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Background
The rate of premarital sexual activity, unwanted pregnancies and illegal abortions remain higher among university students. This calls for understanding the knowledge on contraceptive use and sexual behaviours among this high risk group if the incidence of unintended pregnancy, illegal abortions and high sexual risky behaviour are to be...
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Adolescence is a vital stage of human development because it is characterized by physical, mental, emotional, and psychological changes and sexual experimentation as an individual transitions from childhood to adulthood. This study investigated adolescent reproductive health issues and sexual behaviors in Biriwa, Ghana. The study draws on the healt...
Background:
Attitudes of parents about discussing sexuality issues with adolescents may or may not be influenced by their level of knowledge on such issues. This study seeks to examine parents' training and its effects on parent knowledge and attitudes about sexuality in Accra Metropolis, Ghana.
Methods:
This was an intervention study consisting...
Citations
... 20 However, the Muhimbili and Dar es Salaam Universities Tanzania study shows that despite good knowledge of contraceptive methods, contraceptive use remains low. 21 In contrast to Skrzeczkowska's results, where the main sources of knowledge about contraception are the internet and peers, our findings show that most adolescents know the definition of contraception and the benefits of using it and they have learnt about it either at school, from ABUBEF or from their friends or peers. 22 This can be the source of a lot of misinformation. ...
... This is similar to the study in Tanzania, where the main sources of information about contraception were friends, the radio and school. 21 However, even though they know what contraception is, many of them think that it is only for married people or that they are not old enough to use these methods. We can also see from a study carried out in Ethiopia that being young of age has a significant impact on the use of contraceptive methods. ...
Background: Many sexually active adolescents throughout the world do not have access to modern contraception, which can result in unintended births. This study evaluates the quality, accessibility and effectiveness of contraceptive services provided to sexually active adolescents in Burundian Family Welfare Association and youth-friendly centres in Bujumbura / Burundi. Methods: A mixed-methods study design with cross-sectional study and in-depth interviews was used, which recruited 25 healthcare providers and 25 adolescents for in depth interviews and self-administered questionnaires to 287 adolescents and 43 healthcare providers. SPSS version 25 was used to analyse the quantitative and thematic content for qualitative data. Results: Among the independent variables, correlation analysis showed that adolescents' sexual experience (p<0.001), knowledge about contraception (p<0.001), fear of side effects (p<0.001) and lack of support/encouragement (p=0.011) influenced their use of contraceptive services. However, service utilization is negatively impacted by knowledge of contraceptive options. Barriers including lack of support and encouragement and fear of adverse effects may be the cause of this. On the provider side, lack of privacy/confidentiality (p=0.022) and limited availability of contraceptive methods (p=0.018) are factors influencing the provision of services to adolescents. Conclusions: The lack of support from parents, the community and healthcare providers, as well as the fear of side effects, prevent adolescents from using contraceptive services. Teachers, parents and healthcare professionals are essential in helping adolescents learn about sexual and reproductive health.
... 11 A recent large study done in 22 low-income countries across Africa, Asia and America found a high contraceptive non-use among university student population. 12 In our study, only a third of the participants were using modern contraception, which is lower than reported in other studies from 16 In a study done in 20 countries of Africa on contraceptive use among women of reproductive age, the most common method used was injectable contraceptives at 32% followed by oral contraceptive pills at 27% and implants at 16%. 17 In our study, condoms (37%) and intrauterine devices (IUDs) (28%) were the most commonly used methods. ...
Objective
To determine the prevalence of modern contraceptive use and associated factors among female university students at university of Rwanda.
Methods
We conducted a cross‐sectional study on the prevalence of modern contraception utilization and associated factors among female university students at the University of Rwanda. Data were collected prospectively using a structured questionnaire. We used STATA version 13 to analyze the data. Chi‐squared test, Fisher exact test, and multivariate regression analysis were performed as appropriate. A P value less than 0.05 and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to present the results significance.
