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Aim:
Colon adenocarcinoma, is the most common cancer in gastrointesinal system (GIS). The whole world is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. TNM and modified Dukes classification which has great importance in the diagnosis and treatment of Colorectal cancer (CRC). TNM and Modified Dukes classification results of histopathological examin...
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The present study aimed to investigate the expression of Golgi phosphoprotein-3 (GOLPH3) protein in colon cancer tissues and the association with the prognosis of patients. In total, 98 patients with colon cancer admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology for surgery between June 2011 and June 2013 were...
We aimed to investigate the relationship between the horizontal tumor diameter and prognosis.
Patients' records were analyzed retrospectively. Patient data, including age, gender, vertical penetration, anatomic location, differentiation of the tumor, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, survival rate, and disease-free survival, were analyzed to find...
Objectives.:
The purpose of this study was to investigate serum pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG1) expression in laryngeal carcinoma and its relationship with the clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis.
Methods.:
Expression of serum PTTG1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 110 patients with laryngeal carcino...
Purpose:
In this study, we investigated both the characteristics of right colon cancer (RTCC) in comparison with those of left colon cancer (LTCC) and the impact of the location of the colon cancer on the prognosis.
Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 974 patients with nonmetastatic colon cancer who had undergone surgery with a cur...
Metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1) has been reported to be overexpressed in diverse human malignancies, and the increasing amount of evidences suggest that its overexpression is associated with the development and progression of many human tumors. However, the prognostic and clinicopathological value of MACC1 in colorectal cancer remai...
Citations
... [4] More than 95% of CRCs are of the adenocarcinoma type and are graded according to the appearance and differentiation of the glandular structures. [5] According to this distinction, there are 3 degrees of differentiationwell differentiated (Grade-I), moderately differentiated (Grade-II), and poorly differentiated (Grade-III). ...
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common and lethal disease. Since early diagnosis greatly increases the success rate of cancer treatment, the need to investigate cancer determinants in a multifaceted manner is ongoing. The tumor (T), node (N), and metastasis (M) classification of tumors is the most important prognostic indicator in colorectal cancers. In our study, the relationship between preoperative CEA and CA 19-9 values in patients with colorectal cancer and the TNM stage of cancer and its prognostic histopathological features, such as the depth of invasion of the tumor and lymphovascular and perineural invasion, was investigated. Material and Method: A total of 153 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer were included in the study. The histopathological data in the resection materials of the patients who were operated on by the General Surgery Department were collected from the pathology reports. Clinical data were collected through the retrospective scanning of patient files. Cases with a CEA value of 5 ng/ml and above and cases with a CA 19-9 value of 35 U/ml and above were considered positive. Results: The median age of the patients was 64, and 51.6% of the patients were male and 48.4% female. CEA was found to be positive in 35.3% of the patients, while this rate was 20.9% for CA 19-9. In our study, CEA and CA 19-9 positivity were significantly correlated with the TNM stage of the tumor, depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis. In addition, the mean age of the CA 19-9-positive cases was significantly higher than that of the negative ones. The mean tumor size of the CEA-positive cases was significantly higher than that of the negative ones. Conclusion: CEA and CA 19-9 are valuable both in demonstrating advanced- stage tumors and in detecting malignancy in tumors at advanced ages. Since survival decreases with stage progression, positive CEA and CA 19-9 values are associated with a worse prognosis.
... The stage and the metastatic potential of CRC are classified based on the TNM or a Dukes classification [8]. Genetic instability is a major characteristic of CRC and arises through two basic processes. ...
