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Showing loading of images onto Autodesk software with subsequent computing of the images over the cloud to create a 3D facial model.
Source publication
The goal of diagnosis and treatment planning in orthodontics is to decide a course of treatment based on the evaluation of the initial condition of the patient’s anatomy from various types of imaging sources. Imaging of the patient’s anatomy has traditionally been evaluated from two-dimensional (2D) imaging sources such as: 2D cephalometric X-rays...
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Background
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Citations
... Autodesk upgraded this software to launch ReCap which has an added advantage of having manual stitching correction functionalities that may assist the correlation algorithm by allowing the user to manually select equivalent landmarks in multiple photographs. The image acquisition technique is as recommended by the software and has also been used for a previous photogrammetry study [14,29]. This study also just analyzes the overlap of the hard tissue of the models because bleaching trays are supposed to ideally only be in contact with the hard surfaces in the oral cavity. ...
Objective
To propose a method to develop 3-dimensional (3D) models of regular and orthodontic typodonts using their 2-dimensional (2D) images, as an alternate method to 3D scanners.
Materials and methods
The mandibles of two typodonts; regular occlusion and malocclusion were scanned using a 3D scanner to generate their models. Captured scans were used to determine the accuracy of the existing method. Hundred images of each mandible taken using a smartphone from various angles five times to create required datasets and generate 3D models through the software. The percentage overlap of the hard tissues of the scans and the models superimposed within the group (repeatability test), and with each other (accuracy test) gathered the proposed method's accuracy and precision. The data were analyzed using the Student's t-test.
Results
Ten scans and ten models were overlapped amongst themselves and each other and evaluated. Repeatability test; significant overlap in scans for both mandibles (regular and orthodontic), and their 3D model's counterparts (P < 0.05, CI 95%). Accuracy tests; significant overlap between both the methods for both mandibles (P < 0.05, CI 95%).
Conclusion
2D images were successfully used to model the teeth (both regular and malocclused) non-invasively. The proposed method showed high reproducibility as well as accuracy when compared to a commercially available 3D scanner.
Clinical significance
3D models for both regular teeth and teeth with malocclusions were modeled using 2D images taken with a smartphone using the novel method which was both reproducible and accurate.
... One of the first works that demonstrated the performance of 123D Catch was the study developed by Cervera et al. [9], who used several applications to perform an acoustics analysis by 3D modeling of closed spaces. That same year, Venkatesh et al. [10] studied the 3D models obtained by photogrammetry as a simple and inexpensive source of images for diagnosis and evaluation in the field of dentistry, serving as a complement to other diagnostic images in 2D as X-ray images. A similar study was carried out in the field of architecture by Santagati and Inzerillo [11], in which a study of the metric precision of 123D Catch was performed. ...
Nowadays, reverse engineering is used in multiple professional fields that impel to develop different processes for obtaining virtual objects from real objects. Moreover, the importance of providing students with basic knowledge in this type of data collection processes increases, but sometimes the most sophisticated tools are not available because of their high cost and level of knowledge. Among the types of scans that can be found for three-dimensional reconstruction, there is an alternative based on the photogrammetry whose method is denominated Image-based 3D Modeling and Rendering (IB3DMR), which uses a set of photographs in 2D to generate a three-dimensional digital model. With the aim of students learning the basics of scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction of objects, point clouds or mesh of an object, reverse engineering, exportation to other CAD formats and preparation of models for 3D printing, a series of activities with tools of low cost related to photogrammetry are proposed in this communication. This study was performed among students from three different subjects taught at the Technical University of Cartagena during the first term of the 2017/18 course: ‘Industrial Design’ and ‘Graphic Expression’ (both from the Degree in Mechanical Engineering), and ‘Graphic Expression’ (Degree in Industrial Technologies Engineering). The obtained results demonstrate a high level of satisfaction and interest in this type of methodologies during the academic education of the students. Using this type of tools prepares students in new technologies and applications that are increasingly being implemented in all professional fields of society. Universities must be prepared for these new challenges and offer them as a complement to their academic education.
