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This study describes a time domain channel sounder based on binary sequences. The channel sounder system consists of several off-the-shelf laboratory instruments and is controlled by a PC. The frequency band of interest is the unlicensed millimetre wave band, 57-64 GHz. A crucial feature of the proposed system is its fast measurement speed enabling...
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... The collaboration included exchange of ideas for channel sounder construction, joint planning of measurement campaigns (to have some comparable measurements in different cities, and otherwise avoid excessive overlap between the measured scenarios), as well as joint evaluation and interpretation of the measurements. Results from these campaigns were presented in a series of research papers [2]- [14]. The aim of the current paper is to systematically present and compare the channel sounders, measurement scenarios, and results of those campaigns. ...
... The Golay complementary pair consisting of 2 × 2048 bits is combined with the inverted counterparts (another 2 × 2048 bits); this is done to suppress spurs that decrease the dynamic range produced by nonlinear behavior of the PA, LNA and mixers [14]. Each sequence is sent twice to facilitate channel estimation in the presence of multipath propagation, i.e. a recurring sequence of 8 × 2048 bits (two repetitions of the complementary pair and its inversion), is used for channel sounding. ...
... Alternatively, some works have evaluated the performance of DPD using simulations or models scaled to lower frequency bands [36]. Some of the existing test-beds, such as our time-domain channel sounder [37], are able to process the wide bandwidths of several GHz, but without the capability of transmitting I/Q data, whereas other mm-wave setups allow for arbitrary I/Q data transmission, but with the bandwidths limited far below 100 MHz [15]. ...
Millimeter waves will play an important role in communication systems in the near future. On the one hand, the bandwidths available at millimeter-wave frequencies allow for elevated data rates, but on the other hand, the wide bandwidth accentuates the effects of wireless front-end impairments on transmitted waveforms and makes their compensation more difficult. Research into front-end impairment compensation in millimeter-wave frequency bands is currently being carried out, mainly using expensive laboratory setups consisting of universal signal generators, spectral analyzers and high-speed oscilloscopes. This paper presents a detailed description of an in-house built MATLAB-controlled 60 GHz measurement test-bed developed using relatively inexpensive hardware components that are available on the market and equipped with digital compensation for the most critical front-end impairments, including the digital predistortion of the power amplifier. It also demonstrates the potential of digital predistortion linearization on two distinct 60 GHz power amplifiers: one integrated in a direct-conversion transceiver and an external one with 24 dBm output power.
... Another important component is the V-band up/down converter (model: SiversIma FC1005V/00, FC1003V/01) which made the use of signal analyzer and the oscilloscope possible by up converting the transmitted sequence into the mmWave band with center frequency of 59.6 GHz. Details of the measurement site and the measurement setup are available in [23] and [24], respectively. ...
In this paper, we study the time-variance of a roadside infrastructure to infrastructure (I2I) channel operating at 60 GHz millimetre wave (mmWave) band, where the time-variance is caused by moving vehicles acting as scatterers. At first, measurement data is obtained by placing the transmitter (TX) and the receiver (RX) at different heights to emulate a link between two nonidentical roadside units (RSUs), and time-domain channel sounding is performed by sending complementary Golay sequences from the TX to the RX. A linear piece-wise interpolation of the corresponding temporal auto-correlation function (ACF) is used to find the Doppler spread of the I2I channel, where our interpolation method compensates for a slower sampling rate. Next, a framework is presented for time-variant channel impulse response (CIR) simulation which focuses on moving scatterers only and validates the linear piece-wise ACF model. The framework is useful for time-variant vehicular I2I channel simulation and in speed estimation related vehicular applications. Finally, a double-slope curve-fitted analytical model for ACF is proposed as a generalisation to the linear piece-wise model. The proposed model and its Doppler spectrum are found to be in agreement with the analytical results for fixed-to-fixed (F2F) channels with moving scatterers and matches perfectly with the measured data.
... It is composed of a pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) transmitter (TX) and a correlation receiver (RX). It employs Golay complementary sequences as the excitation PRBS signal, because of their very good correlation properties, minimal leakage effects caused by FFT [13], and a great ability to mitigate unwanted nonlinearity effects produced by channel sounder analog circuits [14]. The transmitter is based on an Anritsu MP1800A Signal Quality Analyzer working as a PRBS generator. ...
The paper deals with an analysis of multipath propagation environment in the 60 GHz band using a pseudo-random binary sequence-based time-domain channel sounder with 8 GHz bandwidth. The main goal of this work is to analyze the multipath components (MPCs) propagation between a moving car carrying a transmitter with an omnidirectional antenna and a fixed receiver situated in a building equipped with a manually steered directional horn antenna. The paper briefly presents the time dependence of the dominant MPC magnitudes, shows the effect of the surrounding vegetation on the RMS delay spread and signal attenuation, and statistically evaluates the reflective properties of the road which creates the dominant reflected component. To understand how the MPCs propagate through the channel we measured and analyzed the power and the RMS delay spread distributions in the static environment surrounding the car using an automated measuring system with a controlled receiver antenna tracking system. We give some examples of how the MPC magnitudes change during the antenna tracking and demonstrate that a building and a few cars parked close to the measuring car create a lot of MPCs detectable by the setup with a dynamic range of about 50 dB.
... For example, the maximal length binary sequences (known as the M-sequences) have very good correlation properties (almost zero periodic correlation except for the peak) and, due to their periodicity, also minimal leakage effects caused by FFT [14]. Golay complementary sequences have similar properties and, moreover, they exhibit a great ability to mitigate unwanted nonlinearity effects produced by channel sounder analog circuits [17]. ...
... Assuming the speed of light c = 3×10 8 m/s we can obtain the maximum observable distance L max = 49.15 m. The Golay complementary sequences have also convenient properties when non-linear components are used in the measurement chain as mentioned above and described in [17]. Selected system parameters are summarized in Table 1 (see also Section III). ...
... Because some blocks of the channel sounder (especially amplifiers and mixers) exhibit nonlinear behavior and produce plenty of spurs, which can significantly decrease the dynamic range [23], the Golay complementary pair marked as A(t), B(t) is combined with the inverted counterparts -A(t) and -B(t) [17]. Each sequence is sent twice to reduce the overlapping ratio of different sequences caused by a multipath propagation. ...