Background/Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant health burden, and its delayed diagnosis at advanced stages leads to poor survival outcome. Detection of known and novel prognostic markers is essential. In this study, the status of likely prognostic markers—the apoptotic inducing factor (AIFM3), vestigial-like family member 4 (VGLL4), and WNT4—was evaluated. Methods: AIFM3, VGLL4, and WNT4 expression in CRC tissues across different stages (Dukes A–D) were analyzed using histological immunofluorescence staining and RNA sequencing analyses. Results: In advanced CRC stages, progressive loss of normal crypt architecture, reduction of goblet cells, and necrotic debris were detected along with differential expression patterns of AIFM3, VGLL4, and WNT4. AIFM3 exhibited high reactivity in the lamina propria of healthy tissue and Dukes A, but this was diminished in advanced CRC stages. VGLL4 expression, initially confined to the lamina propria, increased significantly in the epithelium of Dukes B and C, with a cytoplasmic localization pattern. WNT4 expression was elevated in the CRC epithelium across all stages, contrasting with a significant reduction in lamina propria reactivity. RNA sequencing corroborated these findings, showing significant downregulation of AIFM3 and WNT4 and upregulation of VGLL4 in CRC tissues compared to controls. Expression of AIFM3 and WNT4 showed no correlation with survival outcome, while low VGLL4 expression was correlated with better survival outcome. Conclusions: The results suggest distinct roles for AIFM3, VGLL4, and WNT4 in CRC progression, highlighting only VGLL4 as a potential prognostic marker. Further evaluation of VGLL4 and its specific role in CRC progression remains to be elucidated.
... Furthermore, an analysis of clinical data from participating medical institutions showed that adding all four types of clinical information, including ASA score, ICU severity score, POA CCI, and cancer stage, enhanced the statistical explanatory power compared to the existing model, which supported prior findings. [26][27][28]33 We also found that the model in which the ICU severity score from clinical information was replaced by the intensive care in the ICU from administrative information had the highest explanatory power of 0.863, an increase of 0.078 compared to the existing model's explanatory power of 0.785. ...
... ASA classification is superior for predicting postoperative mortality compared to other clinical information. 33 Moreover, surgery status in the existing HSMR model includes all medical procedures and all types of surgery, whereas ASA score measurement is limited to patients who underwent surgery under general anesthesia, which could have had an impact on the accuracy of mortality predictions. According to the results, patients with an ASA score of 3 to 6 points had higher odds of mortality, and the risk-adjustment model that included ASA scores showed greater explanatory power. ...
... However, if a standardized system is not established beforehand, many human resources may be exhausted in the collection of clinical information, making it difficult to ensure reliability and accuracy. [26][27][28]33 Regarding POA, the establishment of a POA management system has been mandatory only for tertiary hospital designation in South Korea since 2020. 37 Consequently, small-and medium-sized general hospitals may still face difficulties in collecting such information. ...
... Dukes' classification from A to D referred to stage levels equivalent to stage I-IV. 27,28 Outcome definitions Primary outcome measures were 30-day postoperative complications/morbidity and mortality as well as mortality at maximum 3 years follow-up. ...
Objectives
Abdominal aortic aneurysmal (AAA) repair in patients with concomitant cancer is controversial due to increased comorbidity and reduced life expectancy in this specific patient group. This literature review aims to investigate the evidence supporting one treatment modality over another (endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) or open repair (OR)), as well as treatment strategy (staged AAA-, cancer first or simultaneous procedures) in patients with AAA and concomitant cancer.
Methods
Literature review, including studies published from 2000 to 2021 on surgical treatment in patients with AAA and concomitant cancer and related outcomes (30-day morbidity/complications as well as 30-day and 3-year mortality).
Results
24 studies comprising 560 patients undergoing surgical treatment of AAA and concomitant cancer were included. Of these, 220 cases were treated with EVAR and 340 with OR. Simultaneous procedures were performed in 190 cases, 370 received staged procedures. The 30-day mortality for EVAR versus OR was 1% and 8%, corresponding to a relative risk (RR) of 0.11 (95% CI: 0.03–0.46, p = 0.002). No difference in mortality was observed between staged versus simultaneous procedure nor between AAA-first versus cancer-first strategy, RR 0.59 (95% CI: 0.29–1.1, p = 0.13) and 0.88 (95% CI 0.34–2.31, p = 0.80), respectively. Overall, 3-year mortality was 21% for EVAR and 39% for OR from 2000–2021, while the mortality up to 3 years after EVAR within recent years (2015–2021) was 16%.
Conclusion
This review supports EVAR treatment as first choice if suitable. No consensus was established on treating either the aneurysm or the cancer first or simultaneously . Long-term mortality after EVAR was comparable to non-cancer patients within recent years.