Results
Among 385 female students included in the study, 34% (131/385) were using modern contraceptive methods. Being married (AOR 2.6, 95% CI: 1.05–7.10) and having a history of pregnancy (AOR 3.6, 95% CI: 1.53–8.45) were associated with modern contraceptive use. Address, educational level, and age were not associated with contraceptive use.
Conclusion
In this study, only one in three female university students were using modern contraception, which is lower than reports from other African countries. This implies there is a high need for advocacy on contraception use among university students in Rwanda.
... We were justified by the time we explored the result of the responses and the inconsistencies reported by the study participants; some of the results were added to a preprint published earlier this year, but 73.7% of this study population reported having had sex, and a higher proportion (94.9%) of the total study population reported history of unplanned pregnancy [8,12]. That might have been the reason, among many others, why many other published studies have included the same item in questionnaires for all study participants irrespective of declared sexual activity status [13][14][15]. ...
... This is much less than that reported in most previous studies. For examples, 70.4% of female undergraduate students in the two Universities in Tanzania in 2013, 10 nearly 70% of university students in Uganda in 2016, 11 and nearly 77.6% of university students in Nigeria in 2009 12 already had sexual intercourse. These data suggest that sexual behavior among female undergraduate students around the world can be markedly different, probably associated with different cultures, religions, lifestyles, socioeconomic status, and the like. ...
... 36%, and 24%), respectively. 10,12,22 Unsurprisingly, with consistent results, the top three sources of information about contraception were social media, friends, and school. Collectively, our previous findings suggest a need for promoting knowledge of contraception use. ...
Background: Unintended pregnancies are associated with unsafe abortions and maternal deaths. Undergraduates are at risk of unexpected pregnancy due to changes in their lives. Adequate knowledge and attitudes toward contraceptive uses are essential to help prevent pregnancy.
Objective: To assess sex activity, knowledge, attitudes, and practices of contraception methods among female undergraduates at Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
Methods: Self-administered anonymous questionnaires were answered by female undergraduate students via an online platform. The questionnaire consisted of four parts (sociodemographic and contraception use, knowledge of contraceptive methods, attitudes, and sources of information.).
Results: A total of 475 women responded to the questionnaire. Of them, 29.2% had sex experience, with significantly lower prevalence among the students in health sciences faculties, when compared with those of nonhealth sciences (20.6% vs. 40.2%; p-value <0.001). The mean ± standard deviation scores of knowledge of contraceptive methods was 12.84 ± 4.59 (range, 0–24), indicating a medium level. There were only 15.1% of participants who were categorized as a high level, while many participants (86.9%) had a positive attitude toward contraceptive methods. Most participants gained contraceptive knowledge from online content from the internet and social media.
Conclusion: Nearly 30% of the female university students had sex experience, lower than that in most previous studies, with significantly lower prevalence in the group of health sciences faculties. Most female university students had a positive attitude toward contraception uses; however, their knowledge about contraception was relatively limited. Finally, most contraceptive methods used were relatively less effective and theoretically at risk for unintended pregnancy.
... In the African context, pregnancy and higher education are often regarded as incompatible, as both demand a certain level of focus. Studies indicate that factors contributing to female students becoming pregnant include a lack of recreational activities and insufficient sexual and reproductive education (Mushy et al., 2018;Victoria et al., 2021), the naivety of female students from rural areas relocating to urban centres (Somba et al., 2014;Mushy et al., 2018), peer influence, substance abuse, and gender power dynamics that result in sexual assaults (Victoria et al., 2021). It is not surprising that some students are impregnated by well-meaning individuals who provide financial support to girls in need (Mushy et al., 2018). ...
