Schematic representation of the modified Franz diffusion cell used to determine permeation of tizanidine across sheep buccal mucosa.

Schematic representation of the modified Franz diffusion cell used to determine permeation of tizanidine across sheep buccal mucosa.

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Tizanidine hydrochloride (THCl) is an antispasmodic agent which undergoes extensive first pass metabolism making it a possible candidate for buccal delivery. The aim of this study was to prepare a monolayered buccal patch containing THCl using the emulsification solvent evaporation method. Fourteen formulations were prepared using the polymers Eudr...

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... rate and extent of mucosal permeation of tizanidine through sheep buccal mucosa was determined using a modified Franz diffusion cell (Fig. 2). Briefly, the receptor compartment (40 mL) was filled with PBS (pH 6.8) at 3770.5 1C and stirred at 50 rpm. The patch was sandwiched between the donor and receptor compartments of the diffusion cell on the sheep buccal mucosa. Aliquots (3 mL) of the receptor medium were withdrawn at regular intervals and replaced immediately with equal ...

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... The percentage elongation at break values of the films varied between 62-80%. In a study on terbinafine hydrochloride buccal films of HPMC-PVP K30, the percentage elongation at break values was found to depend on changes in the percentages of HPMC or PVP [57]. Since the percentage of HPMC in the films was fixed in the present investigation, slight variations in the parameter might be attributed to variation in the percentage of Eudragit RL 100. ...
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... A large number of patients have difficulty swallowing -for example, patients with dysphagia (Shipp et al., 2022) (Sharma et al., 2018). Suitable for application through the oral mucosa are drugs that are rapidly metabolized in the "first-pass effect" upon gastrointestinal administration, such as the antispasmodic tizanidine (Pendekal, Tegginamat, 2012). However, many of the drugs have poor solubility in the aqueous environment, which can be solved by using complexation, for example, hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin was used by Ahmed et al. (2020) in their experiments, where the model drug used was simvastatin in the form of buccal films. ...
... Buccal plasters must be flexible, elastic, and strong to withstand mechanical activity in the mouth. They must also have good mucoadhesion to remain in the mouth for the required time (Pendekal, Tegginamat, 2012;Sharma et al., 2018). Even these special medicinal forms must meet certain requirements, such as suitable pH -the surface pH of lyophilizates or patches applied to the mucus membrane should have values close to the physiological pH in the oral cavity (5.8-7.1) ...
... Even these special medicinal forms must meet certain requirements, such as suitable pH -the surface pH of lyophilizates or patches applied to the mucus membrane should have values close to the physiological pH in the oral cavity (5.8-7.1) (Pendekal, Tegginamat, 2012). Suitable for application through the oral mucosa are drugs that are quickly metabolized in the first-pass effect upon gastrointestinal administration, such as spasmolytic tizanidine (Pendekal, Tegginamat, 2012). ...
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... So improving bioavailability through buccal medication administration is a highly effective method. The buccal mucosa has a rich blood supply, which allows the direct entry of drug molecules into the systemic circulation, making buccal drug delivery an appealing alternative to more traditional routes of systemic drug administration which acts as an excellent site for the absorption of drugs [15,16] . ...