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The present study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of the ethanolic extracts of some medicinal plant seeds against some clinical pathogens. The medicinal plant seeds investigated were Canna bidentata, Ceasalpinia bunduc, Hunteria umbellata, Hydrocotyle asiata, Megaphrynium macrostarchyum, Perinari excelsa, Rauwolfia vomitoria,...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... scientific, family, English and local names of the seeds investigated are listed on Table 1. Medicinal plants are very important and widely available resource for primary and complementary healthcare systems. ...
Context 2
... findings revealed that the ethanolic extracts of these plant seeds possess compounds with antimicrobial properties that could probably be used as antimicrobial agents in new drugs development. Bacillus subtilis 17 13 - - 23 Staphylococcus aureus 12 10 - - 20 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15 - - - 18 Escherichia coli 16 14 - - 22 Aspergillus niger 18 16 15 11 19 Penicillium notatum 20 15 - - 20 Candida albicans 20 16 12 10 ...
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Citations
... Plants and their products have been in use in folk medicine for a long time and are linked with traditional medicine (Ajayi & Ojelere 2014 . These techniques are not commonly used since they require specified equipment and more assessment to achieve reproducible and standardised results. ...
... This study is therefore designed to screen the extracts of five plants species for phytochemical constituents and then evaluate their activities against common human pathogens (six bacterial and three fungal) providing a scientific basis for some of their folkloric uses. This is geared towards advancing our studies to bring into the limelight some lesser-known medicinal plant species that have folkloric uses 30,31 to discover if these plants could serve as potential sources of new antimicrobial agents. ...
Momordica charantia, Senna podocarpa, Senna alata, Ocimum gratissimum, and Sida acuta which have reportedly been used in folklore for the treatment of various diseases were studied for their antimicrobial activity. Crude methanolic extracts of the leaves were screened for phytochemicals after which they were tested in vitro for activity against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Aspergillus niger, A, flavus and Candida albicans. Phytochemicals present in the extracts included saponins, alkaloids, anthraquinones, tannins, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides. These extracts also showed varying degrees of activity against tested organisms at a concentration range of 15.6 to 500 mg/ml. However, S. acuta showed activity against P. vulgaris, E. aerogenes and As. flavus only. The MIC of the extracts against test organisms ranged from 31.25 to 250 mg/ml. The significant antimicrobial susceptibility of the plant extracts against gram positive bacterial pathogens and some pathogenic yeasts, may not be due to the presence and synergistic interactions of secondary metabolites found in these plant extracts. This would have implications in health, particularly in developing countries where a singnificant percentage of the population are still using traditional plant extracts for health care. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(2): 139-148, 2021 (December)
... This is consistent with the general report of the pro-oxidation effect of rotenone [14]. The richness of S. dasyphyllum in phytochemicals with antioxidant properties has been reported by several authors [6,8,12]. All the solvent extracts of S. dasyphyllum significantly diminished the MDA level. ...
We earlier reported the protective effect of Solanum dasyphyllum against cyanide neurotoxicity. In furtherance to this, we investigated the protective effect of S. dasyphyllum against rotenone, a chemical toxin that causes brain-related diseases. Mitochondria fraction obtained from the brain of male Wistar rats was incubated with various solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, and methanol) extracts of S. dasyphyllum before rotenone exposure. Mitochondria respiratory enzymes (MRE) were evaluated along with markers of oxidative stress. The inhibition of MRE by rotenone was reversed by treatment with various fractions of S. dasyphyllum . The oxidative stress induced by rotenone was also reversed by fractions of S. dasyphyllum . In addition, the ethylacetate fraction of S. dasyphyllum was most potent against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity. In conclusion, S. dasyphyllum is rich in active phytochemicals that can prevent some neurotoxic effects of rotenone exposure. Further study can be done in an in vivo model to substantiate our results.
... The seed extract exhibited strong potency against the microorganisms used with Streptococcus sp being the most susceptible. The result of this analysis is similar to the report of Ajayi and Ojelere, [36] study that shows that H. umbellata has antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli with a zone of inhibition of 18 mm and 19 mm at concentration of 200 mg/ml respectively. Boyejo et al [34] The line plot in Fig. 4a shows that in-vitro antimicrobial activity of H. umbellata is most active on Streptococcus sp, followed by S. aureus than E. coli on the average with concentration of 300 and 500 mg/ml respectively. ...
