal evolutionary history recorded by the widespread outcropped granitoids in the Great Xing’an Range (GXR) may provide significant constraints on the tectonics, illuminating the deep geodynamic process. Here, we present new low-temperature thermochronology data from the GXR, and thus, reconstruct the detailed thermal history. Zircon fission-track dating yielded a group of central ages ranging from 80 ± 4 to 185 ± 10 Ma, while apatite fission-track ages range from 55 ± 3 to 75 ± 5 Ma. The modeled time–temperature paths of all the samples reveal two relatively rapid cooling events at ~100–60 Ma and ~50–0 Ma, and one intervening reheating episode at ~60–50 Ma. The initial uplift, exhumation, and induced cooling events, which represent strong orogenic activity, are related mainly to closure of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean in the north and were subsequently influenced by the Paleo-Pacific plate subduction in the east. The evolution of the basin–mountain system consisting of the Songliao Basin and GXR, as well as the accretion, metamorphism, and magmatism at the Northeast Asian continental margin, are all dominated or indirectly influenced by the Paleo-Pacific subduction. This indicates that the Paleo-Pacific subduction had affected the evolution of the GXR to the west since the Jurassic. The significant reheating episode during the Late Paleocene to Eocene may be related to the heat flux derived from asthenosphere upwelling and igneous activity.
... In this section, we describe the structure of Tarim′s lithosphere in further detail. Li (2010) concluded that the lithosphere of the basin has an average thickness of > 200 km, which may reach up to 250 km in the deepest parts, such as the Mazha Tage in the Tazhong Uplift (i.e., a continental root). Since the continental crust inside the basin does not display any density reversals, magmatic activity, or seismic activity, as well as low surface heat flux, the lithospheric structure of the Tarim basin is typical of continental cratons. ...
... This is the first time that the depth of the lithosphere in the Tarim basin has been illustrated with a high level of accuracy. The thickest part of the lithosphere is nearly 250 km, which is consistent with the conclusions of Li (2010). Overall, our depth map of the lower lithosphere boundary is consistent with the tectonic unit structure of the basin. ...
