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A new transformerless quadratic buck-boost converter with common ground and a high voltage gain ratio of D/ (1-D) 2 is proposed in this study. The output and input currents of the proposed structure are continuous due to the presence of inductive filters in the output and input ports. The continuity of the output current simultaneously reduces the...
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... Included in these advancements are DC ports with a good high voltage, gain ratio, bidirectional conversion capability, and higher overall efficiency. These advances have been very important, especially for applications in renewable sources, storage systems, microgrids, and power electronics [1][2][3][4]. In the area of power conversion, there is a wide range of DC-DC converter configurations, given the growing demand for improved efficiency as well as versatility for use in various applications. ...
... In this regard, notable advances have been made in the design of transformerless DC-DC converters, which offer tangible benefits in terms of weight, size, and even cost reductions. A notable innovation in this domain is the transformerless quadratic step-down converter, known for its high-voltage gain ratio and continuous input/output current ports [3]. The DC-DC converters are usually placed between a primary power supply and a load. ...
This work presents a fractional order Proportional Integral and Derivative controller with adaptation characteristics in the control parameters depending on the required output, gain scheduling fractional order PID (GS-FO-PID). The fractional order PID is applied to the voltage control of a DC–DC buck quadratic converter (QBC). The DC–DC buck quadratic converter is designed to operate at 12 V, although in the simulation tests, the output voltage ranges from 5 to 36 V. The performance of the GS-FO-PID is compared with the one from a classic PID. The GS-FO-PID presents better performance when the reference voltage is changed. In the same way, the behavior of the converter with the reference fixed to 12 V output is analyzed with load changes; for this case, the amplitude value of the ripple when the converter is driven by the GS-FO-PID almost has no variation.
... The advancement of high-power electronic converters is a critical enabler of modern energy systems, facilitating the efficient conversion and management of electrical power across a wide range of applications [1]. Among these, the quadratic Buck converter stands out for its ability to achieve substantial voltage reduction with high efficiency, making it ideal for applications that require low-voltage, high-current outputs [2]- [6]. ...
This paper introduces a novel design methodology for optimizing the control of high-power quadratic Buck converters using a Sliding Mode Controller (SMC). The proposed methodology focuses on addressing the non-linearities and dynamic challenges inherent in such converters, offering a systematic approach to controller design that enhances both stability and efficiency. The SMC is rigorously validated through dual rapid prototyping methods, Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) and Software-in-the-Loop (SIL), to ensure robust performance across diverse operating conditions. Additionally, a hybrid control strategy is explored, integrating traditional PID control with the SMC to leverage the strengths of both approaches. A comprehensive stability analysis, including root-locus diagrams, further confirms the reliability of the proposed controller. Comparative analysis against conventional PID control demonstrates the superiority of the SMC, particularly in managing complex operational scenarios. Thiswork provides a significant advancement in the control of quadratic Buck converters, offering a comprehensive framework for implementing reliable and efficient control strategies, and paving the way for future applications in high-power systems.
... Moreover, [17] does not provide continuous input current. Conversely, [18] explores a novel transformerless quadratic buck-boost converter with consistent input current and negative polarity. In [19], a refined buck-boost converter is detailed with the aim of augmenting the step-up voltage gain and enhancing overall converter efficiency. ...
... These converters do not have low ripple input or output current and their output voltage is inverted which in case of connecting to a common ground inverter, issues will arise. Presented topology in [18], similar to [17] has inverting output polarity. Also, comparing the gain of proposed converter to [18], the proposed converter have better stepping up capability. ...
... Presented topology in [18], similar to [17] has inverting output polarity. Also, comparing the gain of proposed converter to [18], the proposed converter have better stepping up capability. ...