Pregnancy experience among unmarried university students is a worldwide concern. Although pregnancy is not a disease for students, it may be accompanied by difficulties in accomplishing academic tasks, extra financial expenses, and social segregation by lecturers, peers, parents sometimes even partners. However, a good number of pregnant students and student mothers succeed in completing their studies. This study explored the experiences of unmarried pregnant and parenting students in institutions of higher learning in Tanzania. The study was conducted at MNMA, using a qualitative descriptive design. Undergraduate, unmarried pregnant, and parenting students were sampled purposively with a sample size was 20 participants. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect information. The information was analysed using thematic analysis based on Social Inclusion Theory. The study's findings produced five themes: emotional distress during pregnancy, people's reactions and perceptions during pregnancy and parenting, academic challenges during pregnancy and parenting, financial challenges, and students’ resilience during pregnancy and parenting. The study concludes that unmarried pregnant and parenting students require emotional, academic, and social support from the Academy and other stakeholders. The study recommends the importance of developing support programmes that focus on pregnant and parenting students in institutions of higher Learning.
... The varying effectiveness of SRH communication interventions across contexts can be attributed to a range of contextual factors. Cultural norms play a pivotal role; in settings where SRH discussions are culturally taboo, interventions often face resistance, as seen in regions with conservative social norms [44,45]. Conversely, interventions in culturally open societies tend to achieve greater success. ...
Background
A culturally sensitive sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information communication intervention which is effective can improve SRH information communication (IC) between parents and their adolescents. This facilitates adolescents’ informed SRH decisions to optimise positive SRH outcomes.
Aim
The aim of this article was to integrate the findings from a systematic review and a qualitative study on sexual and reproductive health information communication and the considerations to make in adapting an effective parent-adolescent SRH information communication intervention from the systematic review findings.
Methods
Explanatory sequential Mixed Methods Research was used; first, a quantitative Systematic Review was conducted in lower-and-middle-income countries, utilising Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) software for reviews. The systematic review findings were then explained, utilizing an exploratory qualitative design in the second phase of the study. A purposive sample of ten parent-adolescent pairs was selected from Asante Akyem North Municipality of Ghana and all participants were interviewed individually. The sample was based on the demographics highlighted in the systematic review. A semi-structured interview guide was developed from the findings of the systematic review.
Results
The results confirmed that effective SRH information communication interventions are associated with parent-adolescent SRH information communication skills. SRH communication is also influenced by the SRH information parents and adolescents have and the personal and social motivation to communicate the information. The method of intervention delivery, the experts involved, and the place of delivery were also identified as important issues to consider in adapting and implementing an intervention.
Conclusion
The study has provided information on the components of a culturally sensitive SRH information communication intervention. The contextual information gathered, which explained the systematic review findings, will be helpful in the adaptation of SRH information communication intervention.
... 18 The choice and use of modern contraceptive methods have been linked to cultural influences, religion, and information sources, all of which have an impact on women's decisions. 19 To pinpoint the causes of the low use of modern contraceptives, numerous studies have been conducted in Ethiopia and other countries. 14,15 Their findings suggest that low use of contraceptives is responsible for the high fertility rates in sub-Saharan African nations, which have an adverse impact on early childbirth, high infant and maternal mortality, and a host of other socioeconomic factors. ...
