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This paper is concerned with environmental effects of the vitrification process of solid metallurgical waste (filter dust, FD, slag from electro-furnace, SEF and slag from converter, SC) from ferronickel production industry. Chemical and mineralogical characterization of the waste materials was done. The waste mixture (FD : SEF : SC = 1 : 10 : 1) c...
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... In this work a glass, obtained by vitrification of high amount of iron-rich wastes from ferronickel production mixed with glass cullet, is used. The preliminary TCLP (toxic characterization leaching procedure) test highlight that the used residues can be characterized as hazardous wastes, while the resulting glass is an inert material, appropriated for glass-ceramic manufacture [26]. The aim of this study is to evaluate the optimal two step heat-treatment for transformation of parent glass into glass-ceramic with enhanced properties using alternative methods: the optimal nucleation step is estimated by DTA analysis, while the crystallization stepby pycnometric measurements. ...
... In this research electro-furnace slag (EFS), dust (D) and converter slag (CS) from ferronickel smelting plant in R. Macedonia were used as raw materials. The annual production of these residues is estimated as 1. 135, 000 tons EFS, 102, 000 tons D and 109, 000 tons CS, respectively [26]. The preliminary leaching tests demonstrate that these residues can be classified as hazardous materials [26] which means that their inertization or re-using is obligatory. ...
... The annual production of these residues is estimated as 1. 135, 000 tons EFS, 102, 000 tons D and 109, 000 tons CS, respectively [26]. The preliminary leaching tests demonstrate that these residues can be classified as hazardous materials [26] which means that their inertization or re-using is obligatory. Since two of wastes (EFS and D) are characterized with elevate amount of SiO 2 and iron oxides a potential route for their inertization could be the vitrification procedure. ...
Hazardous electro-furnace slag (EFS), dust (D) and converter slag (CS) from ferronickel smelting plant were mixed with glass cullet and vitrified. The optimal heat-treatment regime for transformation of obtained glass into glass-ceramic was evaluated using fast alternative methods: the nucleation step was estimated by DTA analysis, while the crystallization step - by pycnometric measurements. Additional kinetics data, attained by non-isothermal heat-treatments at different heating rates, were also analyzed and the formed crystal phases were studied by XRD analysis.
... In this work a glass, obtained by vitrification of high amount of iron-rich wastes from ferronickel production mixed with glass cullet, is used. The preliminary TCLP (toxic characterization leaching procedure) test highlight that the used residues can be characterized as hazardous wastes, while the resulting glass is an inert material, appropriated for glass–ceramic manufacture [26]. The aim of this study is to evaluate the optimal two step heat-treatment for transformation of parent glass into glass–ceramic with enhanced properties using alternative methods: the optimal nucleation step is estimated by DTA analysis, while the crystallization step – by pycnometric measurements. ...
... In this research electro-furnace slag (EFS), dust (D) and converter slag (CS) from ferronickel smelting plant in R. Macedonia were used as raw materials. The annual production of these residues is estimated as 1. 135, 000 tons EFS, 102, 000 tons D and 109, 000 tons CS, respectively [26]. The preliminary leaching tests demonstrate that these residues can be classified as hazardous materials [26] which means that their inertization or re-using is obligatory. ...
... The annual production of these residues is estimated as 1. 135, 000 tons EFS, 102, 000 tons D and 109, 000 tons CS, respectively [26]. The preliminary leaching tests demonstrate that these residues can be classified as hazardous materials [26] which means that their inertization or re-using is obligatory. Since two of wastes (EFS and D) are characterized with elevate amount of SiO 2 and iron oxides a potential route for their inertization could be the vitrification procedure. ...
Hazardous electro-furnace slag (EFS), dust (D) and converter slag (CS) from ferronickel smelting plant were mixed with glass cullet and vitrified. The optimal heat-treatment regime for transformation of obtained glass into glass–ceramic was evaluated using fast alternative methods: the nucleation step was estimated by DTA analysis, while the crystallization step – by pycnometric measurements. Additional kinetics data, attained by non-isothermal heat-treatments at different heating rates, were also analyzed and the formed crystal phases were studied by XRD analysis. The investigated glass is easily melted (2 h at 1400 1C) and is characterized by a spontaneous tendency for bulk crystallization. In addition, due to the presence of 1.5 wt% Cr 2 O 3 in the batch, supplementary nucleation process takes place, which is a premise for formation of fine crystalline structure and improved mechanical properties. The results elucidate that short heat-treatment at low temperatures (45–60 min nucleation at about 650 1C and 30–45 min crystallization at about 750 1C) leads to formation of mono-phase pyroxene glass–ceramic with $50 wt% crystallinity.
Abstract. Glass-ceramics are polycrystalline materials, containing amorphous
and crystal phases and obtained by controlled crystallization of glasses with suitable
compositions. The parent batch is melted, the melt is formed and thus prepared
samples partially crystallize at secondary heat-treatment. The crystallization
process can be controlled by addition of appropriate nucleating agents in the glass
compositions. The evaluation of an optimal thermal cycle and crystallinity of
the material are very important, since they control the main properties of glassceramics.
The aim of present work is to investigate the evolution of crystallinity
in two iron-rich glass-ceramics by metallurgical wastes using non-traditional
pycnometric method. After the crystallization both glasses form similar pyroxene
phase, but due to different compositions and nucleation behaviors their crystallinity
and morphology are quite diverse.