Aim: The study evaluates the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of Hunteria umbellata against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sp. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out for three months in 2019 in Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences (Biochemistry unit), School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos- Nigeria. Methodology: The qualitative and GC-MS analysis of Hunteria umbellata methanolic seed extract were determined using standard procedure. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the disc diffusion method and agar well diffusion method. The experimental data was resampled 1000 times to allow for higher degrees of freedom in carrying out t-test to test for the difference of the effect of in-vitro antimicrobial activity of H. umbellata against E. coli, S. aureus and Streptococcus sp using mathematical software R language (3.6.1 version). Line plots, histogram and t-test are used to explain the effect of antimicrobial activity of H. umbellate on the selected bacteria. MIC and MBC were determined using standard methods. Results: The Phytochemical analysis of methanolic seed extract of Hunteria umbellata showed the presence of secondary metabolites like saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, phenol among others. GC-MS assay of the H. umbellata seed extract revealed the presence of eight different compounds. Agar well diffusion method was characterized by inhibition zones of 18.36±0.87, 19.13±1.03 and 21.62±2.53 mm for E.coli, S. aureus and Streptococcus sp respectively at 300 mg/ml-1 and 21.70± 1.60, 23.83± 2.64 and 28.57± 1.52 for E.coli, S. aureus and Streptococcus sp respectively at 500 mg/ml. The results of the analysis show that there is a significant difference between the effects of in-vitro antimicrobial activity of H. umbellate on 3001 and 500 mg/ml on each bacteria tested at 5% level of significance. E.coli, S. aureus and Streptococcus sp were tested against 12 standard antimicrobial agents, of which six was sensitive and another six was resistance to E .coli, seven was sensitive, and five was resistance to S. aureus while four was resistance and eight sensitive to Streptococcus sp. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for E.coli, S. aureus, and Streptococcus sp were 250, 125 and 31.25 mgml-1 while their minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were 500, 250 and 125 respectively. MIC and MBC tests showed that H. umbellata methanolic seed extract had noticeable bactericidal effects with MBC/MIC values ranging between 2 to 4. The extract has strong potency against these microorganisms with Streptococcus sp being the most susceptible. Conclusions: Hunteria umbellata has potential as natural therapeutic agents against E. coli, S. aureus and Streptococcus sp and they may prevent pathogenic diseases.
... In the present investigation, different extracts of C. coromandelicum was evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against certain Gram positive, gram negative bacteria and fungi. The implication of the broad spectrum action of some of these extracts was that they can be useful in antiseptic and disinfectant formulation as well as in chemotherapy if the active principle can be isolated 15 . In the present study, Enterococcus showed more activity in petroleum ether and chloroform extracts of C. coromandelicum fruit. ...
The medicinal plants are the key source in the life of human beings. The present study was aimed to evaluate the preliminary phytochemistry, pharmacognostical and antimicrobial activity of Canthium coromandelicum fruit. The fruit showed the presence of secondary metabolites like flavonoids, steroids, tannins, phenol, sterols, cardiac glycoside and saponin glycoside in various extracts. The pharmacognostical analysis of C. coromandelicum was useful in the identification of authentic samples and recognizing adulterants. The various extracts of C. coromandelicum fruit has shown antimicrobial activity against eight bacterial strains including Gram negative, Gram-positive bacteria, and three fungal strains using agar well diffusion method. The methanolic extract showed the broad spectrum antimicrobial activity compared to petroleum ether and chloroform extracts. Chloroform extract showed high cytotoxicity value with low IC50 values. The antimicrobial studies proved that Canthium coromandelicum fruit has antimicrobial activity against the selected pathogens. The Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay is an excellent predictive tool for the toxic potential of plant extracts in humans.
... The ascertained pure extract devoid of contamination agrees with the work of Cheesbrough (2000), Okigbo et al. (2009), andAnukworji et al. (2012). This study also revealed that preser-vative and fungicidal compounds were present in the leaves of T. daniellii, since they were able to inhibit the growth of the test fungi; this revelation is in consonance with earlier reports on several studies but on different fungal organisms (Ajayi andOjelere, 2013, 2014;Awosan et al., 2004;Grillo and Lawal, 2010). Hence the four extracts used have the potential application in Table 3 ...
