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Lentinula edodes (shiitake mushroom) is an edible mushroom of world importance that has been cultivated for thousands of years, first in China and then in Japan. Besides the ability to convert lignocellulosic materials into food with good flavor and texture, it also has medicinal properties and nutritional benefits to human health, that places it a...
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... first mushrooms production flush was observed 3 months after inoculation (Figure 1). The blocks were submitted to three production flushes where the mean yield (fresh mass), the number, the dry mass, and biological efficiency of the treatments were recorded. The mushroom yield from ground corncob substrates are shown in Table 1 and the Figure 2 shows the accumulated yield in the three production flushes. Shiitake production was significantly greater in ground corncob added with rice bran (treatment 1), which supported a greater number of mushrooms, and there was no significant difference in size (fresh mass/mushroom) compared to other combinations. Corncob ...
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... The possibility of growing shiitake mushroom on straw-based substrates was studied by several researchers [12][13][14][15][16]. The cultivation of shiitake on sugarcane bagasse (Rossi et al.) [17], sunflower husks [18], barley straw and vineyard pruning [19], maize cobs [20], chickpea straw, corn stalk, alfalfa hay [21], rice straw [22] and hardwood sawdust [23] as growing substrates was studied. Atila [24] reported that shiitake mushrooms show selectivity towards a growing substrate with a low cellulose/lignin ratio. ...
Mushroom production in India has registered a considerable growth in the recent times. However, cultivation of shiitake mushroom, which represents a major share at a global level, is still at a primitive stage in the Indian subcontinent. The scarcity of raw materials and the cost of energy for substrate sterilization are the major hurdles for a large-scale production. The present study delves into the possibility of growing shiitake mushroom on lignocellulosic biomass (saw dust and wheat straw) processed with different heat treatments to develop a cost-effective production technology. Six different strains of shiitake mushroom, viz., DMRO-35, 51, 297, 388s, 410, 412, were used in this study. The substrates were exposed to a pasteurization temperature of 80 ± 5°C in a bulk pasteurization chamber for three different times (H1–H3) and also to a high-pressure sterilization (H4) in an autoclave. DMRO-388s was found to be the most productive strain, irrespective of the substrate and heat treatment method used. Significant differences were observed in the biological yield depending on the type of substrate and heat treatment. Changes in the biochemical composition of the lignocellulosic residues in three different stages, viz., pre heat treatment, inoculation and primordial formation stages, were recorded. Changes in heat treatment levels and duration significantly altered the cellulose/lignin ratio of the growing substrate. High-pressure sterilization aided the rapid degradation of lignin in the substrate and increased its bioavailability, thereby facilitating the fungus achieving its potential yield. A significant correlation in the positive direction between the yield levels of the tested strains and the consumption of lignin in the growing substrate was found, suggesting the significance of pre heat treatment for the bioconversion of lignin and its subsequent utilization in the solid-state fermentation process. The substrate pre heat treatment under high-pressure sterilization was proved to be beneficial to obtain the maximum yields of shiitake mushroom.
Resumo O sabugo de milho é uma matéria prima lignocelulósica que pode ser uma opção viável para a produção de cogumelos comestíveis por fungos do gênero Pleurotus, considerando-se que existe uma enorme quantidade deste resíduo agrícola no Estado do Paraná e em todo o Brasil. Este trabalho avaliou três linhagens de Pleurotus sp., Pleurotus ostreatus (branco e CCB) e P. Eryngii (Salmão), como produtoras de lacase utilizando-se extrato líquido de sabugo de milho e em meio sólido à base de sabugo de milho, sem adicionar outras fontes de nutrientes. A linhagem de Pleurotus ostreatus (branco) produziu os maiores títulos de lacase no meio líquido (1,2 U L -1) e também no sólido (~ 2,8 U kg -1) dentre as três linhagens avaliadas. A adição de carvão ativo aumentou a eficiência biológica (30,3 %) do P. eryngii (salmão) quando comparada com a ausência do mesmo (12,7 %). Entretanto, a linhagem de P. ostreatus (branco) não apresentou diferença estatística entre os tratamentos, mostrando que a adição de carvão ativo ao meio sólido, para a produção de cogumelos, pode proporcionar um aumento na eficiência biológica, dependendo da linhagem utilizada. Abstract Corn cob as a lignocellulosic feedstock could be a viable option for edible mushroom production by fungi of the genus Pleurotus considering that there are enormous amounts of this agricultural waste in the State of Parana, as well in the whole Brazil territory. This work evaluated three strains of Pleurotus sp., Pleurotus ostreatus (white and CCB), P. Eryngii (salmon), as laccase producers using liquid extract of corn cob, and solid medium based on corn cob without adding other nutritional sources. A strain of Pleurotus ostreatus (white) produced the highest titres of laccase in liquid medium (1.2 U L -1) and also on solid medium (~ 2.8 U kg -1) among the three strains evaluated. The additon of active charcoal increased the biological efficency (30.3 %) of P. eryngii (salmon) when compared in its absence (12.7 %). However, the strain of P. ostreatus (white) did not present statistical difference among the treatments demonstrating that the addition of active charcoal to the solid medium for mushroom production can promote an increase in the biological efficiency depending upon the fungal strain used.