Introduction Globally, around 40% of women report unintended pregnancies, with approximately 214 million women in developing countries wanting to avoid pregnancy but not using any contraception. Modern contraceptives (MCs) are effective tools for preventing unintended pregnancies, controlling rapid population growth, and reducing fertility and maternal mortality rates, particularly in developing countries. Low use of contraceptives is responsible for the high fertility and maternal mortality rates in sub-Saharan African nations like Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to identify the determinants of modern contraceptive use among Ethiopian women of reproductive age using machine learning (ML) algorithms. Methodology The study utilized secondary data from the 2019 Performance Monitoring and Accountability (PMA) Ethiopia survey, analyzing 8,837 samples. Preprocessing steps included data cleaning, feature engineering, dimensionality reduction, and splitting the data, with 80% used for training and 20% for testing the algorithms. Six supervised ML algorithms were employed and assessed using confusion matrices, with information gain applied to identify critical attributes for predicting MC use. Results Only 24% of participants used modern contraceptives {95% CI (23.1%, 24.9%). Extreme gradient boosting (XGB) demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy (81.97%, 95% CI {79.06%, 82.7%}) and area under the ROC curve (76.63%), followed by logistic regression (80.52%) and support vector machines (80.41%). Key determinants of MC use included starting family planning at age 20 or older, being single, having partner approval, being the wife of the household head, age between 36–49 years, advice from healthcare providers, concerns about side effects, and having a household size of five or more. Conclusion and Recommendations The use of modern contraceptives among Ethiopian women remains low. Extreme gradient boosting proved most effective in predicting determinants of MC use. Improved counseling during ANC/PNC visits, promoting partner discussions on family planning, and addressing concerns about family size and contraceptive use are recommended strategies to enhance MC uptake.
... The youths from higher learning institutions tend to engage in unplanned and unprotected sexual activities easily, which is thought to be attributed by lack of strict parental environment [12]. This behaviour may subject the youth to unintended pregnancies, abortions and sexual transmitted infections [12][13][14][15]. ...
... The youths from higher learning institutions tend to engage in unplanned and unprotected sexual activities easily, which is thought to be attributed by lack of strict parental environment [12]. This behaviour may subject the youth to unintended pregnancies, abortions and sexual transmitted infections [12][13][14][15]. Similarly, unintended pregnancies may bring in social consequences to the students, such as school dropout, economic hardships, social abandonment and neglect [16]. ...
... Similarly, unintended pregnancies may bring in social consequences to the students, such as school dropout, economic hardships, social abandonment and neglect [16]. Moreover, evidence from the study conducted in universities from Dar es Salaam Region revealed that unwanted pregnancy rate was 27% and abortion rate was 54.6% [12]. ...
Background
Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) has the greatest unmet need for family planning use, but young people are reported to under-utilise family planning services compared to other groups of women of the reproductive age in the region. Thus, promoting contraceptive services use among adolescents is vital in achieving universal access to sexual and reproductive health services.
Objective
The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and motivators for family planning services utilization among youth students in higher learning institutions in Dodoma, Tanzania.
Methods
An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 421 randomly selected youths in higher learning institutions in Dodoma. A self-administered structured questionnaire adopted from previous studies was used to collect data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis using SPSS version 25 established association between variables. Statistical significance was declared at 95% confidence interval with α<0.05 and strength of association was reported by Odds Ratio (OR) and Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR).
Results
Majority of the participants 221 (52.5%) were females, and most of them 320 (76.0%) were aged between 21 to 24 years. Of all participants, bachelor’s degree scholar were 257 (61.0%). About 305, (72.4%) participants reported to have had sexual intercourse in the past 12 month. Of these 50.5% had their first intercourse at the age between 15 to 19 years. Most participants 239 (56.8%) reported to have used contraceptive method in the past 12 months. After adjusting for confounders (participants’ socio-demographic characteristics), the motivators for family planning use among youth students were: living with relatives (AOR = 2.904, p 0.006), adequate FP knowledge (AOR = 2.230 p 0.003), positive perception (AOR = 1.772, p 0.025) and discussing FP matters with sexual partners (AOR = 6.045, p <0. 001).
Conclusion
This study highlights a significant unmet need for family planning services among youth students in higher learning institutions in Dodoma, Tanzania, reflecting broader trends in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite high sexual activity, family planning utilization remains suboptimal. Key motivators for using family planning services include living with relatives, having adequate knowledge, positive perceptions, and discussing family planning with sexual partners. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions focusing on education, fostering positive perceptions, and encouraging open partner discussions to enhance family planning utilization among adolescents, contributing to universal access to sexual and reproductive health services.
... The scoring of each item in the scale is 1-2-3-4-5. The items 3,6,7,10,12,13,14,17,19,20 in the scale were reverse coded. The scoring of these items will be 5-4-3-2-1. ...