The consumers' interest in natural preservatives seemed to have increased because of the apathy and negative effect of synthetic preservatives. This study explored the use of Thaumatococcus daniellii leaves as potential preservatives against fungi responsible for the spoilage of orange juice and corn jell-o. The leaves of the plant were extracted with different solvents – acetone, aqueous, ethanol and hexane – and assayed against test fungi using disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations were determined. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses of leaves of the plants were carried out, the most active extract of the fresh and dried leaves was assayed via GC–MS for the essential oils and HPLC fingerprinting was used to determine the phytochemical constituents of the most active extracts. The toxicity test of the extracts against Brine shrimp was carried out after 24 hours of exposure. The ethanol extracts of the plants were the most active based on the antifungal assay. The toxicity test revealed that the extracts of the plants were non-toxic on the Brine shrimps at LD50 (592.95 µg/ml and 281.12 µg/ml for aqueous and ethanol extracts). The qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloid, tannin, saponins, flavonoids, steroids and terpenoids in the leaf of the plant. The quantitative phytochemical analysis of the most active extract in the plants revealed alkaloids with the highest content of 107.48 mg/100 g. The GC–MS analyses of the fresh leaves of the plants revealed the presence of isodecane at 15.16%. The GC–MS analyses of the dried leaves revealed 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene in T. danielli with the highest percentage of 15.48%. The HPLC analysis revealed the presence of various phytochemical constituents in the dried leaves of the plant. This study has been able to ascertain the potency of T. daniellii leaves on fungi responsible for spoilage of sweet Citrus sinensis (orange) juice and Corn Jell-O (‘Eko’) which contribute to continuous drive towards the use and total acceptance of natural antimicrobials.
"Water is an essential resource and its purity should not be negotiated when it comes to human consumption. This study investigated the antibacterial activity of Garcinia kola and Hunteria umbellata seed and epicarp on some bacterial isolates from sachet water. Duplicate samples of ten brands of sachet water were purchased from sales outlets around Ugbowo community, Benin City. Plate count techniques, minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the extracts were adopted in this investigation. Heterotrophic bacterial counts revealed highest range of 3.72±0.50x102 cfu/mL in EJ water and lowest in IB water (0.00±0.0x102 cfu/mL) while total coliform counts revealed its highest value in EJ water (3.62±0.30x102 cfu/mL) and lowest value (0.00±0.0 x102 cfu/mL), in OL, IB, NOS and UNI water. Aeromonas sp., Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus aereus and Enterobacter sp. were isolated. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile revealed varying zones of inhibition of 4 mm for Aeromonas sp., for Garcinia Kola and 20 mm recorded against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus sp. for Hunteria umbellata epicarp extract. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of susceptible bacteria to Hunteria umbellata and Garcinia kola extract were 6.25mg/mL and 12.5mg/mL, respectively, except Aeromonas sp. which had 50 mg/mL. Hunteria umbellata epicarp had a greater bactericidal effect of 6.25mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, while Garcinia kola had its greatest bactericidal effect on Enterobacter sp. with a minimum bactericidal concentration of 12.5mg/mL. This study has revealed the potentials of Hunteria umbellata epicarp and Garcinia kola as effective natural therapeutic agents against some harmful bacteria, preventing their pathogenic effect. Keywords: Herbal extracts, Hygiene education, Minimum Bactericidal Concentration, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, Sachet water."
Celtis tournefortii Lam and Prosopis farcta plant's antioxidant and polyphenolic characteristics have been attributed to the various phytochemicals, including phenolic and fatty acids, present in the crude extract in the leaves, fruits, pods, and seeds. This study's aim is to determine the entire phytochemical compositions of the leaf and fruit reflect Celtis tournefortii Lam, while pod and seed represent Prosopis farcta from Mazne sub-district, including proximate analysis, total antioxidant capacity, total organic acids, ascorbic acids, polyphenols, and fatty acids following established procedures. Pods have higher levels of fiber (41± 0.05 mg/100 g), protein (20.3±0.05%), and vitamin C (26.47±0.03 mg/100 g) from Prosopis farcta, although fruit has higher levels of total antioxidants (89.54± 0.28%) and organic acid (1576±0.57 mg/kg) from Celtis tournefortii Lam. Gallic acid (10.56±0.03 mg/kg) had the highest concentration of polyphenols, whereas the pod contained the highest concentrations of quercetin (11.27±0.14 mg/kg), rutin (13.0±0.57 mg/kg), coumaric acid (2140.57 mg/kg), and chlorogenic acid (659.0±0.57 mg/kg). Oleic acid 32.60±0.24%, Cis-11-Eicosenoic 3.20±0.11%, and Cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-Docosahexaenoic 2.10±0.05% were the most prevalent unsaturated fatty acids in the seed, whereas palmitic 17.40±0.05% and tricosanoic 6.40±0.05% were the most prevalent saturated fatty acids in the leaves. Overall, seeds had the highest concentration of unsaturated fatty acids (74.44%), while leaves had the highest concentration of saturated fatty acids (44.42%). This study identifies two untamed plants, Celtis tournefortii Lam and Prosopis farcta, as potential new sources of natural oil and beneficial natural ingredients.