Partial shading on series‐connected photovoltaic (PV) panels in conventional PV systems results in lower harvested power. To resolve this, it is vital to utilize module level power electronics (MLPE) such as Solar Power Optimizers (SPOs). This paper introduced a non‐isolated common ground non‐inverting output voltage buck‐boost converter as an SPO. Proposed converter benefits from continuous input and output currents which has a significant role in designing SPOs. Having a quadratic gain, beside acceptable step‐down range are other features of the converter. Operating principle, design, steady‐state, small‐signal analysis, and dynamic performance of proposed converter are included. Proposed converter is compared with other buck‐boost converters in terms of voltage gain, voltage stresses, continuous input and output current, and output polarity. To validate the performance of introduced converter, experimental results for a prototype with input voltage 24 V, output voltage 72 V for step‐up and 15 V for step‐down modes are given and results are examined. The maximum efficiency of the prototype is 93% and 89% for step‐up and step‐down modes, respectively. To evaluate the effect of proposed SPO for extracting maximum available power from PVs, simulation results of a grid connected PV system with two series connected SPOs is discussed.
... Furthermore, despite equality in the number of elements and voltage gain between the proposed converter and the converter 25 , the proposed converter has a relatively low voltage/current stress on switches and diodes. In addition, converters 17,20,22,24 have fewer elements than the proposed converter, but they have a lower voltage gain. Also, the number of elements of converter 12 is more than the proposed converter. ...
... Therefore, its high voltage gain is logical. Proposed Converter Converter in [17] Converter in [18] Cpnverter in [21] Converter in [22] Converter in [25] Proposed Converter Converter in [17] Converter in [18] Converter in [21] Converter in [22] Converter in [25] ...
... Therefore, its high voltage gain is logical. Proposed Converter Converter in [17] Converter in [18] Cpnverter in [21] Converter in [22] Converter in [25] Proposed Converter Converter in [17] Converter in [18] Converter in [21] Converter in [22] Converter in [25] ...
A new DC–DC buck–boost converter with a wide conversion ratio is presented in this paper. The proposed buck–boost converter consists of a combination of modified boost converter and ZETA converter, which has the advantages of both converters such as continuous input/output current and positive polarity of the output voltage. The combination of these two converters achieves semi-quadratic voltage gain and makes the proposed converter suitable for industrial and renewable energy applications. With a voltage gain higher than that of the ZETA converter and modified boost converter, the proposed converter also reduces input current stress due to its continuity. Two operating states are available for this converter in continuous conduction mode. This converter has two switches that operate simultaneously and can be easily controlled. The converter's output voltage ripple and output capacitor current stress are reduced as a result of continuous output current. Computational analysis and the introduced structure efficiency considering the influence of parasitic elements are presented in this paper. The small signal modelling and closed-loop control, as well as simulation and experimental results are also presented. This converter has also been compared with other similar and recently presented topologies. Finally, a 40–60 W, 20–76 V for boost mode and 10 V for buck mode prototype was implemented to verify the accuracy of the computational analysis.
... Unfortunately, this concept complicates the design of the compensator involving multiple active switches. Other methods are based on switch-capacitors (SC) multiplier cell [28]- [31], diode switch-capacitor voltage multiplier cell [32] and switchinductor (SI) cells [6]. Thus, indiscriminate used of capacitor and inductor cells at the input side of the converter makes the input current exhibits a pulsating behaviour. ...
High voltage gain non-isolated boost DC-DC converters are widely employed in applications such as hybrid electric vehicles, aircraft power supplies, photovoltaic (PV) systems and fuel cells (FC) applications. The use of conventional boost converters in high-gain applications is affected by their practical limitation on their voltage gain. Several boost converter topologies based on different voltage lift techniques have been studied and reported; them is quadratic boost converter (QBC). These converters have recently emerged as an interesting topology because of the quadratic nature of their voltage gain, simple among structure and simple control scheme. Recently modified topologies of QBC employing different voltage lift techniques aimed at further enhancing their performance are reported. This paper is aimed at presenting a review on the advances in quadratic boost converters topologies. In this article, QBC are categorized into five groups: magnetically coupled based on coupled-inductor (CI), switch-inductor (SI), switch-inductor switch-capacitor (SC-SI), switch-capacitor (SC), and soft-switching QBC. Furthermore, the paper makes a comprehensive comparison of various QBC in terms of voltage conversion ratio, total component count, input current ripples and voltage stress across switching devices.
