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Figure 2 - Extraction, phytochemical screening and activity evaluation of Eichhornia crassipes leaves extracts against gram-negative and gram-positive antibiotic-resistance isolates

Show the inhibition zone around the extract that affected against bacterial species on Muller Hinton agar 4. Discussion Earlier study found that the Escherichia coli utilize different kinds of amino acids in different percentages such as phenylalanine (Liu et al., 2018), serine (Zhang et al., 2019), alanine (Xu et al., 2021) and phenylalanine (Satoh et al., 2023). Our observations differ from findings reported by Baral and Vaidya in 2011, who found that the aqueous extract exhibited weak antibacterial activity, compared to other extracts, but demonstrated better efficacy as an antifungal agent. This phenomenon can be attributed to the bacteria's lack of prior exposure to these extracts, resulting in their absence of resistance. The findings of this study match with a previous study conducted by Sanaa M. et al. in 2010, as well as with the results reported by Hiba H. Hamid et al. in 2013 in Iraq. Bacterial cells and appropriate vectors are employed to introduce chemicals into the cell, with the aim of inhibiting the activity of
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