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A study to investigate the ethnobotanical use of Luffa
cylindrica (L.) Roem leaf in pain and fever relief was carried
out. Methanolic extract was obtained from leaves of Luffa
cylindrica and was subjected to phytochemical screening
using standard procedure of Trease and Evans (1989).
Analgesic effect of the plant was carried out by inducing
pain in...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... analysis of methanolic extract of L. cylindrica (L.) Roem leaves indicated the presence of alkaloids (11.35 ± 0.07 mg/g), flavonoids (7.45 ± 0.49 mg/g), phenolic (9.16 ± 0.12 mg/g), cardiac glycosides (0.05 ± 0.01 mg/g), triterpenes (17.45 ± 2.16 mg/g), tannins (3.58 ± 0.90 mg/g) and saponins (0.98 ± 0.03 mg/g). Triterpenes was the most predominantly secondary metabolites found in the extract followed by alkaloids while cardiac glycosides were the least (Table 1). ...Context 2
... analysis of methanolic extract of L. cylindrica (L.) Roem leaves indicated the presence of alkaloids (11.35 ± 0.07 mg/g), flavonoids (7.45 ± 0.49 mg/g), phenolic (9.16 ± 0.12 mg/g), cardiac glycosides (0.05 ± 0.01 mg/g), triterpenes (17.45 ± 2.16 mg/g), tannins (3.58 ± 0.90 mg/g) and saponins (0.98 ± 0.03 mg/g). Triterpenes was the most predominantly secondary metabolites found in the extract followed by alkaloids while cardiac glycosides were the least (Table 1). ...Similar publications
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Among all native Brazilian plant species, Plinia cauliflora (DC.) Kausel (Jaboticaba), is well known for producing “superfruits”, due to their high phenolic content and antioxidant property. The fruit has astringent characteristics, and it is popularly known for the treatment of diarrhea, rash, and intestinal inflamma...
Citations
... Etim et al. 11 identified saponins, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, quinolones, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids and alkaloids in the methanol extract of the plant. A study also carried out by Saliu et al. 12 on pharmacological evidence favouring the ethnomedicinal use of L. cylindrica leaf in the relief of pain and fever revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, terpenes, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides in methanolic extract of the plant leaf. ...
... In addition, flavonoids, saponins and terpenes are also reported to possess analgesic property 23,24 thus, justifying the use of L. cylindrica leaves in the treatment of pain and enteric fever in folk medicine. Saliu et al. 12 further established the analgesic and antipyretic activities of methanolic extract of L. cylindrica leaf which contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and terpenes in animals. Tannins are capable of precipitating proteins and therefore they possess astringent properties, promote wounds healing and inflamed mucous membranes. ...
... According to our earlier study 41 , the presence of vitamin C and E as well as phenolic compounds like flavonoids and saponins contributes to the antimalarial activity demonstrated by Luffa cylindrica leaf extracts in rats. Also, previous studies on preliminary screening of secondary metabolites have documented the presence of these secondary metabolites identified in the successive leaf extracts of L. cylindrica employing a single solvent 6,11,12 . In this study, the phytochemical screening of the successive leaf extracts of L. cylindrica was obtained using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water as solvents for extraction which confirmed the presence of different active ingredients with selective solubility in successive solvents of varying polarities suggest the important role of solvents as a decisive factor 42 . ...
Background and Objective: Luffa cylindrica is a plant used in the traditional medicine of Nigeria to treat different ailment conditions. Chemical constituents present in plants that are used in traditional medicine were reported to possess pharmacological activities. The present study investigated the pharmacological activities of the phytochemical and microelement constituents of successive extracts of L. cylindrica leaf. Materials and Methods: Different extracts of dried-powder leaves of L. cylindrica were prepared by successive extraction using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water. The extracts were screened for the presence of tannins, alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, saponins and phlobatannins using standard methods. Microelements in the dried-powder leaf were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: Tannins, alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and saponins were present in varying amounts in the different successive extracts. The dried powder leaf contained considerable amount of potassium (9.80±0.97 mg/100 g), sodium (0.32±0.12 mg/100 g), phosphorus (6.17±0.41 mg/100 g), calcium (0.42±0.97 mg/100 g), magnesium (0.12±0.0 mg/100 g), zinc (7.67±0.02 mg/100 g), chromium (0.70±0.01 mg/100 g), vitamins C (6.92±0.03 mg/100 g) and E (0.11±0.01 mg/100 g). Conclusion: The selective solubility of phytochemicals in the different solvents is responsible for conferring a wide range of therapeutic and pharmacological activities attributed to L. cylindrica thus suggesting the relevance of solvents as a decisive factor for confirming the presence of bioactive principles in plants which could serve as a benchmark in drug discovery. The mineral and vitamin constituents detected in the leaves of L. cylindrica suggested that the plant can serve as a source of dietary supplement for boosting the immune system.
... [14][15][16] Additionally, the pharmacological activities of L. cylindrica are well documented in the literature. [17][18][19] Our previous studies reported the in vitro antioxidant activity 20 and antiplasmodial activities 21 of different extracts of L. cylindrica leaf. Thus, in this study, we investigated the ameliorative potential of methanolic leaf extracts of L. cylindrica in oxidative stressrelated malaria. ...
Background: Malaria is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, and oxidative stress has been implicated in malaria disease. Luffa cylindrica is an ethnomedicinal plant used to treat various diseases, including malaria. The oxidative stress-reducing potential of L. cylindrica in malaria-disease state of Plasmodium berghei NK-65 parasite-infected mice was carried out in vivo.