... Unfortunately, this concept complicates the design of the compensator involving multiple active switches. Other methods are based on switch-capacitors (SC) multiplier cell [28]- [31], diode switch-capacitor voltage multiplier cell [32] and switchinductor (SI) cells [6]. Thus, indiscriminate used of capacitor and inductor cells at the input side of the converter makes the input current exhibits a pulsating behaviour. ...
Abstract: High voltage gain non-isolated boost DC-DC converters are widely employed in applications such as hybrid electricvehicles, aircraft power supplies, photovoltaic (PV) systems and fuel cells (FC) applications. The use of conventional boostconverters in high-gain applications is affected by their practical limitation on their voltage gain. Several boost convertertopologies based on different voltage lift techniques have been studied and reported; them is quadratic boost converter (QBC).These converters have recently emerged as an interesting topology because of the quadratic nature of their voltage gain, simpleamong structure and simple control scheme. Recently modified topologies of QBC employing different voltage lift techniquesaimed at further enhancing their performance are reported. This paper is aimed at presenting a review on the advances inquadratic boost converters topologies. In this article, QBC are categorized into five groups: magnetically coupled based oncoupled-inductor (CI), switch-inductor (SI), switch-inductor switch-capacitor (SC-SI), switch-capacitor (SC), and soft-switching QBC. Furthermore, the paper makes a comprehensive comparison of various QBC in terms of voltage conversionratio, total component count, input current ripples and voltage stress across switching devices
... One of the methods to eliminate the RHPZ is the continuity of the current on the output side of the circuit. For this purpose, in [29][30][31][32], step-up DC/DC converters with fast dynamic response and low input current ripple for low-power applications are presented. However, the mentioned circuits suffer from a low voltage gain ratio along with using two power switches. ...
Objective: In this paper, a new transformerless high step-up DC/DC converter with low input current ripple for renewable energy generation systems. This introduced circuit is based on a conventional quadratic boost converter with a CUK circuit. Therefore, the advantages of Cuk and quadratic boost converters such as continuity of the input and output currents have been maintained. In this suggested topology, switched capacitor and switched inductor techniques are also considered to obtain high voltage gains. The series connection of an inductor with the load causes the converter to have no right half plane zeros (RHPZ) in the transfer function; Thus, the proposed structure is able to provide fast dynamic behavior under the load variation than the other typical counterparts. The other advanced features of the introduced topology are its ultra-high voltage gain, continuous input current with low ripple, low voltage stress, and common ground between the input source and output load. The voltage conversion ratio of the suggested topology for both ideal and non-ideal modes has been provided. The operating principle, steady-state analysis along with comparison study of the proposed converter are discussed in detail. Finally, to confirm the theoretical analysis, a 80 W (20 V/ 160 V) hardware prototype is established.
... gain ratio in this converter. The continuous current in the output and input positive terminal polarity and the output polarities of a quadratic DC/DC converter were compared and evaluated 36 . In addition, an innovative transformerless converter with a quadratic buck-boost design has been proposed with positive output 37 . ...
This paper recommends new design for non-isolated semi-quadratic buck/boost converter with two similar structure that includes the following features: (a) the continuous input current has made it reasonable for PV solar applications and reduced the value of the capacitors in the input filter reducing the input ripple as well as EMI problems; (b) the topology is simple, and consists of a few numbers of components; (c) the semiconductor-based components have lower current/voltage stresses in comparison with the recently recommended designs; (d) semi-quadratic voltage gain is D (2 − D) / (1 − D)²; (e) 94.6 percent from the theoretical relations and 91.8 percent from the experimental for the output power of 72W, the duty of 54.2 percent, and output voltage of 72 V are the efficiency values in boost mode; (f) 89.3 percent from the theoretical relations and 87.2 percent from the experimental for the output power of 15W, the duty of 25.8 percent, and output voltage of 15 V are the efficiency values in buck mode. One structure is the continuous output current and negative output polarity, and other structure is positive output polarity. The recommended topologies have been studied in both ideal and non-ideal modes. The continuous current mode (CCM) is the suggested mode for the proposed converters. Moreover, the requirements of CCM have been discussed. The various kinds of comparisons have been held for voltage gain, efficiency, and structural details, and the advantages of the suggested design have been presented. A small-signal analysis has been completed, and the suitable compensator has been planned. Finally, PLECS simulation results have been associated with the design considerations.