... It is not a homogeneous disease but can be classified into different subtypes characterized by specific molecular and morphological changes. Around 95% of all cases of CRC are adenocarcinomas, and the rest are neuroendocrine tumors and small-cell carcinoma [3]. A major feature of CRC is genetic instability, which can arise through at least two distinct mechanisms. ...
... Stage D represents tumors with metastases in lymph nodes and distant organs [6,10,11]. The five-year survival for stage Dukes' A is more than 90% and only 5% for Dukes' stage D [3]. However, molecular classifications and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) concepts have become more important today, and novel markers are needed to elucidate the complete molecular tumor profile [12]. ...
Background and Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most frequently diagnosed malignant disease of the gastrointestinal system, and new diagnostic and prognostic markers are needed to elucidate the complete tumor profile. Materials and Methods: We used CRC tumor tissues (Dukes’ A-D) and adjacent noncancerous tissues of 43 patients. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B), phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D), and secreted frizzled related protein 5 (SFRP5) markers. We also analyzed the expression levels of PDE4B, PDE4D, and SFRP5 in CRC tissues compared to control tissues using RNA-sequencing data from the UCSC Xena browser. Results: In CRC stages, the distribution of PDE4B-positive cells varied, with differing percentages between epithelium and lamina propria. Statistically significant differences were found in the number of PDE4B-positive epithelial cells between healthy controls and all CRC stages, as well as between different CRC stages. Similarly, significant differences were observed in the number of PDE4B-positive cells in the lamina propria between healthy controls and all CRC stages, as well as between different CRC stages. CRC stage Dukes’ C exhibited a significantly higher number of PDE4B-positive cells in the lamina propria compared to CRC stage Dukes’ B. Significant differences were noted in the number of PDE4D-positive epithelial cells between healthy controls and CRC stages Dukes’ A, B, and D, as well as between CRC stage Dukes’ C and stages A, B, and D. CRC stage Dukes’ A had significantly more PDE4D-positive cells in the lamina propria compared to stage D. Significant differences were also observed in the number of SFRP5-positive cells in the lamina propria between healthy controls and all CRC stages, as well as between CRC stages Dukes’ A and D. While the expression of PDE4D varied across CRC stages, the expression of SFRP5 remained consistently strong in both epithelium and lamina propria, with significant differences noted mainly in the lamina propria. The expression levels of PDE4B, PDE4D, and SFRP5 reveal significant differences in the expression of these genes between CRC patients and healthy controls, with notable implications for patient prognosis. Namely, our results demonstrate that PDE4B, PDE4D, and SFRP5 are significantly under-expressed in CRC tissues compared to control tissues. The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and the log-rank (Mantel–Cox) test revealed distinct prognostic implications where patients with lower expression levels of SFRP5 exhibited significantly longer overall survival. The data align with our immunohistochemical results and might suggest a potential tumor-suppressive role for these genes in CRC. Conclusions: Considering significantly lower gene expression, aligned with our immunohistochemical data in tumor tissue in comparison to the control tissue, as well as the significantly poorer survival rate in the case of its higher expression, we can hypothesize that SFRP5 is the most promising biomarker for CRC out of the observed proteins. These findings suggest alterations in PDE4B, PDE4D, and SFRP5 expression during CRC progression, as well as between different stages of CRC, with potential implications for understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in CRC development and progression.
... Despite advances in treatment options such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the prognosis for CRC remains poor, particularly for patients with advanced disease as the five year survival rate reached 10-15% and about 40% of early staged cases experienced recurrence [2]. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop innovative therapeutic strategies for CRC, including targeted receptor therapy and immune-oncology approaches, as well as the identification of molecular biomarkers for early detection [3]. ...
Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the expression of Beclin 1 and HER2 proteins using immunohistochemistry in CRC tissues compared to colonic adenoma, and to investigate the correlation of their expression with clinicopathological parameters and survival outcomes in CRC patients.
Methods:
The study utilized paraffin-embedded blocks from 17 colonic adenoma and 81 CRC cases. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to assess the expression of Beclin 1 and HER2 proteins.
Results:
The cytoplasmic expression of Beclin 1 was significantly higher in CRC tissues compared to adenoma specimens (P=0.051). High Beclin 1 expression was significantly associated with distal colon location (P=0.028). High HER2 cytoplasmic expression was significantly associated with vascular invasion (P=0.05), perineural invasion (P=0.03), and shorter overall survival (P=0.035).