Methods: Mice were infected with P. berghei NK-65, and the effect of administration of methanolic leaves extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg b.w) of L. cylindrica on percentage parasitemia in blood smear, antioxidant enzymes (catalase CAT, superoxide dismutase SOD, glutathione-s-transferase GST), non-enzymatic antioxidant (reduced glutathione GSH) and malondialdehyde concentration in tissues (plasma, liver, kidneys, and spleen) of mice was investigated and compared to chloroquine and artesunate as reference antimalarial drugs. Phytochemical constituents of the extract were determined by standard methods.
Results: Saponins, tannins, terpenes, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, and glycosides were the phytochemical constituents identified in the extract. The extract at three doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg b.w.) investigated caused a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of parasite growth with over 90% reduction in parasitemia level in mice infected with the parasite. The extract also ameliorated oxidative stress in mice by significantly (p < 0.05) increasing the activities of CAT, SOD, and GST in the studied tissues of mice. The level of malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress in mice, was also significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by the extract. The results were comparable with chloroquine- and artesunate-treated groups.
Conclusion: The study concludes that L. cylindrica is an effective therapy for treating malaria and for the management of its oxidative stress-related complications due to its antioxidant properties.
... In Nigeria, the local names of L. cylindrica are kan-kan oyinbo (Yoruba), Ahia mmala (Igbo), Ihion osa (Edo) and Sooso (Hausa). L. cylindrica has great medicinal values, with the leaves reported to have antiemetic and anti-inflammatory (Khan et al., 2013), analgelsic (Salman et al., 2013), hepatoprotective (Sharma et al., 2014), analgesic and antipyretic (Saliu et al., 2019) activities. In this study, the leaf of the plant was investigated for its free radical and reactive oxygen species scavenging potential. ...
Free radical and reactive oxygen species scavenging potentials of four solvent extracts of Luffa cylindrica leaf was evaluated in vitro. Leaves of L. cylindrica were extracted with distilled water (aqueous), methanol, ethylacetate, and hexane. The aqueous, methanolic and hexane extracts effectively scavenged 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in dose dependent manner with the methanolic extract producing the highest DPPH scavenging effect of 96% at a concentration of 50 mg/ml. Also aqueous and methanolic extracts of L. cylindrica leaf showed a dose dependent 2, 2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazone-6-sulphonic (ABTS) scavenging activity producing 98% and 99% scavenging effect at 50 mg/ml respectively when compared with the synthetic antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The four extracts (aqueous, methanolic, ethylacetate and hexane) expressed significant activity (p < 0.05) for total antioxidant capacity, ferric ion reducing power and as well scavenged hydroxyl ion radical and superoxide anion reactive oxygen species when compared with ascorbic acid. These results establish Luffa cylindrica as an effective natural antioxidant agent and therefore accounts for the wide use of the plant in treating different ailments.
Luffa cylindrica, popularly known as sponge gourd is a tropic and subtropical fibrous plant with fruits containing black seeds. The fruit is consumed by humans as a vegetable in many parts of Asia, while different parts of the plant are used for cosmetics and as medicine in many parts of the globe. The plant has been used in the treatment of many ailments including nose cancer, snake venom, wound healing, edema, enterobiasis, filaria, whooping cough, stomach upset, stomach pain and malaria. Many health-promoting compounds such as flavonoids (apigenin-7-glucuronide luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide methyl ester,-O-feruloyl-β-D-glucose, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide methyl ester), phenolics acids (p-Coumaric, gallic, caffeic, chlorogenic), triterpenoids (oleanolic acid and echinocystic acid), saponins (Lucyoside AM), tannins (catechin), ribosome-inactivating proteins (α-luffin), carotenoids (9-cis neoxanthin, all-trans-lutein, all-trans-β-carotene), chlorophylls (chlorophyll a and b, pheophytin), cucurbitacin B and gypsogenin have been detected or isolated from different parts of the plants. Extracts of the plant and isolated compounds have wide spectrum pharmacological activities and have been shown to possess antiemetic, antidiabetic, antiviral, wound healing, anticancer, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, anti-bacteria, anthelmintic, hypoglyce-mic and antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity, and hepato-protective effects in animal models. However, further information is needed on its safety and mechanisms of action. The present article is an updated review of the ethnobotanical uses, pharmacological actions, phytochemistry, safety, and future application of Luffa cylindrica in translational medicine.
Introduction: Luffa cylindrica is a plant used in folk medicine of Nigeria to treat malaria. Safety evaluation of methanolic leaves extract of Luffa cylindrica was carried out in selected organs of mice at the doses of 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight (b.w).
Methodology: Thirty albino mice were completely randomized into six groups consisting of five mice each. Animals in group A served as the
control and received 0.2 ml of distilled water while groups B, C, D, E and F received the same volume (0.2 ml) of 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg b.w. methanolic leaves extract of L. cylindrica respectively for 7 days orally. The activity of aspartate, alanine and gamma glutamyl
aminotransferases (AST, ALT, GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALT) as well as histological study in selected organs (spleen, liver and kidney) of mice was assessed. Serum albumin, total and conjugated bilirubin, total protein, urea and creatinine concentrations were also evaluated.
Results: The extract significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the activities of ALT, AST and ALP in the selected organs and significantly (p < 0.05) increased their activities in the serum at all doses investigated. GGT activity increased significantly in the serum and decreased significantly in the liver and spleen at 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg b.w. A
significant increase (p < 0.05) was observed in urea, total and conjugated bilirubin concentrations while there was no significant alteration observed in the serum albumin, creatinine and total protein
concentrations of animals at all the doses compared to the control. Histological changes with evidence of multinucleated giant cells and periportal lymphocytic inflammation occurred in the spleen
and liver respectively at 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg b.w.
Conclusion: The results suggest that consumption of L. cylindrica leaf extract may have deleterious effect on the kidney, spleen and liver.