... Despite the advantages of the mentioned buck-boost converters, almost all of them have ripples in the output [18][19][20][21]. The ripple problem occurs when the switching is in the process, whether there is one switch or several switches [22,23]. The fact is that with the increase in the number of switches, the output ripple problem becomes severe. ...
Over the past few years, the use of DC-DC buck-boost converters for Photovoltaic (PV) in renewable energy applications has increased for better results. One of the main issues with this type of converter is that output voltage is achieved with the undesired ripples. Many models are available in the literature to address this issue, but very limited work is available that achieves the desired goal using deep learning-based models. Whenever it comes to the PV, then it is further limited. Here, a deep learning-based model is proposed to reduce the steady-state time and achieve the desired buck- or boost mode for PV modules. The deep learning-based model is trained using data collected from the conventional PID controller. The output voltage of the experimental setup is 12V while the input voltage from the PV modules is 10V (when the sunlight decreases) to 24V (for 3.6 kVA) to 48V (for more than 5 kVA). It is among the few models using a single big battery (12V) for off-grid and on-grid for a single building. Experimental results are validated using objective measures. The proposed model outperforms the conventional PID controller-based buck-boost converters. The results clearly show improved performance in terms of steady-state and less overshoot.
... In addition, it does not have a continuous input current. In [24], a new transformerless quadratic buck-boost converter with continuous input current and negative polarity has been studied. In [25], an improved buck-boost converter is reported in order to enhance the step-up voltage gain as well as to increase the converter efficiency. ...
... of the proposed converter is lower than all of the compared converters except for switch S 1 converter [28] that is equal with it according to Figure 11. The switch S 2 of the suggested converter has lower voltage stress ratio compared to the switch S 2 of the converters in [24,26], while it is similar to the voltage stress ratio of S 2 of the converter in [27] Similarly, Figure 12 represents the voltage stress ratio across the diodes regarding voltage gain (M) for the proposed and reference converters. The voltage stress ration across the diode D 1 of the proposed converter has a lower value in comparison with diode D 2 of the converters in [22,24,26], and it is similar to the voltage stress ration of the diode D 2 of the converter in [27]. ...
... The switch S 2 of the suggested converter has lower voltage stress ratio compared to the switch S 2 of the converters in [24,26], while it is similar to the voltage stress ratio of S 2 of the converter in [27] Similarly, Figure 12 represents the voltage stress ratio across the diodes regarding voltage gain (M) for the proposed and reference converters. The voltage stress ration across the diode D 1 of the proposed converter has a lower value in comparison with diode D 2 of the converters in [22,24,26], and it is similar to the voltage stress ration of the diode D 2 of the converter in [27]. The voltage stress ratio across diodes D 2 and D 3 of the proposed converter has the same value and is smaller than other compared converters. ...
This paper proposes a new transformerless buck‐boost converter with an extended voltage conversion ratio. This converter has semi‐quadratic voltage gain, which provides more gain with lower duty cycles. This converter has a simple structure and easy implementation, which reduces the cost and increases efficiency. The proposed converter operates in continuous conduction mode and provides two operation modes by turning on and off the switches. The suggested converter has continuous input current and low input current ripple, which is important when utilizing renewable energy sources. The calculation of the proposed converter includes ideal and practical voltage gain, current calculations, voltage stresses of the switches and diodes, current stress of the switches, parameter design, efficiency, and a brief analysis of discontinuous conduction mode and boundary conditions. The proposed converter provides efficiency of about 93.1% in boost mode and 92.14% in buck mode at 50 W output power. The suggested converter varies the input voltage from 20 to 48 V in boost mode and changes the input voltage from 20 to 10.4 V in buck mode. Finally, a laboratory prototype has been built to prove and evaluate the simulation results and theoretical analysis of the proposed converter.
