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Schmidt-Appleman criterion for contrail formation. The red line represents the state of the exhaust air as it mixes with environmental air. Where this line crosses the saturation vapour pressure curve for water, a contrail will from. If ambient air is saturated with respect to ice, contrails will persist.

Schmidt-Appleman criterion for contrail formation. The red line represents the state of the exhaust air as it mixes with environmental air. Where this line crosses the saturation vapour pressure curve for water, a contrail will from. If ambient air is saturated with respect to ice, contrails will persist.

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Figure 1 Monthly total overflights through Irish air-space.
Figure 2: AATSR image for 17/03/2009 at 11:18UTC. a) True colour image,...
Figure 3 Schmidt-Appleman criterion for contrail formation. The red...
Figure 4 Radiosonde sounding indicating contrail susceptible...
Figure 5 Outline of approach to modify CDA with meteorological data.
The use of Meteorological Data to Improve Contrail Detection in Thermal Imagery over Ireland
Conference Paper
Full-text available
  • Sep 2009
Aircraft induced contrails have been found to have a net warming influence on the climate system, with strong regional dependence. Persistent linear contrails are detectable in 1 Km thermal imagery and, using an automated Contrail Detection Algorithm (CDA), can be identified on the basis of their different properties at the 11 and 12 μm wavelengths...
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Context 1
... contrails, or 'condensation-trails', form as a result of the mixing of hot and humid exhaust air with much colder ambient air below a critical temperature threshold, as defined by the 'Schmidt-Appleman' criterion ( Figure 3) (see Schumann, 1996 for more details). The critical temperature for contrail formation is dependent upon ambient pressure, relative humidity and the aircraft's contrail factor, with the critical temperature calculated for each atmospheric layer ( Schumann, 1996) from radiosonde data. ...

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Citations

... The aerodynamic contrails occur at surfaces due to a change in pressure [27]. Exhaust contrails occur when the hot and moist plume at engine exhaust mixes with the cold ambient air under favorable weather conditions (-38ºC of the ambient temperature) and will persist when supper-saturation with respect to ice is reached [28]. The contrail formation conditions can be identified using the well-know Schmidt-Appleman Criterion (SAC) as visualized in Fig. 2 [29]. ...
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