... In the field of architecture several works that study possible measurement errors between different architectural elements and their image-based 3D reconstructions can be found [6], as well as other works in which reconstructions obtained by laser methodology and by using images are compared [2,7] or in which restoration elements are reconstructed [8]. Fields of application for this technology can be very diverse, finding studies in archaeology [9], in odontology for 3D reconstruction of human faces or complementing others diagnostic tests [10], for 3D modelling of terrains [11,12], for reconstructing cave paintings [13], or even under the sea, where this methodology has been used to obtain the reconstruction of aquatic organisms in an easy, fast and non-intrusive way [14]. ...
Among the various types of scanning that can be found on the market to perform a three-dimensional reconstruction, an alternative is highlighted due to its low cost and its ease of use, making it suitable for a great amount of applications. This is Image-based 3D Modeling and Rendering (IB3DMR), in which it is possible to generate a three-dimensional model from a set of 2D photographs. Among the existing commercial applications based on the IB3DMR, this communication has selected the Autodesk ReCap software, which is free and provides great features in terms of simplicity of operation, automation of the reconstruction process and possibility of exporting to other more complex applications. The use of this type of technologies based on photogrammetry is an alternative to the conventional reverse engineering processes, so a study with seven different pieces in terms of colour, geometry and texture has been performed for its assessment, obtaining three-dimensional reconstructions with very satisfactory results.
... The market includes both expensive and low-cost versions of such software; some of them follow the trend of open source packages (Furukawa and Ponce, 2010;Pierrot Deseilligny and Clery, 2011;Skarlatos et al., 2012). In addition, freeware cloud computing services have proliferated over the last few years, including web-based services offering free large 3D point cloud data (Vergauwen and van Gool, 2006;Pomaska, 2009) or 3D model reconstructions (Venkatesh et al., 2012). The simplicity, flexibility and fast delivery of such photogrammetric computer vision software and services, as well as the availability of free datasets, either as 3D point clouds or 3D models on the cloud, are a foremost advantage. ...
Nowadays there is a huge proliferation of fully automatic image-based solutions producing either three-dimensional (3D) point clouds or 3D models. However, the reliability of the output is not usually reported and clarified. This paper presents a comparison of the 3D modelling results achieved on two rock art shelters at separate archaeological sites using a high-resolution digital camera. The 3D point clouds were produced using automatic image-based photogrammetric and computer vision software running either locally (FOTOGIFLE and VisualSFM) or through a web-based reconstruction service (Autodesk 123D Catch). The first two automatic approaches are compared with a manual bundle block adjustment. Dense image matching was undertaken to densify the point clouds prior to 3D modelling. The derived 3D models are compared with a time-of-flight laser scanning dataset that was used as ground truth. Statistical analysis shows significant metric differences on the digital surface models for the different solutions. © 2014 The Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
... Photo-based 3D scanning, also referred to as Structure-from-Motion (SfM) [24,41], is an extension of traditional photogrammetry and has been described as, "…the most complete, economical, portable, flexible and widely used approach…" to making "…manual or automatic image measurements for precise 3D modelling…" [34]. Photo-based 3D scanning has been used to document and archive archaeological artifacts [18] and sites [29], generate 3D models of terrain [15,19] and create 3D models of human anatomy [17,40]. Compared to traditional photogrammetric methods, photo-based 3D scanning does not require the explicit identification of target locations in each photograph. ...
... Recently, Autodesk ® released freely available software for the purpose of photo-based 3D scanning called 123D Catch ® [2]. To date, 123D Catch ® has been used as a tool for generating accurate, textured 3D models of architecture and archaeological sites [18,29], changes in landscape [33], facial anatomy [40] and other objects [9] and has purportedly been validated as a measurement tool in monitoring changes in coral reef by Scripps Institution of Oceanography (http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=9AtKvvc4-bU&feature=plcp). 123D Catch ® was first released on July 22, 2010, as a technology preview on "Autodesk Labs" (http:// labs.autodesk.com/) ...