... In terms of sexual activity, 27 (64.3%) of the women in the Teach-back group, 31 (73.8%) in the face-to-face training group, and 29 (69%) in the non-trained group were sexually active, with no statistically significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). A study with university students reported that 20.8% of female students were sexually active 19 , while another study with university students in Tanzania found 70.4% of female students were sexually active 20 . In another study conducted in Turkey, 27.4% of women were found to be sexually active 21 . ...
The aim of this research was to examine the effect of teach-back method-based training provided to reproductive-age women to protect them from sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) on their protective behaviors. Sexually transmitted diseases cause significant health problems for many women every year. The transmission of sexually transmitted diseases can be prevented through health education, which is among the preventive health services. Nurses are the leading health educators. Nurses should learn new education systems and models and use them in their practice. This study has a randomized controlled design. The teach-back method and face-to-face training were provided to women of reproductive age experimentally for protection from sexually transmitted diseases. In this research, the teach-back method in which there were 42 participants in each group, an identifying information form for women in three groups who were provided face-to-face training and not trained, the Behavioral Scale for Protection from Sexually Transmitted Diseases were applied pre-training, fifteen days and three months after the training. Participants’ socio-demographic data in the intervention and control groups were compared. The mean age of the teach-back group had been 30.64 ± 5.73, the average age of the face-to-face group had been 29.83 ± 5.49, and the mean age of the non-trained group had been 28.16 ± 5.09. These groups had displayed similar characteristics. The mean score of the Behavioral Scale for Protection from Sexually Transmitted Diseases was found to be 75.57 ± 12.78 pre-training, 82.54 ± 9.59 fifteen days after the training and 81.85 ± 9.28 three months after the training in women who were trained with the teach-back method; 76.92 ± 10.03 pre-training, 80.78 ± 8.72 fifteen days after the training and 80.21 ± 8.77 three months after the training in women who received face-to-face training, while it was found in women who did not receive face-to-face training to be 75.73 ± 6.14 pre-training, 75.61 ± 6.01 fifteen days after the training and 75.54 ± 6.09 three months after the training and there was a statistically significant relationship between them (F = 6.736; p < 0.001). As a result of the research, it was found that the training provided to women with the teach-back method had a positive effect on women’s behaviors and was more effective than face-to-face training.
... embarrassed, fear of confidentiality, and lack of privacy were the main obstacles to seeking SRH in the student clinic. In line with a study conducted in Tanzania [39], the primary sources of information about care places were friends, healthcare facilities, and schools. The types of services that were utilized were contraception and abortion care services. ...
Among the limits of the university spirit are potential sexual and reproductive health issues. Sexual and reproductive health services are essential for assisting students in overcoming such challenges. However, according to many facility reports and research, students prefer private services and do not use them. Despite the difficulties, a few studies have been conducted on the experiences of Ethiopian University students. Thus, this study explored the experiences of Jimma University students who used sexual and reproductive health services.
A qualitative phenomenological approach was conducted from January 22nd to March 2nd, 2019, among Jimma university students. In-depth interviews were carried out to explore the lived experiences of sexual and reproductive health service use. Students were chosen by a purposive sampling method and recruited using gatekeepers until the needed sample size was obtained and the data was theoretically saturated. Key informants required to present decent information for study objectives were selected purposefully. The data were analyzed using the thematic analysis approach with the help of the ATLAS ti software package.
Eleven In-depth interviews and four key informant interviews were conducted. The study revealed seven overarching themes: sexual and reproductive health awareness and perception, problems, service delivery point preferences and practices, availability and accessibility, barriers to service utilization, handling mechanisms, and suggestions.
Our study recognized positive and negative experiences of sexual health service use among Jimma University students. These findings suggested planning a comprehensive intervention that addresses the identified challenges and problems to improve students’ sexual and reproductive health services.
