Figure - available from: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
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Screen display for the Fat Cat slot simulator
Source publication
Negative wins refer to wins smaller than the original stake on a bet. Previous studies including large numbers of mandatory trials have shown that negative wins reinforce gambling intensity. We conducted an experimental investigation of the effect of negative wins on slot machine gambling intensity, game evaluation, and gambling beliefs based on a...
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Citations
... Sounds, in particular, have been theorized as important aspects of reinforcement in gambling (Parke & Griffiths, 2006;Schull, 2005), and have been shown to increase preference and playing despite losses in slot machines (Dixon et al., 2014). Wins have also been shown and theorized to reinforce gambling behavior (Rachlin, Safin, Arfer, & Yen, 2015); losses disguised as wins, on the other hand, show less reinforcing effects than wins, and do not reliably produce reinforcement in short-term laboratory settings (Leino et al., 2016;Sagoe et al., 2017). Finally, gambling with valuable credits changes gambling behavior in the laboratory such that participants bet less than when credits are imaginary or valueless (Weatherly & Brandy, 2004;Weatherly, McDougall, & Gillis, 2006). ...
Social reinforcement could be a variable that facilitates gambling behavior. Unfortunately, there are relatively few studies examining the impact that contingent social stimuli can have on betting behavior. Using simulated slot machine games and confederates, we investigated possible maintaining social contingencies for gambling with four recreational gamblers. Results indicated a small effect from a social positive reinforcement contingency for betting more credits than the previous trial. Four additional participants were recruited to replicate the effects of social positive reinforcement when structural aspects of the game were also changed, such as sound, win magnitude, and credit value. Lastly, one participant returned to the laboratory at a later time to examine the effects of different confederates providing social stimuli. This participant bet more in the presence of the confederate who had previously provided social positive reinforcement. Across the experiments, the social positive reinforcement contingency effect was replicated in five participants.