An experiment was conducted to examine the validity of freely available photo-based 3D scanning software for generating accurate 3D geometry of a vehicle. Currently, 3D vehicle geometry is routinely captured using total station survey equipment, coordinate measuring machines (CMM), laser scanning, or traditional point-based photogrammetry. While these methods produce sufficiently accurate results for collision reconstruction, they have limitations that can affect practical implementation. For example, manual surveying with a total station, CMM or traditional photogrammetry are all limited to the production of coordinate data at discrete, pre-defined points. In addition, total stations, CMMs and laser scanning devices are also expensive and require a significant amount of time in the field with the vehicle. In contrast, photo-based 3D scanning allows a 3D mesh to be created of a vehicle simply from a series of photographs using a consumer-grade digital camera. In this experiment, a vehicle was marked with point targets and photographed. The coordinates of the targets were then measured using: 1) A total station; 2) Traditional photogrammetry software; and 3) Photo-based 3D scanning software. The coordinates of the targets on the vehicle model produced through the photo-based scanning process were compared with the target positions measured via total station and traditional photogrammetry. The mean deviation between corresponding points on the photo-based scanning model and the traditional photogrammetric model was 3.2 ± 1.8 mm. The mean coordinate deviation between the photo-based scanning model and the total station data ranged between 3.4 ± 1.4 mm and 6.3 ± 3.1 mm.
... Photo-based 3D scanning, also referred to as Structure-from-Motion (SfM) [24,41], is an extension of traditional photogrammetry and has been described as, "…the most complete, economical, portable, flexible and widely used approach…" to making "…manual or automatic image measurements for precise 3D modelling…" [34]. Photo-based 3D scanning has been used to document and archive archaeological artifacts [18] and sites [29], generate 3D models of terrain [15,19] and create 3D models of human anatomy [17,40]. Compared to traditional photogrammetric methods, photo-based 3D scanning does not require the explicit identification of target locations in each photograph. ...
... Recently, Autodesk ® released freely available software for the purpose of photo-based 3D scanning called 123D Catch ® [2]. To date, 123D Catch ® has been used as a tool for generating accurate, textured 3D models of architecture and archaeological sites [18,29], changes in landscape [33], facial anatomy [40] and other objects [9] and has purportedly been validated as a measurement tool in monitoring changes in coral reef by Scripps Institution of Oceanography (http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=9AtKvvc4-bU&feature=plcp). 123D Catch ® was first released on July 22, 2010, as a technology preview on "Autodesk Labs" (http:// labs.autodesk.com/) ...
An experiment was conducted to examine the validity of freely available photo-based 3D scanning software for generating accurate 3D geometry of a vehicle. Currently, 3D vehicle geometry is routinely captured using total station survey equipment, coordinate measuring machines (CMM), laser scanning, or traditional point-based photogrammetry. While these methods produce sufficiently accurate results for collision reconstruction, they have limitations that can affect practical implementation. For example, manual surveying with a total station, CMM or traditional photogrammetry are all limited to the production of coordinate data at discrete, pre-defined points. In addition, total stations, CMMs and laser scanning devices are also expensive and require a significant amount of time in the field with the vehicle. In contrast, photo-based 3D scanning allows a 3D mesh to be created of a vehicle simply from a series of photographs using a consumer-grade digital camera. In this experiment, a vehicle was marked with point targets and photographed. The coordinates of the targets were then measured using: 1) A total station; 2) Traditional photogrammetry software; and 3) Photo-based 3D scanning software. The coordinates of the targets on the vehicle model produced through the photo-based scanning process were compared with the target positions measured via total station and traditional photogrammetry. The mean deviation between corresponding points on the photo-based scanning model and the traditional photogrammetric model was 3.2 ± 1.8 mm. The mean coordinate deviation between the photo-based scanning model and the total station data ranged between 3.4 ± 1.4 mm and 6.3 ± 3.1 mm.
Constructing a 3D model usually needs professional graphic technology and scanning equipment. This often in vast time consumption and high costing budgets. To solve the problem of high cost and complicated process, a simple, fast and low cost method is proposed. Firstly take images with 360 degree panorama of the object that is going to be modeled. Then update the image set to the database in the cloud. With the powerful cloud technology and computing power, the image set will be transformed to realistic 3D model that can be downloaded by clients. Professional modeling technique of users is no need for this method. To get a realistic 3D model all we need to do is just taking panoramic images of the object and finish few steps of simple settings.