Conclusions:
The findings suggest that Beclin 1 plays a role in colorectal carcinogenesis, with higher expression observed in CRC cases compared to adenoma cases. Furthermore, HER2 carries poor prognostic impact in CRC cases.
... Although still at an early stage, cancer in these patients has a poor differentiation grade and is more aggressive. This result is consistent with the reports of other studies that the incidence of colorectal adenocarcinoma in young people presents a worse appearance, due to rapid disease progression in young patients [14]. ...
... The correlation between differentiation and metastasis in colorectal adenocarcinoma was due to increased mitosis and malignant cell hyperproliferation in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma compared to the excellent or moderate [8]. A previous study showed that more than 50.00% of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma cases had lymph node metastasis [14]. The differences between this study with Minhajat et al. [8] were due to a distinct factor. ...
Background: Colorectal adenocarcinoma is ranked third globally in the category of the most commonly diagnosed cancers, as reported by the Global Burden of Cancer (GLOBOCAN) survey in 2020. This condition ranks as the second leading cause of death from cancer with a mortality of 9.40%. Therefore, this study aimed to discover the clinicopathological profile of colorectal adenocarcinoma in the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory of Dr. Soedarso Hospital Pontianak in 2017–2020. Methods: This descriptive study used secondary data from the histopathology reports of the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory obtained by total sampling, which were processed using Microsoft Excel. Results: The total number of colorectal adenocarcinoma patients was 148, and the majority were in the category of 53–61 years, accounting for 30.41%, and 51.35% were female. The majority of the anatomical sites of tumors were in the “Rectum Not Otherwise Specified (NOS)”, with a percentage of 35.14%. The most frequent histopathological subtype was adenocarcinoma NOS, accounting for 85.81%, while the majority of differentiation grade was well differentiated, with a percentage of 90.54%. The most TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastatic) staging system of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) was IIA (33.78%). Based on the classification using the Dukes staging system, the most stage suffered by patients was C2 with a percentage of 39.86%. Conclusions: In conclusion, the incidence of diagnosed colorectal adenocarcinoma cases increased yearly in the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory of Dr. Soedarso Hospital Pontianak. Further study of the clinical characteristics and analysis of risk factors in colorectal adenocarcinoma patients were important to support the development of effective preventive strategies.
... (Gausman et al., 2020). Salah satu studi menemukan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara diferensiasi dari karsinoma kolorektal dengan jenis kelamin (Akkoca et al., 2014). ...
Colorectal carcinoma, a malignant neoplasm originating from the epithelial cells of the large intestine or rectum, poses a significant health problem worldwide. The estimated global incidence of colorectal cancer was 2.17 million cases in 2019. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, colorectal cancer ranks fifth among the most common cancer cases with a mortality rate of 9.5%. Demographic characteristics, including age, gender, ethnicity, and geographic location, have been extensively studied in relation to colorectal carcinoma. Understanding the patterns of differentiation and demographic characteristics associated with this disease is crucial for the diagnosis, treatment, and overall prognosis of patients. This study is a descriptive observational study that examines the demographic characteristics and differentiation of colorectal carcinoma patients. The study sample consists of a subset of the research population at Ciawi Regional General Hospital who underwent surgery from June 2021 to May 2023. A total of 21 respondents met the inclusion criteria, with a mean age of 54 years, and were predominantly female (57.1%). The results of this study indicate that poorly differentiated colorectal carcinoma generally occurs at a younger age compared to well and moderately differentiated cases. In terms of gender, females are more likely to experience colorectal carcinoma compared to males. Further research is needed to uncover the interactions between tumor biology, demographics, and clinical outcomes, with the ultimate goal of improving the prognosis and survival rates for individuals with colorectal carcinoma.
... There are four different stages of CRC according to the Dukes staging system, including Stage A, Stage B, Stage C and Stage D, which are defined to the mucosa, invasion limited to the bowel wall with no lymph node involvement, invasion to lymph node and distant metastases respectively. Stages A and B are classified as early stages, while Stages C and D were classified as advanced stages (Akkoca et al. 2014). The five-year relative survival rate for CRC is estimated from 90 to 14% for patients diagnosed with early stages and those diagnosed with advanced stages, respectively (Siegel et al. 2021;Ramos et al. 2008). ...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths. The five-year relative survival rate for CRC is estimated to be approximately 90% for patients diagnosed with early stages and 14% for those diagnosed at an advanced stages of disease, respectively. Hence, the development of accurate prognostic markers is required. Bioinformat-ics enables the identification of dysregulated pathways and novel biomarkers. RNA expression profiling was performed in CRC patients from the TCGA database using a Machine Learning approach to identify differential expression genes (DEGs). Survival curves were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis to identify prognostic biomarkers. Furthermore, the molecular pathways, protein-protein interaction, the co-expression of DEGs, and the correlation between DEGs and clinical data have been evaluated. The diagnostic markers were then determined based on machine learning analysis. The results indicated that key upregulated genes are associated with the RNA processing and heterocycle metabolic process, including C10orf2, NOP2, DKC1, BYSL, RRP12, PUS7, MTHFD1L, and PPAT. Furthermore, the survival analysis identified NOP58, OSBPL3, DNAJC2, and ZMYND19 as prognostic markers. The combineROC curve analysis indicated that the combination of C10orf2-PPAT-ZMYND19 can be considered as diagnostic markers with sensitivity, specificity, and AUC values of 0.98, 1.00, and 0.99, respectively. Eventually, ZMYND19 gene was validated in CRC patients. In conclusion, novel biomarkers of CRC have been identified that may be a promising strategy for early diagnosis, potential treatment, and better prognosis.
... Para el estudio y el registro del CC, se utilizan las clasificaciones propuestas por la American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). 1 El CC en los estadios localmente avanzados representa el 5% al 22% del total general. 2 La presencia de invasión duodenal o pancreática en los casos de CC derecho es poco frecuente debido al menor potencial de invasión y a las manifestaciones clínicas tempranas de la enfermedad, las cuales se traducen en un diagnóstico antes de que se vean involucradas estructuras adyacentes. ...
... Cuando se hace una resección completa con adecuados márgenes negativos, la supervivencia a 5 años es del 40%. 2 La resección en bloque de estructuras contiguas está indicada cuando hay unión o infiltración del tumor a un órgano o a estructuras potencialmente resecables. 1 También puede estar indicada en pacientes seleccionados con metástasis limitada (hígado o pulmón). 1 Cabe mencionar que pese a tratarse de un procedimiento con alta morbimortalidad, ningún paciente requirió colostomía, lo cual favoreció la calidad de vida, redujo las tasas de complicaciones y las reintervenciones. ...
Introducción. El cáncer de colon localmente avanzado representa del 5% al 22% del total de los cánceres de colon. En aquellos pacientes con cáncer de colon derecho con invasión de páncreas y/o duodeno, la cirugía recomendada es la resección en bloque. Sin embargo, la morbilidad y la mortalidad asociadas con el procedimiento pueden condicionar la toma de decisiones con respecto a la elección del tratamiento. Objetivos. Analizar los resultados de las resecciones en bloque en pacientes con cáncer de colon derecho localmente avanzado con infiltración duodenal y/o pancreática en un centro de referencia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo descriptivo de pacientes con cáncer de colon derecho con infiltración a duodeno y/o cabeza de páncreas, evaluados entre noviembre de 2013 y noviembre de 2019, a quienes se les realizó una resección en bloque con duodenopancreatectomía cefálica. Resultados. Se incluyeron 7 pacientes con cáncer de colon localmente avanzado. El 42,85% (n= 3) presentaba infiltración tumoral hacia el duodeno, mientras que el 42,85% (n= 3) infiltraba duodeno y cabeza de páncreas y el 14,28% (n= 1) no infiltraba estructuras. El período libre de enfermedad fue de 41,93 meses (12-95) y el 28,57% (n= 2) de los pacientes presentó recurrencia de la enfermedad. Conclusiones. Los pacientes con cáncer de colon derecho localmente avanzado sometidos a duodenopancreatectomía cefálica, independientemente del tamaño y de la infiltración tumoral, presentan una alta tasa de morbilidad y de mortalidad como consecuencia de la cirugía. Sin embargo, el procedimiento ofrece una supervivencia favorable a largo plazo.
